精选河南省郑州市高一英语上学期期中试题.docx
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精选河南省郑州市高一英语上学期期中试题
2017-2018学年高一上学期期中考试
英语试题
题号
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总分
得分
一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)
A
Whetheryourelyonyourbikefortransportationorexercise,you'llenjoythesefunfactsonthistwo-wheeledvehicle.
In1817,KarlvonDrais,aGermanbaron,inventedahorselesscarriagethatwouldhelphimgetaroundfaster.Thetwo-wheeled,pedallessdevicemovedbypushingyourfeetagainsttheground.Themachinebecameknownasthe"draisine",andledtothecreationofthemodern-daybicycle.Theterm"bicycle"wasnotintroduceduntilthe1860s,whenitwascoinedinFrancetodescribeanewkindoftwo-wheelerwithamechanicaldrive.
OrvilleandWilburWright,thebrotherswhobuiltthefirstflyingairplane,operatedasmallbikerepairshopinDayton,Ohio.Theyusedtheirworkshoptobuildthe1903WrightFlyer.FredA.Birchmore,25,circledtheglobebybicyclein1935.Theentiretrip,throughEurope,Asia,andtheUnitedStates,covered40,000miles.Hepedaledabout25,000miles.Therestwastraveledbyboat.Heworeoutsevensetsoftires.
Inthe1980s,bicycledeliveryservicesdevelopedintoanimportantindustry,especiallyincities,wherethecouriers(快递员)earnedareputationfortheirhighspeedandtraffic-weavingskills.
Americansusetheirbicyclesforlessthanonepercentofallurbantrips.Europeansbikeincitiesalotmoreoften---inItaly5percentofalltripsareonbicycle,30percentintheNetherlands,and7outof8Dutchpeopleoverage15haveabike.
TheTourdeFranceisoneofthemostfamousbicycleracesintheworld.Establishedin1903,itisconsideredtobethebiggesttestofenduranceoutofallsports.LanceArmstrong,anAmericancyclist,istheonlyridertohavewon7titlesaftersurvivingcancer.
1.Theunderlinedword"coined"inthesecondparagraphcanbereplacedby______.
A.bought
B.discovered
C.printed
D.created
2.Whomadethemostimportantcontributiontothebike?
______
A.KarlvonDrais.
B.TheWrightbrothers
C.FredA.Birchmore.
D.LanceArmstrong.
3.Thecouriersinthe1980sinthecitiespreferredthebikebecauseitwas______.
A.beautifulandproducednonoise
B.asymboloffashionandwealth
C.cheapandcouldbemovedabouteasily
D.fastandrarelyaffectedbytrafficconditions.
B
ThedefeatofLeeSedol,theworld'sstrongestGo(围棋)player,byaGoogleartificialintelligence(AI)program,lookslikeanothermilestonetowardsaworldwherecomputerscandoalmostanythingahumancan.Itisnot.Thereareuncountablethingsthatonlyahumancando,andthatnocomputerseemscloseto.Theproblemisthatthepurelyhumanthingsarenoteconomicallyusefultoanyone.Thethingsthatcomputerscanbetaughttodoarebycontrasteconomicallyfantastic.Buteventhemostpowerfulprogramsarenothuman,justasashovel(铲车).Theyhavenofeelings.Whattheyhaveispower,butthispowerisgrowingataratethatshouldfrightenusall.
Itmightbelessfrighteningifcomputersweretrulyintelligent,buteventhemostpowerfulnetworksarelesshumanthanmonstrousMartians(火星人).Theirpowerwillbeusedtomakemoneyforthefirmsthatfinancetheirdevelopment,andthenforothersquickandcleverenoughtotakeadvantageofthenewworld.Itisfarmorelikelythattheywillincreaseinequalityandstillfurtherremovethemiddleclassesaswemovetowardsanhourglass(以金钱来衡量的)societyinwhicheveryoneiseitherveryrichorverypoorandlikelyindebted.
Oneoftheilleffectsofthespreadofmoreintelligentcomputernetworksis,atthesametime,thespreadofwhatmightbecalledartificialstupidity.IfAIisemployedlargelytoreplaceunskilledlabour,itismostproductivewhenlabouriskeptunskilledorredefinedthatway.Somuchoftheworkinserviceindustriesisnowsimplifieduntilitmightbeautomated(自动化).Androbotswillneverneedpensions.AIisslowlyreducingskilledwork,likesomeformsofmedicaldiagnosis(诊断),atthesametime,asolderdoctorscomplainthatthetraditionalhumanskillsofdiagnosisarefallingoutofmedicaltraining.Thebeliefthateverythingworthwhilecanbemeasuredandthenmanagedisfarmoredamagingtohumanitythanthethreatofartificialintelligenceonitsown.
ButnovictoryincomplicatedGogamescanbringusclosertotrulyhuman-likecomputers.
4.BymentioningthedefeatofLeeSedol,theauthorintendstotellusthat______.
A.computerscancompletelyreplacehumansineverything
B.humansareofnopracticaleconomicvaluestothesociety
C.thepowerofcomputersisgrowingatafrighteningrate
D.AIprogramscannotcomparewithhumanseconomically
5.WecanlearnfromParagraph2thatthepowerofcomputerswill______.
A.improvethequalityofhumanlife
B.promoteequalityatworkplaces
C.makecontributionstohumandevelopment
D.widenthegapbetweentherichandthepoor
6.Whatdoes"artificialstupidity"inParagragh3mean?
