British and American Festivities欢乐体验洋节日.docx

British and American Festivities欢乐体验洋节日.docx

《British and American Festivities欢乐体验洋节日.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《British and American Festivities欢乐体验洋节日.docx（30页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

BritishandAmericanFestivities欢乐体验洋节日

BritishandAmericanFestivities

欢乐体验洋节日

第一课ColumbusDay

1ColumbusDay

ThesecondMondayofOctoberisColumbusDay!

ThisfestivityiscelebratedonlyintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Why?

DuringChristopherColumbus'timepeoplethoughttheworldwasflat.ColumbuswasborninGenoa,abeautifulItaliancityonthenorth-westcoast.

FormanyyearshewatchedshipsleavetheportofGenoa.Henoticedthattheseshipsseemedtogounderthehorizon.Hewasconvincedthattheworldwasround,butnoonebelievedhim.HewantedtoreachtheEastbysailingtotheWest.QueenIsabellaandKingFerdinandofSpainbelievedColumbus'theory.Theygavehimthreeships,theSantaMaria,theNiiiaandthePintatotravelandtestthistheory.

Columbuswasanexpertnavigator.Afteralonganddifficultvoyage,heandhismenreachedtheNorthAmericancontinenton12October,1492!

ThefamousItalianexplorerdiscoveredtheNewWorld!

AfterhisgreatdiscoveryaneweraofexplorationbeganandAmericawasborn.

TodaymostAmericanscelebrateColumbusDaywithcolourfulparadesandtheyelectaColumbusDayQueen.TheparadeisusuallylongwithbigfloatsdedicatedtoColumbusandthereareothermulti-culturalfloatstoo.Aftertheparadethereisusuallyadinneranddance.

InSanFrancisco,California,thereisalsoare-enactmentofColumbusdiscovery.Amandressesupasandseveralothermendressupashissailors.Theygetintoaboatandrowtothebeach.WhentheygetoutoftheirboattheykneelonthebeachandthankGod.

Americansenjoyrememberingthegreatnavigator

1.port：

港口城镇

2.horizon：

地平线。

3.wasconvinced：

确信

4.navigator：

导航者

5.elect：

选举

6.floats：

彩车

7.dedicatedto：

纪念

8.multi－cultural：

多种文化

9.re－enactment：

再次展现

10.dressesup：

化装

第二课Halloween

2Halloween

Halloweeniscelebratedon31October.ItisanexcitingeventintheUnitedStatesandinGreatBritain.EveryAmericancalendarhasHalloweenmarkedonit.

HalloweenhasancientCelticorigins.OntheCelticcalendarSamhainwasthelastdayofsummerandthelastdayoftheyear,31October.

TheCelticpriests,calledDruids,practisedreligiousritualsandmagiconSamhain.Theyalsopredictedthefuture.OnthisdaytheCeltsmadebigfiresanddressedinscarycostumes.Theywantedtofrightentheevilspirits.Theydressedasghosts,skeletonsandwitches.Theybelievedthatghostscameoutoftheirtombsonthenightof31October.

SamhainalsobecameaharvestfestivalaftertheRomaninvasionofBritainin43AD.Christianpracticesreplacedpaganpractices.TheChristianscalled1NovemberAllHallows'Day,thedayofAllSaints.Theeveningof31OctoberwascalledAllHallows'Eve.ThisbecameHalloween.

AtHalloweenAmericanchildreninelementaryschoolstaketheircostumesandmaskstoschool.Typical.Halloweencostumesarethewitch,ghost,skeleton,monster,vampireoralien.Youngpeoplehavefunmakingtheirowncostumes,butsomeprefertobuythem.IntheafternoonthechildrenputontheircostumesandhaveaHalloweenpartyatschool.Schoolsaredecoratedwithpumpkins,ghosts,witchesandbats.

