人大考博英语大纲样题及答案.docx

人大考博英语大纲样题及答案.docx

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人大考博英语大纲样题及答案

中国人民大学博士生（非英语专业）入学考试英语考试示例

Part

Vocabulary（20points）

Directions:

Foreachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

Choosethebestcompletingthesentence.Markthecorrespondingletterwithasingle

baracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

1．WhenIheardthatMrs.Thacherresigned,Icalledher.Iwantedhertoknowthatmyheartwas

_____her.

A.forB.ofC.inD.with

2.Gentlenesshasbeenconsidereda_____trait.

A.boyishB.delicateC.feminineD.male

3.Weknowthatthisisture,but_____werecognizethistruthonlyinourbackwardglance.

A.alltoooftenB.toooftenC.alltoolateD.toolate

4.Theretiringprofessorwas_____byhiscolleague.

A.criticizedB.exaltedC.drivenoutD.examined

5.Heishonest.Hisactionsarealways_____hiswords.

A.contradictorytoB.contradictedbyC.agreedwithD.consistentwith

6.Lifeisneverjust_____.

A.livingB.beingC.existingD.going

7.Thelady_____herskirtbysitontheseatwhileflying.

A.disorderedB.disarrangedC.creasedD.crashed

8.Youmustalwaysbereadytosacrifice_____toduty.

A.inclinationB.tendencyC.interestD.career

9.Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot_____inpublicplaces.

A.permissiveB.permissibleC.permutableD.pernicious

10.Hispleasantways_____meintothinkingthathewasmygoodfriend.

A.deprivedB.despisedC.divertedD.beguiled

11._____animalsmustbekeptincagesincasetheymighthurtthetourists.

A.LandB.DomesticC.ViciousD.Farm

12.Almostovernight,Amesbecameaheroofenvironmentalistswhenhisfindingledtonew____andbansoncertainchemicals.

A.regulationsB.authoritiesC.ordersD.suggestions

13.The____noisewhistleskeptmeawakeallnight.

A.incarnateB.incessantC.repetitiousD.rampant

14.Thebabyseemscontent,hemusthave____hisnewnursemaid.

A.takentoB.takenafterC.takenfromD.takenin

15.HehadeithertoleavethecountryimmediatelyortosurrenderhimselftotheNaziauthorities,andhadnoother_____.

A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach

16.Agoodsenseofrhythmisoneofhisnatural____asapoet.

A.endowmentsB.interestC.weaknessesD.accomplishments

17.Allhisattemptstoargueabouttherightnesswere_____.

A.futileB.notimportantC.effectiveincaseD.withoutreason

18.I____lowbrow,admirethehighbrowallthemoreforhispatronizingtype.

A.conceitingB.humbleC.overweeningD.poor

19.Lowbrowsarequite_____forhighbrowstohavetheirsymphonicsandtheirRussionnovels.

A.contentB.containedC.capacityD.yearn

20.Asthespeedofchangebringsdesign____fashion,thendecisionsabouttastewillhavetobemademoreandmoreregularly.

A.neartoB.nearertoC.nexttoD.closeto

21.Thedarkcloudssuggesta（n）_____storm.

A.impendingB.surprisingC.fastD.enexpected

22.Toourgrief,hebecame______tothedrug.

A.addictedB.interestedC.amusedD.disturbed

23.Beingaforeigner,Carldidnot_____tothejoke.

A.appreciateB.catchontoC.laughD.like

24.TalksonclimatechangeresultedintheGermancityofBonnonJuly16to_____globalwarming.

A.focusonB.combatC.settledownD.sumup

25.Hisparents_____himtoenlistwhenhewasseventeen.

A.permittedB.committedC.madeD.enabled

26._____maythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustify.

A.OptimistsB.PessimistsC.CynicistsD.Humorists

27.Hequickly_____behindthebuildingtoavoidbeinghurtbythestonesthrowninhisdirection.

A.duckedB.evadedC.escapedD.dodged

28.Byisolatingnegativewordsandphrases,youcan_____thedamageyou’redoingtoyourself.

A.pointoutB.pointC.pinpointD.get

29.Itdidthe_____serviceoffreeingusfromthedilemma.

A.immenseB.muchC.lotofD.innumerous

30.Sports,andnotlearning,seemto_____inthatschool.

A.appearB.occupyC.dominateD.lead

31.Thelocalpeoplecouldhardlythinkofanygoodwayto_____povertytheyhadendured.

A.shakeoffB.wardoffC.putoffD.takeoff

32.Asskiesfillwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalmiracleappearstodependonaseeming_____.Thefatterthebird,themoreefficientlyitflies.

A.interruptionB.descriptionC.qualificationD.contradiction

33.HismeetingwithPicassowasanimportant_____intheartist’slife.

A.lessonB.episodeC.sceneD.chapter

34.BordersthesedayshavelittlemeaningforSingapore-basedregional_____ofelectronicsfirmslikeSanyoandPhilips.

A.executivesB.officialsC.governorsD.servants

35.Unfortunately,thewoman’shat_____myviewofthestage.

