完整版Epigenetics glossary表观遗传名词解释.docx

完整版Epigenetics glossary表观遗传名词解释.docx

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完整版Epigeneticsglossary表观遗传名词解释

Epigeneticsglossary

Discoverour epigenetics glossarywithdefinitionscoveringtheneed—to—knowtermsinepigenetics.

Keyterm

Definition

3C（ChromosomeConformationCapture）

Atechniqueusedtoquantifyspecificchromatininteractionsofinterest invivo。

 Cross-linkedrestrictiondigestedchromatinfragmentsarecircularizedtodetectinteractingDNAregionsbyPCR。

4C（CircularChromosomeConformationCapture）

A3CderivativetechniqueusedtodetectunknownDNAregionsthatinteractwitharegionofinterest.UnknownDNAinteractersareamplifiedbyprimersbindingintheknownregionwhicharethendetectedbymicroarray.

5C（ChromosomeConformationCaptureCarbonCopy）

A3CderivativetechniqueusedforindepthdetectionofDNAinteracterswithaDNAregionofinterest.5CprimersannealacrossligationjunctionstoamplytheunknowninteractingDNAlibrarywhichisthencharacterizedwithmicroarrayornext—generationsequencing。

5-Carboxylcytosine（5—caC）

Thefinaloxidisedderivativeof5—methylcytosineduringitsactivedemethylationbytheTETenzymes。

 Itmayserveyetunknownbiologicalfunctionsasitsownepigeneticmark。

5-Formylcytosine（5-fc）

thepenultimateoxidisedderivativeof5—methylcytosineduringitsactivedemethylationbytheTETenzymes。

Itisenrichedatpoisedenhancersandotherregulatoryregions。

5-hydroxymethylcytosine（5hmC）

Thefirstoxidizedderivativeof5—methylcytosineduringitsactivedemethylationbytheTETenzymes.Itisenrichedinthemammalianbrainandgermcellsandmayactasitsownepigeneticmark.

Acetylation

Thecovalentadditionofanacetylgrouptoamacromolecule,mostcommonlyproteinlysineandarginineresidues。

Whenpresentonhistonesitneutralizestheirpositivechargeallowingnucleosomedecompationandenhancedgeneexpression。

Biotinylation

ThecovalentlinkageofabiotinmoleculetoamacromoleculesuchasDNAorproteintoserveasatag.Biotinisboundrapidlyandstronglybyavidinandstreptavidinproteinscreatingconjugatescoupledtofluorophorestodetectthetaggedmacromoleculetarget.   

Bisulfiteconversion

TreatmentofDNAwithsodiumbisulfiteconvertingunmethylatedcytosinetouracilwhileleaving5—methylcytosine（and5-hydroxymethylcytosine）intact。

Bisulfitesequencing

AmplificationofbisulfiteconvertedDNAwithPCRfollowedbyDNAsequencingtodifferentiateunmodifiedcytosinefrom5-methylcytosine。

Itcanbeappliedtospecificregionsortheentiregenome。

BiTS-4Cseq（BatchisolateTissueSpecific4C—seq）

Amethodtodetectchromatininteractionsatalocusofinterestinaspecificcelltype，ofteninamulticellularembryo。

Aftercrosslinkingnucleiaresortedusingflowcytometrythensubjectedtotheremainderofthe4Cprotocolinparalleltothewholeembryoforcomparison。

CaptureC

Ahighthroughput，highresolution3Ctechniqueinwhicholigonucleotidecapturetechnology（OCT）isusedafterstandard3Ctoexamineinteractionsoccurringathundredsofregionsofinterestsimultaneously.

Centromere

AspecificDNAregionwhereeachpairofsisterchromatidsareconnectedduringmitosis。

Chromatininsituproximity（ChrISP）

Atechniqueforsingle—cellanalysisofproximitiesbetweentwochromatinfibersin3—Dathighresolution.Itissimilarto insitu proximityligationassay（ISPLA）exceptproximitiesarevisualizedbyafluorescentconnectoroligonucleotideformingacircularDNA.

ChIPonChIP

Chromatinimmunoprecipitation（ChIP）usinganantibodyagainstaproteinorhistonemodificationofinterestcoupledtomicroarraytodetectenrichedDNAregions.

Citrullination

Alsoknownasdeamination，isthepost-translationalmodificationoftheaminoacidargininetocitrullineinaprotein，reducingitspositivecharge。

CombinedBisulfiteRestrictionAnalysis（COBRA）

AtechniquetoquantifyDNAmethylationataspecificlocusfromaverysmallamountofDNAbybisulfitePCRfollowedbyrestrictiondigestionatconvertedsites.

Constitutiveheterochromatin

RegionsofDNA—particularlytelomeres，centromeres，andotherrepetitivesequences—thatarecharacterizedbyhighlycompactedtranscriptionallyinactivechromatinthatgenerallycannotbecomeactive。

CRISPR

AgenomeeditingsystemutilizingtheCRISPR/Cas9endonucleasewhichistargetedtoaDNAregionofinterestbyaspecificguideRNAtoinduceDNAdoublestrandbreaks。

Cross-linkingligationandsequencingofhybrids（CLASH）

AUVcross-linking，ligation，andsequencing-basedtechniquefortheanalysisofRNA-RNAinteractionsoccurringintheproximityofanRNAbindingproteinofinterest。

Denovomethylation

ThemethylationofcytosinesinCpGsitesthatareunmethylatedonbothDNAstrandsbydenovoDNMTs。

Deamidation

Theremovalofanamidegroupfromaprotein,particularlyconvertingasparagineresiduestoamixtureofisoaspartateandaspartate.Itisinvolve