水利水电工程毕业设计外文翻译.doc

水利水电工程毕业设计外文翻译.doc

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外文翻译

Thechangingroleofhydropower:

fromcheaplocalenergysupplytostrategicregionalresource

Abstract:

Theroleofhydropowerhasevolvedfrombeingalocal,low-costenergysourcetobeingaflexibleresourceofferingavarietyofancillaryservicesincludingregionalfrequencycontrolandenergystorageforlargeinterconnectedpowersystems.ThispaperexploresthisdevelopmentasitrelatestoaNorthAmericanmidcontinentelectricalpowerregion.Itreviewstraditionalbenefitsfromhydropowerinathermal-power-dominatedregionandtraditionaleffortstoquantitythosebenefits.Withthechallengesofintegratingincreasingquantitiesofvariablegenerationsuchaswindandsolarpower,newbenefitsfromhydropowerhavebeenidentifiedandnewmethodstoquantifythosebenefitshavebeendeveloped.Recentresultsofamajorstudyofthesub-hourlybehaviourofahydropowersysteminaMidwesternUnitedStateselectricalmarketarereviewed.

Keywords:

conventionalhydropower,renewableintegration,accommodatingvariablegeneration,hydroplantoptimization,benefitsofhydropower

Inthepast,therehavebeenmanydriversforintegratingCanadianhydropowersystemswiththermalsystemsintheUnitedStates.Theyincludedthesaleofsurplushydraulicenergy,leveragingtheloaddiversitybetweenwarmerandcoolerclimates,short-termenergyarbitrage,systemreliabilityimprovements,andfueldiversificationandemissionreduction.

Morerecently,increasedpenetrationlevelsofvariablerenewablegeneration,suchaswindandsolarpower,areincreasingtheuncertaintyandvariabilityintheelectricload–supplybalance.Thisposeschallengestotheoperationofregionalelectricalsystems.Theflexibilityandenergy-storagecharacteristicsofhydropowercanassistelectricalutilitiesandsystemoperatorsinmanagingthevariabilitythroughloadbalancingandshiftingenergyproductiontomoreopportunetimes.Manyhydrofacilitiesalreadyprovidesimilarbalancingservicesforload,whileothersmaynotbeabletobecauseofoperationalrestrictions.

Traditionalbenefitanalysesmaynotadequatelycapturealltheeconomicbenefitsattributabletoflexiblehydrogeneration,thusleavingsomethingonthetablewhenjustifyingnewdevelopments.Withthegrowthinvariablerenewableresources,thereisanincreasedneedformorecomprehensivebenefitcalculations.SeveralmajorstudiesintheUShaveattemptedtofullyquantifythebenefitshydropowerbringstotheelectricalsystemusinghourlymarketsimulations（GEEnergy,20109.GEEnergy.（2010）.WesternWindandSolarIntegrationStudy.Akeyconclusionofthesestudiesisthattofullycapturethebenefitsarisingfromthesynergyofhydropowerandvariablerenewablegeneration,sub-hourlymodellingandanalysisarerequired.

TheManitobaHydroWindSynergyStudy（MHWSS）,completedbytheMidcontinentIndependentSystemOperator（MISO）andManitobaHydro（MH）,isoneofthefirstpower-marketmodellingstudiesaimedatquantifyingthebenefitsofhydropoweratsub-hourlytimeframes.Thestudyexplicitlymodelsthevariabilityinwindpowerandtheenergy-storagecapabilitiesofmajorhydropowerfacilitiesinManitoba,inadditiontothetypicalcharacteristicsofday-aheadandreal-timeenergyandancillary-servicesmarkets.Thebenefitsarequantifiedintermsofsystemoperating-costreductions.Otherbenefits,includingreductionsinwindcurtailments,andadescriptionofthesynergybetweenwindandhydroarepresented.

Thisarticleisbrokenintoseveralsections.ThefirstsectionpresentsthehistoryofelectricpowergrowthinManitobaandthetraditionalbenefitsassociatedwithhydro–thermalintegration.Thesecondsectiondescribestheroleofhydropowerintheintegrationofvariablegenerationtechnologiesandthepreviouseffortstoquantifythebenefitsfromhydropower.ThefinalsectionpresentsarecentstudyintheUSMidwestandconclusionsfromthatwork.

Hydropowerresourcesarenotdistributeduniformlyaroundtheglobe.Someregionsarehydro-rich;othershavefewexistingorpotentialhydro-generationsites.Regionsrichinhydropowerresourceshavetraditionallydevelopedhydro-dominatedgenerationfleetsandbenefitedfromlow-costenergy,whileinregionswithfewerhydropowerresources,hydropower,whereavailable,hasplayedarelativelyminorrole.

ThreecommonelectricalpowersourcesinNorthAmericaaresteam-thermal（e.g.coalandnuclear）,combustionturbine（gas）andhydropower.Steam-thermalstationsarerelativelydifficulttostartandstopandtorampupordown.Asaresult,theyaretypicallyusedforcontinuous,base-loadedoperations.Combustionturbinesandhydropoweraremuchmoreflexibleandaretypicallyusedtorespondtopeakenergydemand.

Hydrostationshavemuchloweroperatingcoststhansteam-thermalorcombustionturbines,primarilythankstozerofuelcosts.However,h