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lessonthree
LessonThreeLettersandPhonemes(II)
TeachingTitle:
LettersandPhonemes(II)
TeachingApproach:
Student-orientedactivitiescombinedwithteacher’sexplanationanddemonstration
Teachingaims:
1.Helpthestudentsmasterhowtopronounce/i/
2.Thestudentscandistinguish/i/and/i:
/
Teachingkeypoints:
howtopronounce/i/
TeachingDifficulties:
1.howtopronounce/i/correctly
2.howtodistinguish/i/and/i:
/
Teachingprocedure:
I.DutyReport
Teacherpointsoutthemistakesmadebythestudentondutyinpronunciation.
II.Warm-upexercise
Reviewthefrontvowelsthey’velearnedandleadthemtothefrontvowelthey’lllearntoday.
III.Studyofnewcontent
1./i/
①Howtopronounce/i/
Listentothetapeandlearnhowtopronouncethissoundbythehelpofthepicture.
/i/thegeneralpositionofthetongueresemblesthatof/i:
/,butthefrontofthetongueisloweranddrawnbackalittle.Thelipsarelooselyspreadandthetongueislax.
舌尖靠近下齿龈;扁唇,嘴角比/i:
/稍收小一点;开口程度比/i:
/大,比/e/小
②Wordpractice
did/did/is/iz/bit/bit/dig/dig/big/big/pig/pig/
dick/dik/pick/pik/tick/tik/miss/mis/give/giv/lift/lift/
Tim/tim/stick/stik/lift/lift/lid/lid/hid/hid/tin/tin/
any/´eni/busy/´bizi/city/´siti/begin/bi´gin/
③Phrasepractice
alittlebitintheeastinthreeweeksabigdeal
sixsticksbitbybitasilverlidlittlebylittle
asbusyasabeeathree-roomsuits
④Sentencepractice
Seeingisbelieving.
Lilylivesinthebigcity.
Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.
Hissix-year-oldsisterisasfitasfiddle.
SillyJimslippedintotheditch.
⑤Tonguetwister
Bigwigpigworeabigpigwig. 一个带着大假发的猪带着大假发,
Herodeinhisthingamajiggig, 他做着他那驾马车,
Ateabigfig,didthewhirligigjig, 吃了个大无花果,做了旋转木马,
Andlosthisperiwigonthesprigofatwig. 在一个小树枝的嫩枝上丢下了他的假发
2.Distinguish/i:
/and/i/
①Lookatthefollowingpicturesandcomparethem.
/&
/i:
/isaverycommonsoundintheworld'slanguages.Itismadebyraisingthebodyofthetonguefromitsrestpositionandshiftingitforward.The//soundismadebyloweringthetongueslightlyfromthehigh-frontpositionfor/i:
/.Besides,/i:
/isamuchmoretensesoundthan//.ThefactthatEnglishhasthesetwohighfrontvowels,differentiatedbymuscletensionintherootofthetongue,setsitapartfromChineseandmanylanguagesoftheworld.Both/i:
/and/i/canoccurininitial,medial,andfinalpositioninwords.
VerylittledifficultyshouldbeencounteredbytheChineselearnersinthepronunciationof/i:
/,but/i/isaproblemsound.Itiseasyforthelearnerstodetectthedifferenceinlength.Whatcountshere,however,isthedifferenceinquality.Itisthereforeimportanttopointoutthefactthattopronounceacorrect/i/,youneedto
1)loweryoutonguealittlebitfromthepositionfor/i:
/,and
2)makeitalaxsoundinsteadofatensesoundlike/i:
/.
Theimportanceofcorrectpronunciationof/i/liesinthefactthatitisthesecondmostfrequentvowelinEnglish.
withtheexceptionoftheotherreducedvowel,/i/,isasimportanttoanunderstandingoftheEnglishsoundsystemandthewayitfunctionsinunstressedsyllables.
