高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题.docx
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高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题
2014高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意题
阅读理解之主旨大意题
Ⅰ.每日经典谚语和句型背诵与仿写
1.Nothingistoodifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
2....as...aspossible=...as...asonecan尽可能……
活学活用
仿照上述句型，翻译下列句子。
（1）我们应该尽可能地多读书。
__________________________________________________________________________
（2）政府部门必须尽快采取行动保护河流被污染。
______________________________________________________________________________
Weshouldreadasmanybooksaspossible./Weshouldreadasmanybooksaswecan.
Thegovernmentmusttakeactionstopreventtheriverfrombeingpollutedassoonaspossible.
Ⅱ.阅读理解之主旨大意题
我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。
因此，主旨大意题是常考题。
主旨大意题包括：
主要内容（mainidea,mainlyabout）型、文章标题（title）型、写作目的（purpose）型。
广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainlyabout只考过4题，title题考了5题，purpose题考了5题。
◎解题技巧
1.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置：
主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。
各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。
议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。
2.找主题句的方法：
用浏览法（skimming），即
快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。
找主题句的四个小窍门：
（1）段落中出现表转折的词语（如however,but,infact,actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句。
（2）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
（3）作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
（4）表示总结或结论的话常有therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等。
3.关于干扰项和正确答案。
（1）干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些（不完全的）事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
（2）正确答案：
是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式：
（1）Mainidea型：
选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。
题干多为如下形式：
①What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?
②Thepassageismainlyabout________.
③Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.
④Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?
⑤Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?
⑥Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily______.
⑦Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.
⑧Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.
（2）Mainpurpose型：
选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：
①What'sthepurposeofthepassage?
②Thepassageismeantto________.
③Thepurposeofthearticleisto________.
④Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat________.
⑤Thepassagetellsusthat________.
⑥Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto...
（3）标题型：
选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：
①Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.
②Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?
③Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.
④Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________.
Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.
典型例析
Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople...Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness...Butonlywhenwestop
pretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.AWheelchairExperience.
B.WeaknessandKindness.
C.WeaknessandStrength.
D.ADrivingExperience
解析：
主旨大意题。
在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。
又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。
答案：
B
Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources（资源）,theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable（可持续的）ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainable
products.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.
Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries....Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.
45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.
B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.
C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.
D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.
解析：
主旨大意题。
在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged，andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable（可持续的）ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进
行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。
故选D。
答案：
D
Althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere,meaninglesssocialcustomattimes,thereisnothingwrongwiththesentenceexceptthatitislittleuninteresting.Thesalesgirl,thewaitress,theteacher,andallthecountlessotherswhospeakitwithoutthinkingmaynotreallycareaboutmyday.Butinastrangeandcomfortableway,it'snicetoknowtheycareenoughtopretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon'tcareallthatmuch.Whiletheexpressionmaynotoften
besincere,itisalwaysspoken.Thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike.
30.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.HaveaNiceDay—aSocialCustom
B.HaveaNiceDay—aPleasantGesture
C.HaveaNiceDay—aHeartwarmingGreeting
D.HaveaNiceDay—aPoliteEndingofaConversation
解析：
主旨大意题。
由该段的第一句（特别是custom一词）可知。
答案：
A
（2013年高考）Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein，inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive，tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom，afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination
…
Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But，nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So，letyourimaginationrunwild，anddaretodream.
30.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Totellusaninterestingstory.
B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.
C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.
D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.
解析：
主旨大意题。
由文章首句Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear和全文末句So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。
答案：
D
（2013年高考）Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily，andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I'mnotgoingtosayluck，talent，andcircumstancesdon'tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence，andthat'sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.
However，tosucceedinlife，onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And，inadditiontothat，inordertogenerallygoodatsomething，oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings，it'llrequireevenmoretime，timethatmostpeoplewon'tputin.
...
Whateveryoudo，ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout，almosttothepointofaddiction，andoveralongperiodoftime.Ifyou'renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork，don'texpecttoreceiveanyrewards...
35.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?
A.Havingagoalisvitaltosuccess.
B.Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.
C.Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.
D.Luck，talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.
解析：
主旨归纳题。
由第二段开头的However可知，本文的中心论题不是第一段而在第二段tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedsto...needsto...，再结合最后一段第一句ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout,almosttothepointofaddiction,andoveralongperiodoftime，可知本文的主题思想——不花时间、不去实践是不可能取得成功的。
答案：
C
1.Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.
Today,thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared,butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies.Conversationsonsubjectssuchassexanddrugswouldnothavetakenplaceagenerationago.Nowtheyarecomfortableand
common.Andparentchildactivities,fromshoppingtosports,involveafeelingoftrustandfriendshipthatcancontinueintoadulthood.
Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.
A.describethedifficultiestoday'sparentshavemetwith
B.discussthedevelopmentoftheparentchildrelationship
C.suggestthewaystohandletheparentchildrelationship
D.comparetoday'sparentchildrelationshipwiththatinthepast
解析：
主旨大意题。
由全文内容可知，特别是由“thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared,butitisgettingnarrow”等关键词句，进行时就是一个过程，可见本文主要是讨论父母与孩子之间的关系的发展过程。
答案：
B
2.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,butsometimesit'salothardertothink
suchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge.itistimeyoubuildapositiveselfimageandlearntoloveyourself.
...
Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveselfimageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.
...
Thebestwaytogetridof
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