Itisapopulartraditiontomakejacko'lanternsoutofpumpkins.Peopleputtheminfrontofthewindowsoftheirhomes.Thejacko'lanternisofCelticorigintoo.TherearefunnyHalloweengamessuchasbobbingforapples.FavouriteHalloweenfoodsarecandiedapples,nuts,liquorice,popcornandpumpkinpie.

AmericanteenagershaveaHalloweenpartyintheevening.Thepartyisusuallyintheschoolgymnasiumandeveryonewearsacostumeandmask.Thebestcostumeusuallywinsaprize.

Inthe19thcenturyIrishimmigrantstooktheirHalloweencustomstotheUnitedStates.Theyintroducedthecustomof'trick-or-treating'.AmericanandBritishchildrenandteenagersgo'trick-or-treating'onHalloweenevening.Theygofromhousetohouseintheircostumesandringdoorbells.Whenthedooropenstheyshout,'Trickortreat?

'Peopleusuallygivethemsweetsormoney.Ifnot,thechildrenplayatrick.Theywriteonwindowswithsoaporsprayshavingcreamoncarsandpeople!

Halloween：

万圣节前夕

Practiced：

举行

Rituals：

仪式

Predicted：

预言

Scary：

吓人的

Costumes：

服装

Skeletons：

骷髅

Invasion：

侵略

Eve：

前夜

typical：

典型的

vampire：

吸血鬼

alien：

外星人

aredecoratedwith：

装饰

pumpkins：

南瓜

tradition：

传统

jacko’lanterns：

杰克灯

第三课GuyFawkes’Night

3GuyFawkes’Night

ThefifthofNovemberisGuyFawkes'NightorBonfireNight.ThisisaBritishfestivity.

ThestoryofGuyFawkesgoesbacktotheearly1600's.DuringthisperiodtherewerereligiousproblemsbetweenProtestantsCatholicsinBritain.KingJamesIwasaProtestantandhepassedseverelawsagainstCatholics.Theywerenotpermittedtohavereligiousservices.

Agroupof12CatholicsdecidedtokillKingJamesIanddestroytheParliament!

TheyplannedtoblowuptheHousesofParliamenton5November1605,whentheKingwaspresent.ThiswascalledtheGunpowderPlot.

TheleaderoftheplotwasRobertCatesby.Theplottersput30barrelsofexplosivesinthecellarsundertheParliamentBuilding.

GuyFawkeswasanexpertwithexplosives.HisresponsibilitywastoguardthebarrelsofexplosivesandlightthefuseonNovember.

TheKing'ssoldiersdiscoveredtheplot!

GuyFawkeswasimmediatelyarrestedandtortured.Theotherplotterswerefoundthreedayslater.GuyFawkesandtheotherswerehanged.

Onthenightof5November1605manypeopleinLondonwerehappybecausetheplotwasdiscovered.Tocelebratetheystartedbonfiresinthestreet.SomeonemadeaneffigyofGuyFawkesandburnedit.

EversincethatdaytheBritishhavecelebratedGuyFawkes'Night.

TodayyoungpeopleinBritainmakeaGuywitholdclothesandfillhimwithnewspaper.ThentheygoaroundthestreetswiththeGuyandaskfor'apennyfortheGuy?

'Withthismoneytheybuyfireworks.

Onthenightof5NovembertherearefireworksandbigbonfirestoburntheGuy.Somepeoplehavebonfiresintheirbackgardens.Youngpeoplelovethenoise,excitementandcolourfulfireworks.

Onthisnighttheyeattoffeeapples.

InLewes,Sussex,thereisabigpublicfestivalonGuyFawkes'Night.Peopledressinhistoriccostumes.TheGuyisburnedontopofahillonanenormousbonfire.Therearealsobrilliantfireworks.

HereisarhymeaboutGuyFawkes:

‘Apennyfortheguy?

’

Remember,remember

ThefifthofNovember

Gunpowder,treasonandplot.

