The conflict between Ideals and Reality in The Adventues of Huckleberry Finn论文.docx

The conflict between Ideals and Reality in The Adventues of Huckleberry Finn论文.docx

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TheconflictbetweenIdealsandRealityinTheAdventuesofHuckleberryFinn论文

Contents

Contents………………………………………………………………………………...i

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………….ii

Abstract………………………………………………………………………………...iii

I.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..1

II.TheLiteratureReviewofTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn……………………2

2.1WritingBackground…………………………………………………………....2

2.2TheWorkandAuthor…………………………………………………………...2

2.3TheConflictintheWork……………………………………………………….4

III.TheConflictsbetweenIdealsandRealityintheWork…………………………….4

3.1TheConflictsbetweenIdealsandRealityinRacialRelation………………….4

3.1.1TheHistoryofAmericanRacismandSlavery……………………………4

3.1.2TheRacialRelationbetweenWhiteandBlackintheWork……………...5

3.2TheConflictsbetweenIdealsandRealityinMorality………………………….7

3.2.1InnocenceandVice……………………………………………………….7

3.2.2LieandTruth……………………………………………………………...8

3.2.3Huck’s“SoundHeart”andDeformedConscience……………………9

IV.Conclusion………………...……………………………………………………….10

References…...…………………………………………………………………………10

Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………..12

摘要

《哈克贝利费恩历险记》是美国文学史上一部巨大的演义。

自从它1884年初次出版至现在，仍旧有许多有关的研究成果从种种不同的角度对它进行了解读。

哈克贝利费恩历险记不仅是一部探索当时种族与道德世界的小说，而且书中描写的道德问题与种族问题直到今天仍然困扰着我们，围绕它的持久争论使其成为不朽的作品。

论文主要是对《哈克贝利费恩历险记》理想与现实之间的矛盾冲突做了扼要剖析。

小说中哈克和吉姆代表理想，然而他们周围的人们和社会代表现实。

两方在种族关系、教育和道德观方面有着强烈的冲突。

黑人与白人的种族关系是研究理想与现实冲突的重要角度；哈克和吉姆社会处境的对比是最好的例子。

在道德观方面，论文主要通过天真与伪善，谎言与事实和哈克内心的自我冲突来体现的。

通过研究，揭露社会的伪善以及拥有黑奴的社会不可能是一个公平的社会，无论他如何相信或宣称自己是多么的“文明”.

关键词：

《哈克贝利费恩历险记》理想与现实矛盾冲突

Abstract

InAmericanliterature,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnisagreatnovel.Sinceitwaspublishedin1884,studiesaboutthisnovelhaveinterpreteditfrommanydifferentaspects.Thenovelemergesasanovelthatexplorestheracialandmoralworldofitstime.Italsocontroversiesthatcontinuetosurrounditasanartifactofthosesamemoralandracialtensionsastheyhaveevolvedintothepresentday.ThethemeofthispaperistomakeasimpleanalysisoftheconflictsbetweenidealsandrealityinTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Inthenovel,delegateofidealsareHuckandJim,whiledelegateofrealityarethesocialpeoplearoundthem.Thetwoclasheachotheroverracialrelationship,educationandmorality.Racialrelationshipbetweenwhiteandblackisatheimportantaspecttoreflecttheconflictbetweentheidealsandreality,comparisonofsocialsituationbetweenHuckandJimisfullyembodiment.Inthemorality,Iwillreflectconflictthroughinnocenceandvice,lieandtruthandHuck’sachangeofheart.Throughthispaperrevealsthehypocrisyofsocietyanddemonstrateshowimpossibleit’sforasocietythatownsslavestobejust,however“civilizedthatsocietybelievesandproclaimsitselftobe”

KeyWords:

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnidealsandrealityconflict

TheConflictsbetweenIdealsandRealityinTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

I.Introduction

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnisMarkTwain’smasterpiece.ThisstorytakesplaceinAmericanofCivilWararound1850intheMississippiRiver.Yetthisnovelaffectssomepeopleinprinciplesandrules.Ittookhighlyinfluentialandmuchadmiredbywriterandreader,butiteverwasthemostcontroversialandfrequentlybannedinAmericanliterature.Thebookwasbannedbecauseofrevealingthehypocrisiesofslaveholdersonthesouth.However,themajorityofcontemporaryoneofthereviewersandlatercommentatorsfindpraiseworthyofthenovel:

ErnestHemingwaysaysallAmericanwritingcomesfromthisnovel.ThereviewerH.L.Menckenannounces‘HuckleberryFinn’isoneofthewell-knownmasterpiecesoftheworld.‘DonQuixote’saysitisthefullequal.Somecriticshavecommenteditfrommanyanglessuchasrace,class,religionandsoon.Somecriticshavefocusedonthisnovel’slanguage,styleandthemesfromdifferentaspects.Fromthe1950son,academiccriticsbegintodiscussthenatureofHuck,thenovel’sstructure,thepsychologyofitshero;somereviewerstarttodiscusspicaresqueadventurewhichremainsanongoingconcern.InTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,slaveryhasbeenabolishedfortwentyyears,butblackhaven’tgainfreedom.Whiteandblackarenotequalinrightorsocialsituation.Blackisthepovertyofwhite.Racialrelationshipisimportantconflictinthenovel.Racismisalwaysessentialdebate.Socialmoralityisanotherimportantconflict.Moralityissocialspirit.Twainwritesfromaboy’sperspective,andadult’sthehypocrisyandcruelty.ThispaperwillmainlyshowtheconflictbetweenidealsandrealityinTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Forpeopleclearlyunderstanding,thispaperfirstlyintroducessomebasisinformationaboutthisnovel.