/i:
//i/
把这两个元音放在一起学是为了更好地进行比较。
/i:
/的发音与汉语的“衣”发音有点相似,发音时牙床近于全合,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬得很高,升向硬腭,双唇扁平。
/i:
/与汉语“衣”的发音不同之处在于:
汉语“衣”在发音时舌前与硬腭之间的距离更窄一些,且有轻微的摩擦。
大部分中国学生对发好/i:
/这个音都有很大的把握。
第二号元音/i/的学习则给大家带来很大的挑战,不少人将/i/看作是/i:
/的短元音:
发音时舌位相同,只是将其发作短音。
其实,/i:
/与/i/的区别主要不在其长短,更重要的是质的不同,即发音时发音器官的位置不同。
从舌位图中我们看到:
这两个音发音时有两个不同之处。
首先是发/i/时舌在口腔中的位置比发/i:
/时要低一些。
也就是说/i:
/在发音时牙床近于全合,而/i/则属半合。
其次,发/i/时,舌头抬高的最高点要比/i:
/更靠后一些,因而口腔中形成的气流通道也更宽一些。
此外,在发音时/i:
/的双唇呈扁平状,口腔肌内紧张,而//的双唇形式居扁平与中常之间,口腔肌内较为放松。
掌握好以上区别,对发好这两个音极为重要。
②Listen,compareandfollow
eatiteaseis
beatbitseensin
deeddidfeelfill
deepdipneatknit
leaklickeachitch
seatsitleavelive
mealmillstealstill
Listentothetapeandcircletheletterthattheyhear.Andthenpracticethesentences.
1.Isn’tshegoingto(leave/live)
2.First,youmust(heat/hit)it.
3.Those(hills/heels)arequitehigh.
4.Don’t(sleep/slip)onthefloor.
5.Theysoldthe(sheep/ship)rightaway.
6.Iwantyouto(feel/fill)thisdish
7.Weneedtogetmore(beads/bids).
8.Iaskedhimtotakethe(lead/lid).
IV.Enjoyasong
ListentothesongWe’llrockyouandcanpracticethesound/i/.
V.Homework
Practicethetonguetwisterafterclass.
Readandrecitetheusefulsentences
Feedback:
Thestudentscanmasterhowtopronounce/i/anddistinguish/i/and/i:
/.
LessonThreeLettersandPhonemes(II)
TeachingTitle:
LettersandPhonemes(II)
TeachingApproach:
Student-orientedactivitiescombinedwithteacher’sexplanationanddemonstration
Teachingaims:
1.Helpthestudentstomasterhowtopronounce
2.HelpthestudentsknowhowtopronounceandwriteLetterAa,Kk,IiandOocorrectly.
3.Leadthestudenttoconcludethecharacteristicsofthediphthongs
Teachingkeypoint:
howtopronounceandtheletters
TeachingDifficulties:
howtomakeGlidewhilepronouncingthediphthongs
Teachingprocedure:
I.DutyReport
Teacherpointsoutthemistakesmadebythestudentondutyinpronunciationandgivesomeadviceonhowtopronouncethemcorrectly.
II.Warm-upexercise
Reviewthephonemestheylearnedlastweekandthesounds/e/and/i/aswell,thusleadstheSstolearnthediphthong/ei/.
III.Studyofnewcontent
1./ei/
①Howtopronounce/ei/
Listentothetapeandlearnhowtopronouncethissoundbythehelpofthepicture.
Adiphthongisaglidefromonevoweltoanother.Itispronouncedasonesyllable.Theloudnessbecomeslessastheglidegoeson,sothesecondelementofthediphthongisonlylightlysounded.
Itglidesfrom/e/inthedirectionof/i/.Thelipsarespread.
由/e/向/i/滑动。
(注意:
/ei/中的/e/比单元音/e/开口略小。
但/i/比单元音/i/开
略大。
/i/介于/e/和/i:
/之间。
)
前面的/e/发得很清楚,后面的/i/发得模糊些。
前面的/e/发得重些,后面的/i/发得轻一些。
前面的/e/发得长些,后面的/i/发得短一些。
②Imitation
Teacherplaysthetapeandasksthestudentstoimitatethesound.
/ei//ei//ei//ei//mei//fei//pei//dei/
/leit//meid//peid//deit//geit/
/meil//seil//geil//beik//leid/
③Phrasepractice
MayDaypageeightthenameoftheplay
LabourDayAprilraintheladyontheplane
④Sentencepractice
Nopains,nogains.不劳无获。
(英谚)
Callaspadeaspade.实事求是。
(英谚)
Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinonlyoneday.