______
A.Unskilledworkersbecomestupid.
B.AIdiscouragesskilledwork.
C.Computersdon'tneedpensions.
D.AIisruiningmedicaltraining.
7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofartificialintelligence?
______
A.Optimistic.
B.Supportive.
C.Sceptical.
D.Cautious.
C
Thedecisionsthatwemakeshapeusthroughoutourlives.Nomatterwhatdecisionswemake,goodorbad,eachoneputsusonanewroadinthefuture.Makeabaddecision?
Noproblem.Learnfromthedecisionandmakeanotherdecisiontogetonadifferentpath.ThisisadvicethatIgotfromTonyRobbinsinhisbookAwakentheGiantWithin.ThisisabookthatIrecommendtoanyonewaitingtodevelopafirewithintomakechangesintheirlife.IthelpedmetounderstandhowfearofmakingpoorchoiceswashinderingmefrombecomingthegreatmanwhoIamtoday.NowIamnotsayingthatIamawell-knownpersoninanyparticularcircle.ButIamthekingofmycastleworkinghardandtryingtomakegooddecisionsinregardtothepathsthatIhavechosen.Iamagreatmanintheeyesofmywifeandmychildren.AndthatisalltherecognitionthatIneedinmylifetime.AndIknowthatmypastfailureshavebeenthebuildingblockthatIcontinuetobuildmycareerandself-imageinmycommunitythatIlivein.
BenLerer,cofounderandCEOoftheThrillistMediaGroup,isagoodexampleofthis.InanarticleontheFastCompanywebsite,Lerertalksaboutthisverysubject.Hesays,"Ihavetomakesomereallytoughdecisionsbutfinally,Ithinkthebestcompaniesarethosethatcanrecognizewhensomethingisn'tgoingright,andfixit,insteadofjustturningablindeyebecauseit'seasier."Greatpeoplemakedecisions.Whenadecisiondoesnothavethedesiredresult,makeadifferentdecision.Itdoesnotgetanysimplerthanthat.
8.FromTonyRobbins'bookAwakentheGiantWithin,thewriterknew______.
A.makingabaddecisionisveryterrible
B.makingdecisionshelpsusbecomeagreatman
C.beingafraidtomakeabaddecisionisverynatural
D.learningfromthebaddecisioncanhelpmakeanewchoice
9.Theunderlinedword"hindering"canbereplacedby______.
A.stopping
B.stealing
C.preserving
D.requiring
10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
______
A.Abaddecisionhasabadeffectonpeople
B.Thebestcompanycanadmitandcorrectabaddecision
C.Peopleshouldlearnhowtomakeagooddecision
D.Makingadecisionismuchsimplerthanchangingone
11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
______
A.OvercomeYourFears
B.TakeAction
C.Makedecisions
D.TrustYourself.
D
WhenMr.Davidretired,heboughtasmallhouseinavillagenearthesea.Helikeditandhopedtoliveaquietlifeinit.
Buttohisgreatsurprise,manytouristscametoseehishouseinsummerholidays,foritwasthemostinterestingbuildinginthevillage.Frommorningtonightthereweretouristsoutsidethehouse.TheykeptlookingintotheroomsthroughthewindowsandmanyofthemevenwentintoMr.David'sgarden.ThiswastoomuchforMr.David.Hedecidedtodrivethevisitorsaway.Soheputanoticeonthewindow.Thenoticesaid:
"Ifyouwanttosatisfyyourcuriosity,cameinandlookround.Price:
twentydollars."Mr.Davidwassurethatthevisitorswouldstopcoming,buthewaswrong.MoreandmorevisitorscameandMr.Davidhadtospendeverydayshowingthemaroundhishouse."Icameheretoretire,nottoworkasaguide."Hesaidangrily.Intheend,hesoldthehouseandmovedaway.
12.Mr.David'shousewas______thatmanytouristscametoseeit.
A.sosmall
B.soquiet
C.sointeresting
D.suchinteresting
13.Mr.Davidputanoticeonthewindowinorder______.
A.todrivethevisitorsaway
B.tosatisfythevisitor'scuriosity
C.toletvisitorscomeinandlookround
D.togetsomemoneyoutofthevisitors
14.Thenoticemadethevisitors______.
A.moreinterestedinhishouse
B.lostinterestinhishouse
C.angryattheunfairprice
D.feelhappyabouttheprice
15.AfterMr.Davidputupthenotice______.
A.thevisitorsdidn'tcomeanylonger
B.fewerandfewervisitorscametoseehishouse
C.moreandmoretouristscameforavisit
D.notouristwouldpaythemoneyforavisit
16.Atlasthehadtosellhishouseandmoveawaybecause______.
A.hedidnotlikeitatall
B.hecouldnotworkasaguide
C.hemadeenoughmoneyandwantedtobuyanewexpensivehouse
D.hecouldnotliveaquietlifeinit.
二、完形填空(本大题共20小题,共30.0分)
Aladywantedabirthdaygiftfromherhusband.Formanymonthsshehadlikedabeautiful(17),andknowingherhusbandcould(18)it,shetoldhimthatwasallshewanted.Onthemorningofthe(19),herhusbandtoldherhow(20)hewastohavesuchagoodwife,andhowmuchhelovedher.He(21)herabeautifulgiftpackage(纸盒).Sheopeneditand(22)aBible.(23),sheraisedher