II.TheLiteratureReviewofTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

2.1WritingBackground

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnshowstherealscenesofAmericansociety.It’sproducedbyprevalentnationalissuesoftheday.ThenovelisbasedonAmericansocietyof1850sandissetontheeveofAmericanCivilWar.

TheCivilWarwaslongdrawnout.Afterfouryears,theNorthcrushedtheSouth,whichnotonlymaintainedtheterritorialintegrityoftheUnitedStates,butkeptaneconomicprosperous.However,thisalsobroughtsomeproblems,likeevilandcrimeobviouslyincrease.InAmericantheoldcustomandconventionsstillstayed.Theslaveryhasbeenabolished,butblackdon’tgetequalityandfreedombecausesomestatesofthesouthstilltrytothebesttodeprivetheformerespeciallyblackslave’srightthroughlaws.InAmerican,racismismoresevere.Reconstruction,thepoliticalprogramhaveconscioustorevoltSouthandmakeitintotheUnionasnon-slavestates,begantofail,butthesouthisheavybeaten.Thevictorioussouthkeeppowerintheirownregions,Southernstatesandindividualsstarttotrythebesttocontrolanddeprivetheblackmenandwomenthatthewarhadfreed.Theprevailingsocialvaluesmaderacialdiscriminationrathersevere.Theblackhadextremelylowstatusandtheywerealwaysinapositionofslaveryandpersecution.Throughthetwooffightinginthenovelreflectedtheuglysocialproblems.Inthework,Huckismajorcharacter.WithHuck’sadventures,MarkTwainontheOnehand,showedgreatconcernforthegoodnatureofhumanbeingsandsymbolizedAmerica’srises,ontheotherhand,stronglycriticizeonthesocietyhelivedin.

2.2TheWorkandAuthor

TheauthorispseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens.MarkTwainishispenname.HegrowsinthesmalltownofHannibalontheMississippiRiver.Whenhewasfour,hemovedtoHannibalwithhisfamily.TheHannibalismuchsimilarwiththetownsinhistwomostfamousnovels,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnandTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.Inthe19thcentury,MarkTwainisoneofthegreatwriters.Heisfamousasrealist、lecturer、travelerandhumorist,andhealsoisachildren-storywriter.MarkTwainistheknownasheaderofmodernAmericanliteratureandaleaderfigureinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.HedevelopsrealismandliteratureofAmericanthroughhiscolloquialstyleandlocalthemesinhisworks.Anumberofwritersareimpactedbyhim.HisfriendWilliamDeanHowellsconsideredhimas“theLincolnofourliterature.”WilliamFaulknerregardedhimas“thefatherofAmericanliterature”.Twain’ssomeworksreflectedAmericansandAmericansociety.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnwashismasterpieceandwaspunishedin1884.ThenovelshowsarealandcompletepictureofAmericansocietyinthe19thcentury.

ThestorytookplaceontheMississippiRiver.Throughfloatingoftwopeopleonasmallraft:

Huckisanuneducatedoutcastboy.Pap,hisfather,isalocaldrunkandilliteracy.ThewidowDouglasandhersisterMissWatsontrytoadoptHuck.Theyattempttomakehimintowhattheybelievewillbebetterboy.However,Huckfindstheconformationratherconstraining.PapkidnapsHuck,andlockshiminacabinofthewoods.Tiredofthedrunkenman’sbeating,Huckescapestotheisland,wherehecomesacrossJim,MissWatson’sslave.JimhasrunawayfromMissWatsonbecauseheoverheardaconversationthathewouldbesolddowntheriver.ThenHuckandJimdriftdowntheMississippionaraft.Ontheway,theymeettheKingandtheDuck,twocornartists.TheysellJimtoalocalfarmerasslaveforfortydollars.Huckmanagestorescuehimwiththehelpofhisfriend,Tom.Throughalltheadventures,Huckgrowsupandgetsalotoflifeexperiences.Hisconscienceofhumanityisgrowing.Theauthorreflectedandcriticizesthesocialstatusof19thcentury.Twainthinkssocietyasastructurethathasbecomelittlemorethanacollectionofdegradedrulesandpreceptsthatdefylogic.Amidabundantsocialsatire,thenarrativefocusesonHuckleberryFinn’sdevelopment,developingmoralfreedomfromthewayofhissociety.

2.3TheConflictintheWork

Theprimarythemeofthenovelistheconflictbetweencivilizationandnaturallife.Huckrepresentsnaturallifethroughhisfreedomofspirit.Heiseducatedwithoutanyrulesandways.Thereisastrongresistancetoanythingthatmight“civilized”him.ThemajorconflictisHuck’sstruggleagainstsocietyandtheadultwhoshapeit,includingtheWidowDouglas,Pap,andtheDuckandDauphin.DouglasadoptTom,sohetriestomakeHuck“civilization”Douglasisareporterassocialcontroversyandrules,andhasracialinjusticestoblackJim.Douglasrepresentsracialinjusticesandhypocrisyofadult.TheconflictbetweenHuckandPapreflectfamilybreakdown.Throughadventures,Huckhashimselfconflictinhisheart.DuckandDauphinareliars.TheywanttosellblackJim.HuckandTomhelpandsaveJim.Inthisprocess,heknowsversusoflearningexperie