A.blockedupB.obstructedC.preventedD.interfered

36.Meantime,roadconstructionis_____onthesiteofaproposedTumanRiverTriangle.

A.underwayB.inthewayC.ofthewayD.byway

37.Everyoneknowsthatthefireflyisa_____insect.

A.firingB.lightingC.luminiferousD.glowing

38.Preferentialpoliciesandreadycooperationdoplayarolein_____poverty.

A.alleviatingB.activatingC.assaultingD.accustoming

39.Thefactthattheseregionsare_____innaturalresourcesdoesn’tmeanlocalpeoplearewelloff.

A.adorableB.accessibleC.abundantD.ambient

40.Inspiteofaproblemwiththe____equipment,someveryusefulworkwasaccomplished.

A.imperfectB.temporaryC.emergencyD.reinstalled

Part

ReadingComprehension（30points）

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassages,decideonthebestoneofthechoicesmarkedA,B,Cand

Dforeachquestionorunfinishedstatementandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasingelbar

acrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Passage1

ThereisextraordinaryexposureintheUnitedStatesottherisksofinjuryanddeathfrommotorvehicleacidents.Morethan80percentofallhouseholdsownpassengercarsorlighttrucksandeachoftheseisdrivenanaverageofmorethan11,000mileseachyear.Almostone-halfoffatallyinjureddrivershaveabloodalcoholconcentration（BAC）of0.1percentorhigher.Fortheaverageadult,overfiveouncesof80proofspiritswouldhavetobeconsumedoverashortperiodoftimetoattaintheselevels.Athirdofdriverswhohavebeendrinking,butfewerthat4percentofalldirvers,demonstratetheselevels.Althoughlessthan1percentofdriverswithBACsof0.1percentormoreareinvolvedinfatalcrashes,theprobabilityoftheirinvolvementis27timeshigherthanforthosewithoutalcoholintheirblood.

Thereareanumberofdifferentapproachestoreducinginjuriesinwhichintoxicationplaysarole.Basedontheobservationthatexcessiveconsumptioncorrelateswiththetotalalcoholconsumptionofacountry’spopulation,ithasbeensuggestedthathighertaxesonalcoholwouldreduceboth.Whiletheheaviestdrinkerswouldbetaxedthemost,anyonewhodrinksatallwouldbepenalizedbythisapproach.

Tomakedrinkinganddrivingacriminaloffenseisanapproachdirectedonlyatintoxicateddrivers.Insomestates,thelawempowerspolicetorequestbreathtestsofdriverscitedforanytrafficoffenseandelevatedBACcanbethebasisforarrest.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationestimates,however,thatevenwithincreasedarrests,thereareabout700violationsforeveryarrest.Atthisleverthereislittleevidencethatlawsserveasdeterrentstodrinkingwhileintoxicatd.InBritain,motorvehiclefatalitiesfell25percentimmediatelyfollowingimplementationoftheRoadSafetyActin1967.AstheBritishincreasinglyrecognizedthattheycoulddrinkandnotbestopped,theeffectivenessdeclined,althoughintheensuingthreeyearsthefatalityrateseldomreachedthatobservedinthesevenyearspriortotheAct.

WhetherpenaltiesfordrivingwithahighBACorexcessivetaxationonconsumptionofalcoholicbeveragewilldetertheexcessivedrinkerresponsibleformostfatalitiesisunclear.Inpart,theanswerdependsontheextenttowhichthosewithhighBACinvolvedincrashesarecapableofcontrollingtheirintakeinresponsetoeconomicorpenalthreat.Therapeuticprogramswhichrangefromindividualandgroupcounselingandpsychotherapytochemotherapyconstituteanotherapproach,buttheyhavenotdiminishedtheproportionofaccidentsinwhichalcoholwasafactor.Inthefewcontrolledtrialsthathavebeenreported,thereislittleevidencethatrehabilitationprogramsofthoserepeatedlyarrestedfordurnkenbehaviorhavereducedeithertherecidivismorcrashinvolvementforclientsexposedtothem,althoughknowledgeandattitudeshaveimproved.Onethingisclear,however,unlesswedealwithautomobileandhighwaysafetyandreduceaccidentsinwhichalcoholicintoxicationplaysarole,manywillcontinuetodie.

41.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith_____.

A.interpretingtheresultsofsurveysontrafficfatalities

B.reviewingtheeffectivenessofattemptstocurbdrunkdriving

C.suggestingreasonsfortheprevalenceofdrunkdrivingintheUnitedStates

D.analyzingthecausesofthelargenumberofannualtrafficfatalities

42.Itcanbeinferredthatthe1967RoadSafetyActinBritain______.

A.requireddriversconvictedunderthelawtoundergorehabilitationtherapy

B.makeitillegaltodrivewhileintoxicated

C.increasedthenumberofdrunkdrivingarrests

D.placedataxonthesaleofalcoholicdrinks

43.TheauthorimplesthataBACof0.1percent_____.

A.isunreasonalbyhighasadefinitionofintoxicationforpurposesofdriving

B.