英语四级考试真题与答案.docx
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英语四级考试真题与答案
2013年最新英语四级考试真题与答案
PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)
Directions:
Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
PassageOne
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Designofallthenewtoolsandimplementsisbasedoncarefulexperimentswithelectronicinstruments.First,ahuman“guineapig”istestedusingaregulartool.Measurementsaretakenoftheamountofworkdone,andthebuildupofheatinthebody.Twistedjointsandstretchedmusclescannotperformaswell,ithasbeenfound,asjointsandmusclesintheirnormalpositions.Thesamepersonisthentestedagain,usingatooldesignedaccordingtothesuggestionsmadebyDr.Tichauer.Allthesetestshaveshownthegreatimprovementofthenewdesignsovertheold.
OneoftheelectronicinstrumentsusedbyDr.Tichauer,themyograph(肌动记器),makesvisiblethroughelectricalsignalstheworkdonebyhumanmuscle.
Anothermachinemeasuresanydangerousfeaturesoftools,thusprovinginformationuponwhichtobaseanewdesign.Oneconclusionoftestsmadewiththismachineisthatatripodstepladderismorestableandsafertousethanonewithfourlegs.(olddesign)
Thisworkhasattractedtheattentionofefficiencyexpertsandtime-and-motion-studyengineer,butitsvaluegoesfarbeyondthat.Dr.Tichauer’sfirstthoughtisforthehealthofthetooluser.Withtherepeateduseofthesametoolalldaylongonproductionlinesandinotherjobs,evenlightmanualworkcanputaheavystressononesmallareaofthebody.Intime,suchstresscancauseadisablingdisease.Furthermore,musclefatigueisaserioussafetyhazard.
Efficiencyistheby-productofcomfort,Dr.Tichauerbelieves,andhisnewdesignsfortraditionaltoolshaveprovedhispoint.
21.Whatareinvolvedinthedesignofanewtoolaccordingtothepassage?
A)Electronicinstrumentsandaregulartool.
B)Ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartool.
C)Electronicinstrumentsandahuman“guineapig”.
D)Electronicinstruments,ahuman“guineapig”andaregulartool.
22.Fromthepassageweknowthatjointsandmusclesperformbestwhen__________________.
A)theyaretwistedandstretched
B)theyareintheirnormalpositions
C)theyaretestedwithahuman“guineapig”
D)theyaretestedwithelectronicinstruments
23.A“myograph”(Para.2,Line1)isanelectronicinstrumentthat________________.
A)isabletodesignnewtools
B)measurestheamountofenergyused
C)enablepeopletoseethemuscularmovements
D)visualizeselectricalsignals
24.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________________.
A)astepladderusedtohavefourlegs.
B)itisdangeroustousetools
C)atripodissaferinatooldesign
D)workersaresaferonproductionlines
25.Dr.Tichauerstartedhisexperimentsinitiallyto_________________.
A)improveefficiency
B)increaseproduction
C)reduceworkload
D)improvecomfort
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusinesses,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapbigreward.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.
It’seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing.Butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.
Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetected.Butit’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.
Unlikeotherlawbreakers,whomustleavethecountry,commitsuicide,orgotojail,computercriminalssometimesescapepunishment,demandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefits.Alltoooften,theirdemandshavebeenmet.
Why?
Becausecompanyexecutivesareafraidofthebadpublicitythatwouldresultifthepublicfoundoutthattheircomputerhadbeenmisused.Theyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhejuggled(诈骗)themostconfidential(保密)recordsrightunderthenosesofthecompany’sexecutives,accountants,andsecuritystaff.Andsoanothercomputercriminaldepartswithjusttherecommendationsheneedstocontinuehiscrimeselsewhere.
26.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat___排除法____________.
A)itisstillimpossibletodetectcomputercrimestoday
B)peoplecommitcomputercrimesattherequestoftheircompany
C)computercriminalsescapepunishmentbecausetheycan’tbedetected
D)computercrimesarethemostseriousproblemintheoperationoffinancialinstitutions
27.Itisimpliedinthethirdparagraphthat_________________.
A)mostcomputercriminalswhoarecaughtblametheirbadluck
B)therapidincreaseofcomputercrimesisatroublesomeproblem
C)mostcomputercriminalsaresmartenoughtocoveruptheircrimes
D)manymorecomputercrimesgoundetectedthatarediscovered(估计是掉词了,应该表达的是undetected的比discovered的多)
28.Whichofthefollowingstatementsismentionedinthepassage?
A)Astrictlawagainstcomputercrimesmustbeenforced
B)Companiesusuallyhesitatetouncovercomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation
C)Companieswillguardagainstcomputercrimestoprotecttheirreputation
D)Companiesneedtoimposerestrictionsonconfidentialinformation
29.Whatmayhappentocomputercriminalsoncetheyarecaught?
A)Withabadreputationtheycanhardlyfindanotherjob.
B)Theymaywalkawayandeasilyfindanotherjob.
C)Theywillbedeniedaccesstoconfidentialrecords
D)Theymustleavethecountrytogotojail.
30.Thepassageismainlyabout_________________.
A)whycomputercriminalsareoftenabletoescapepunishment
B)whycomputercrimesaredifficulttodetectbysystematicinspections
C)howcomputercriminalsmangetogetgoodrecommendationsfromtheirformeremployers
D)whycomputercrimescan’tbeeliminated
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionmakesforequalityandthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythe“battleofthesexes”.
Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant–andthathashappenedinsomecases–weareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.
ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredof“Momism”–butwedon’twanttoexchangeitfora“neo-Popism”.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit–northeblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisinthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyseman’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.
Thefamilyisaco-operativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.
Excessiveauthoritarianism(命令主义)hasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesispertinent(相关的,切题的)notonlytoahealthydemocracy,butalsotoahealthyfamily.
31.Theidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesis_________________.
A)fundamentaltoasounddemocracy
B)notpertinenttohealthyfamilylife
C)responsibleforMomism
D)whatwehavealmostgivenup
32.Thedangerinthesharingofhouseholdtasksbythemotherandthefatheristhat___________.
A)theroleofthefathermaybecomeaninferiorone’
B)theroleofthemothermaybecomeaninferiorone
C)C)thechildrenwillgrowupbelievingthatlifeisabattleofsexes
D)sharingleadstoconstantarguing
33.Theauthorstatesthatbringingupchildren________________.
A)ismainlythemother’sjob
B)belongsamongthedutiesofthefather
C)isthejobofschoolsandchurches
D)involvesapartnershipofequals
34.Accordingtotheauthor,thefather’sroleinthehomeis____________________.
A)minorbecauseheisanineffectualparent
B)irrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild
C)pertinenttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild
D)identicaltotheroleofthechild’smother
35.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?
A)Ahealthy,co-operativefamilyisabasicingredientofahealthysociety.
B)Menarebasicallyopposedtosharinghouseholdchore