中西方饮食文化对比研究英语专业论文本科毕业论文.docx
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中西方饮食文化对比研究英语专业论文本科毕业论文
LUOYANGNORMALUNIVERSITY
2014届本科毕业论文
中西方饮食文化差异
院(系)名称
外国语学院
专业名称
英语(双学位)
学生姓名
张杨子
学号
120722066
指导教师
莫艳艳讲师
完成时间
2014年5月
LuoyangNormalUniversity
DifferentFoodCulturesBetweenChinaandtheWest
AThesisSubmitted
toForeignLanguagesCollegeof
LuoyangNormalUniversity
inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts
By
ZhangYangzi
Supervisor:
MoYanyan
May10,2014
中文摘要
饮食文化在世界文化中起着十分重要的作用,不同的国家有自己不同的饮食文化特点。
中国是一种农耕文化的陆地文化,而传统的西方文化是一种畜牧文化的海洋文化,两种不同的文化反映出人们生活方式的差异,其中饮食文化更是具有代表性的一个方面。
在此基础上,本文研究分析了中西饮食文化在各个方面的不同之处。
分析表明,在不同的文化背景下,中西方在饮食观念、饮食内容、饮食方式还是餐桌礼仪等各个方面的差异都是显而易见的。
正是这种不同饮食文化的沟通与交流,推动了全世界范围内文化的融合。
关键词:
差异;文化;饮食文化
Abstract
Inthecomplexworldculture,thedietarycultureplaysanextremelyimportantrole.ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculturecreatedthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodculture.Differentcountrieshavetheirowndietarycultures.TraditionalChinesecultureisagriculturalcultureandlandculture,whiletraditionalwesterncultureisanimalhusbandrycultureandoceanculture.Thesetwokindsofculturesreflectdiverselifestylesinwhichfoodisthemostrepresentativeaspect.Invariouslyculturalcontexts,differencesinfoodlieinconcept,object,kitchenware,tableware,ortablemanners.Andunderstandingthesedifferencescouldpromotethecommunicationofculturesintheworld.
Keywords:
difference;culture;foodculture
TableofContents
中文摘要..........................................................................................................................................Ⅰ
Abstract............................................................................................................................................Ⅱ
TableofContents.............................................................................................................................Ⅲ
1.Introduction.......….……………………………………………………………............................1
2.DietaryConcept…………………....……………………………….............................................2
2.1.ChineseDietaryConcept………......……………………………………….........................2
2.2.WesternDietaryConcept….………………….…………………..…….….........................3
3.Food…………….…………………………………………………….........................................4
3.1.Condiment……...……………....…………………………………………….......................5
3.2.SideDish……......………………………………………………………..............................5
4.TableManners……………………………………………………...............................................7
4.1.DifferencesBetweenChineseandWesternTableManners…......……....................…….....7
4.2.CharacteristicsofTableManners…………...……………………………....................…...7
4.2.1.CharacteristicsofTableMannersinChina………………….......................................8
4.2.2.CharacteristicsofTableMannersintheWest................................................................8
5.Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................9
Bibliography....................................................................................................................................10
1.Introduction
Dietisnotonlythepremiseofsocialdevelopment,butalsotheparamountmaterialbaseforhumantosurvivewithgoodhealthcondition.Intheearlystageofbarbarism,likeotheranimals,lookingforfoodtosurviveisjusttheinstinctforhumanbeings.Butwhenmanbegantousefiretocookfoodandtheyenteredtheageofcivilization,especiallythetimeofcookingwiththepottery,thefoodbecamethecreationmadebythehumanownwisdomandtheirtechnology.Thenthereistheessentialdifferenceindietbetweenhumanbeingsandanimalsthatthediethasitsculturalnature.Thusthehistoryofhumandietistobethiskindofhistorythathumanadapttonature,conquerandreformnaturetosurviveanddevelopinthenature,andthehumandietaryculturegraduallycomesintobeinginthecourseofthisprogress.Asanimportantpartofhumanculture,thedietaryculturehasageneralizedmeaningandanarrowedmeaning.Thisthesisdiscussthedietarycultureinthisnarrowsensewhichisthetotalofmaterialwealthandspiritwealthcreatedandaccumulatedinthelong-termprogressoffoodconsumption,anditistheknowledgeaboutwhattoeat,howtoeatandwhytoeat,includingdietaryobject,dietarytablewareandsoon.
Chinahasprofoundculturalheritageofdietarycultureanddietplayaforemostroleinpeople’sdailylifesothatdietaryculturetakeahugeproportioninChineseculture.Facingthedietaryculturefromothercountries,weshouldacceptorrejectthembasedonourselvescondition.Wecan’tonlychaseforenjoymentintaste,becauseitisharmfultoourphysicalhealthifweeattoomuchforeignfoodwhichisbelongtothehighcaloriesfood.However,itisobviousthatweshouldn’taimlesslyrejectallthenewobjects.UndertheinfluenceofenteringtheWTOandglobalization,theinternationalconnectionhasbecomecloserandclosersothatthecollisionandfusioninthedietaryculturealwayshappenbetweenChineseandwesterners.Granted,ittakesalongtimefortwodifferentculturestomergeandcoexistandtheremustbeanaspectthatbothsidescan’tadapttoeachother.Ifthisphenomenonoccurs,weshouldtryourbesttounderstand,respectandtolerateanothercultureinrightmanner.