Apennysavedisapennygained.省一文得一文,积少成多。
(英谚)
⑤Tonguetwister
ThegreatGreekgrapegrowersgrowgreatGreekgrapes.
ThegreatGreekgrapesgrowmainlyaroundthegardengates.
Distinguish/e/and/ei/(Exercise4onpage38)
Listen,compareandfollowthetape.
MostChineseEFLlearnershavelittleproblemwithmostofthediphthongs,butthefollowingisparticularlyimportanttoensurecorrectpronunciation:
makesurethatthediphthongsendwithaglide.Oneoftheproblemswithsomeofthelearnersistheproductionofpurevowelswhereadiphthongshouldbepronounced.Forexample,somelearnersfinditdifficulttomakeacleardistinctionbetween/e/and/e/.
我国学生在学习英语双元音时主要应注意以下一点:
即确保发音过程中的“滑动”,缺了“滑动”则不成其为双元音了。
以/e/为例,如果缺少了发音过程的滑动,/e/就成了/e/,pain与pen就没什么区别了。
掌握好以上发音要领,我们就能学好英语的双元音。
⑦Letters
ReadthelettersAaandKkcontaining/ei/,andpronouncethemcorrectly.Thenlookattheflashesandgettoknowhowtowritethemcorrectly.
2./ai/
①Howtopronounce/ai/
Listentothetapeandlearnhowtopronouncethissoundbythehelpofthepicture.
Aglidefromapositionnearthatfor/a:
/inthedirectionof/i/.
发/a/时,舌尖抵下龈.(注意:
英语中另有关一个类似的音/a:
/.发/a:
/时,舌尖是离开齿龈的。
)开口很大,但不紧张,自然放松。
/i/音介于/e/和/i:
/之间。
由/a/向/i/自然滑动。
(注意:
英语中自然滑动的动作是比较大的。
不要读成汉语的“爱”。
汉语“爱”滑动很小。
)
加上其他双元音共同特点:
前清楚,后模糊;前重,后轻;前长,后短。
②Imitation
Teacherplaysthetapeandasksthestudentstoimitatethesound.
/ai//ai//ai//ai//mai//bai//pai//lai/
/fait//kait//gaid//sait//paip/
/maild//daid//nait//fain//said/
③Phrasepractice
aniceknifequiterightatfivepastfive
akindwriterquitetimehighinthesky
④Sentencepractice
Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不待人。
(英谚)
Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁。
(英谚)
Astitchintimesavesnine.及时处理,事半功倍。
(英谚)
Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所见略同。
(英谚)
⑤Poem
Starlight,starbright, 明亮的星星,明亮的星星,
FirststarIseetonight, 我今晚看到的第一颗星星,
I’mgoingtotrywithallmymight, 我将尽我最大的努力,
Tokeepmyjammiesdryallnight. 让我的睡衣整夜干爽。
Letters
ReadtheletterIicontaining/ai/,andpronounceitcorrectly.Thenlookattheflashandgettoknowhowtowriteitcorrectly.
3.//
①Howtopronounce//
Listentothetapeandlearnhowtopronouncethissoundbythehelpofthepicture.
Tomakethissoundstartfrom//,thenglideaway,roundingthelipsslightly.
发//时,舌尖抵下齿龈,口略开,稍稍扁唇。
由//向//自然过渡(注意:
英语中自然过渡的动作是比较大的,不要读成汉语的“欧”。
汉语“欧”几乎不滑动。
)
渐渐将双唇收圆。
(注意:
双唇不要收得太小,不要发成“雾”。
这样唇就圆得太小了。
)
加上其他双元音共同特点:
前清楚,后模糊;前重,后轻;前长,后短。
②Imitation
Teacherplaysthetapeandasksthestudentstoimitatethesound.
//////// /s//n//g//d/
/n//g//f//p///
/m//b//t//k//s/
③Phrasepractice
anoldovercoatcokeinthestove
Agoldbowlrosesontheroad
④Sentencepractice
Astrawwillshowwhichwaythewindblows.草动知方向。
(英谚)
Asyousow,youshallmow.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
(英谚)
Littlestrokesfellgreatoaks.滴水穿石。
(英谚)
Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔。
(英谚)
⑤Tonguetwister
Noone’snoseknowswhatpapa’snoseknows.
Papa’snoseknowswheretheJamamangoes.
TheJamamangoe