Iseenoreason

Whygunpowderandtreason

Shouldeverbeforgot

1.bonfire：

篝火

2.protestants：

新教徒

3.Catholics：

天主教徒

4.blowup：

炸毁

5.plotters：

密谋者

6.explosives：

炸药

7.cellars：

地窖

8.lightthefuse：

点鞭炮

9.tortured：

折磨

10.hanged：

吊死

11.effigy：

肖像

12.fireworks：

烟火

第四课Thanksgiving

4Thanksgiving

ThanksgivingisaveryimportantAmericanfestivityanditiscelebratedonthelastThursdayofNovember.However,schoolsandmanyshopsandofficesareclosedforfourdays:

Thursday,Friday,SaturdayandSunday.

ThanksgivingisaspecialdayforfamiliestobetogetherandtothankGodforalltheyhave.Americanstravelgreatdistancestobewiththeirfamiliesonthisoccasion.

WhyisThanksgivingsuchanimportantday?

ThetraditionstartedwiththePilgrims,thefoundersofAmerica.ThePilgrimsleftGreatBritainin1620becauseofreligiouspersecution.TheywantedtostartanewlifeinAmericaandpractisetheirreligioninfreedom.

Onehundredmen,womenandchildrenleftBritainonasmallshipcalledtheMayflower.Theirseavoyagewasverydifficult.ManyPilgrimsdiedduringthevoyage.

Theyarrivedonthenorth-eastcoastofNorthAmericainDecember1620andfoundedPlymouth.Theareawasawilderness.Itwasalmostwinterandtheyhadnohomesandlittlefood.

Theyimmediatelybuiltsmallhomes,Butitwastoolatetocultivatecrops.

Thewinterwasverycoldandharsh.AlmosthalfofthePilgrimsdiedbecausetheirlivingconditionswereverybad.

ThefriendlyWampanoagIndianshelpedthemduringthelongwinter.

InthespringthePilgrimsmetanIndiancalledSquanto.Heexplainedhowtogrowcorn,huntandliveinthewilderness.

SoonthePilgrimsandtheIndiansbecamegoodfriends.ThePilgrimsworkedhardandcultivatedcrops.Thesummerharvestwasexcellent.ByNovember

1621everyonehadfoodandahome.Therewashopeforthefuture.

GovernorWilliamBradford,thePilgrimleader,decidedtocelebratewithadinnerforthePilgrimsandtheIndians.HewantedtogivethankstoGod.ThiswasthefirstThanksgivingdinneranditlastedforthreedays.

TodaythetraditionalThanksgivingmealissimilartothefirst.Peopleeatroastturkey,sweetpotatoes,corn,cranberrysauceandpumpkinpie.Mostfamiliesstartthemealwithaprayer.ThelongThanksgivingweekendistheperfecttimetostart,Christmasshopping!

BigstoresandshopsareopenonFriday,SaturdayandSundayfortheChristmasshoppers.

1．Occasion：

时刻

2．Pilgrims：

清教徒

3．Founders建立者

4．Persecution：

迫害

5．Freedom：

自由

6．Founded：

创建

7．Cultivate：

种植

8．Crops：

庄稼

9．Harsh：

严酷的

第五课Christmas

Chapter5Christmas

On25DecemberGreatBritainandtheUnitedStates（andmanyothercountries）celebrateChristmas.ThewordChristmascomesfromtheOldEnglish'Cristesmaesse',Christ'smass.OnthisdayChristianscelebratethebirthofChrist.

KindnessandgivingarethespiritofChristmas.CharlesDickens,thefamousBritishwriter,wroteAChristmasCarol,astoryaboutthetruemeaningofChristmas.

WhyisChristmascelebratedon25December?

Christmascomesfromtwopaganfestivals.Peoplecelebratedthewintersolsticeon21or22December.TheRomanemperorschose25Decemberasthebirthdayofthesun（natalissolis）.

Afterthewintersolstice,thedaysbecomelongerandthesunishigherinthesky.InancientRomethiswastheseasonofSaturnalia.Saturnaliawasati