ThedifferenceofdietaryculturebetweenChineseandwesternerswillarouseculturemisunderstandingincertainextent.Forexample,manyChinesethinkthatHamburger,KFCandMcDonald’sarethetypicalfoodinAmerican.Butitisnotthefact.ThefactisAmericanfoodisverycomplex.
Therefore,inthisthesis,wediscussthedifferenceofdietaryculturebetweenChineseandwesternersfromdietaryconcept,dietaryobject,cookingutensil,dietarytablewareandtablemanners.Throughthestudy,itisbeneficialforbothsidestostrengthenthecommunicationinculture,andmoreabletoeliminatetheobstaclesandmisunderstandingwhentwonationsarecommunicating,sothatpeoplecanhavein-depthunderstandingaboutthedietaryculturefromChinaandwesterncountries.Tostudybothparties’dietaryculturedifferencefromvariousaspects,itcannotonlyhelpustostrengthentheawarenessandadaptionintheculturecommunication,butalsocanenhanceourunderstanding,tolerateandaccepttheforeignculture.ThenthismakesChineseandwesterndietaryculturecanmutuallydevelopandfuseincommunication,whichitplaysaremarkableroleinboostingthedevelopmentofcultureinthewholeworld.
2.DietaryConcept
Dietisabsolutelynecessaryinmankind’slife,andevenintheexistenceordevelopment.BecauseofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishculturaltraditions,theChineseandEnglishdietaryculturesaredifferentinconcept.
2.1.ChineseDietaryConcept
InChinesedietaryculture,peopleplaymoreattentiontopursuingthetastethantoemphasizingthenutrition.Theyconsiderthatthenutritionislessimportantifthefoodisdeliciousandgood-lookingenough.ThereasonwhythereisauniquedietaryculturethateatingisontopofthelistinChinesenationisthatproductivityhasbeenalwaysundertheaveragelevelforthousandsofyearsandpeoplehavenotenoughfoodtoeat.Peopleoftensaythetasteisthemostimportantinthewholeofcolor,aromaandtaste.Inaddition,thekeyofspecialcharminChinesedietisnothingbutitstaste.Chinesethinkalotofartandsensibility,sothepursuitofdelicioustasteisalwaysthehighestmeaningindietary.However,apartofthenutritionmaylackinpursuingthedeliciousnessinChinesediet.Theshapeofthefoodistheexternalthingwhilethetasteistheinternalthing.Emphasizingtheinnerandnotdecoratingpainstakinglytheexternal,oremphasizingthetasteratherthanshowingofftheformofthedishes,istheparamountexpressioninChinesedietaryconcept.Butitdoesnottakeanycountofthecollocationofnutrition.ThemedicatedfoodappearedintheTangdynastyandnowthereisaformulationthat“diettherapyisbetterthanmedicaltreatments”,whichallreflectthatChinesepayattentiontothecollocationindietarynutritionsinceancienttimes.However,thetraditionalnutritiontheoryonlyhasavagueconceptwithoutspecificdataanalysisaswesternerstofigureoutwhatkindoffoodisgoodforhealthwithnutrition.Chinesepeoplearethinkinghighlyofeat.Breadisthestaffoflife,thisoldadageexplainedthatweseeeatingasimportantasdays.Becauseournationalforthousandsofyearsareinthelowlevelofproductivity,peoplealwaysdonothaveenoughtoeat,sotheywouldhaveauniquefoodculturethateatingisveryimportant.Ithinkthisisprobablyfromasurvivaltoneeds.LiXiaohongpointedout:
Ifacultureputateasprimary,soitwillappeartwophenomena:
ononehandwillputthefoodfunctiontoacme,notonlysurvive,butalsouseittomaintainhealthy,thisisalsotheculturebasisthat―dietcuresmorethanthedoctors.Ontheotherhand,theexcessiveattentiontoeat,itcanmakethepersonpraisehighlyofdeliciouspursuit.
2.2.WesternDietaryConcept
Inwesterndietaryculture,eatinglikeabiologicalmachineaddfuel,especiallyaboutthefood'snutritioncomposition,protein,fat,carbohydrates,vitaminsandallkindsofinorganicelementcontent,peopleplaymoreattentiontopursuingthenutritionthantoemphasizingthecolor,aromaandtaste.Thewesterndietisakindofrationaldietsothattheydevoteparticularcaretothenutritionandcollocation.Theytreatdietaryasasciencewitharealisticatti