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翻译论文
摘要
艾丽丝·沃克是当代美国文坛上最有影响的作家之一。
她的小说《紫色》不仅使她成了美国历史上第一位获得普利策文学奖的黑人女作家,而且使她提倡的以关注种族歧视和性别歧视为核心的妇女主义文学思想得以推广。
艾丽丝·沃克的妇女主义思想有四个鲜明的特征,即反对性别主义,反对种族主义,非洲中心主义和人文主义,这些特征在《紫色》中得到了集中体现。
本论文从妇女主义理论视角出发,展开对《紫色》的全面分析,包括揭露种族歧视和性别歧视迫使女主人公西丽丧失自我身分和自我完整性,分析黑人妇女寻找自我身份和自我完整的艰辛历程,发掘一条人与人、人与社会、人与自然和谐共处的道路。
此外,本论文还探析了妇女主义理论的意义和启示。
关键词:
妇女主义自我身份自我完整和谐共存
Abstract
AliceWalkerisoneofthemostprominentcontemporarywritersinAmerica.Hermasterpiece,TheColorPurple,wonherthePulitzerPrizeforherideologyof“womanism”,whichemphasizesbothracialdiscriminationandsexualdiscrimination,andexpandsthestruggleforblackwomen’sequalrights.Alicewalker’s“womanism”hasfourcharacteristics:
anti-sexism,anti-racism,AfracentrismandHumanism.ThisthesisintendstointerpretTheColorPurplefromtheperspectiveofwomanismthroughtheanalysisoftheblackwomen’slossofself-identity,theirplight,theirstruggletoregainself-identityandself-wholeness,aswellastheirultimatedreamtorebuildanidealharmonioussociety.Thethesisalsoexplorestheimplicationsofwomanism.
Keywords:
Womanism,Self-identity,Self-wholeness,HarmoniousCo-existing
Contents
Introduction1
1AliceWalker’sWomanistTheory3
1.1TheOriginofWomanism3
1.2TheCoreofWomanism4
2Patches--LossofSelf-identityunderDoubleOppressions5
2.1RacialOppression6
2.2SexualPatriarchalOppression7
2.2.1Celie’sStepfather’sPatriarchalDominationtoCelie8
2.2.2Celie’sHusband’sPatriarchalDominationtoCelie9
3BlackWomen’sSearchforSelf-identityandSelf-wholeness10
3.1AwakeningofSelf-Awareness10
3.2SeekingforEconomicIndependence12
3.3SearchingforBlackCultureandWomen’sTradition13
4TheReconstructionofHarmoniousCo-existingSociety15
4.1Sisterhood15
4.1.1SisterhoodbetweenCelieandNettie16
4.1.2LesibianRelationshipbetweenCelieandShug16
4.2HarmoniousRelationshipbetweenMaleandFemale17
4.2.1CelieandAlbert17
4.2.2SofiaandHarpo18
Conclusion20
Bibliography22
Introduction
AliceWalkerasanovelist,essayist,poet,biographer,shortfictionwriter,and“womanist”isoneofthemostfamousandbelovedcontemporarywritersinAmerica.SheisnotonlythefirstblackwomanwritertowinthePulitzer,butalsoisregardedas“awhollyrepresentativewriterofandforourcurrentera”byBarbaraChristian.BarbaraChristianremarksWalkerinheressayTheBlackWomanArtistasWayward,“FewcontemporaryAmericanwritershaveexaminedsomanyfacetsofsexandrace,loveandsocietalchanges,ashasWalker,withoutabandoningthepersonalgracethatdistinguisheshervoice.”Itiswell-knownthatAliceWalkercoinstheterm“womanism”toshowherownphilosophyand,throughliterarycreation,expoundsandpropagatestheideologyandaestheticsof“womanism”andconstructsherownliterarypattern.Withherdistinctivethoughtandartisticstyle,AliceWalkerisasuccessfulwriterwhowillneverbeignoredbytheliteraryworld.
In1982,AliceWalkerfinishedhernovelTheColorPurple,hermostimportantnovel,whichwasontheNewYorkTimesbestsellerslistfor25weeksandwonthePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAwardin1983.
Sinceitspublication,TheColorPurplehadarousedcriticstobothpraiseandtosharplycriticizeelementsinthenovel.First,somestudiedthethemeofTheColorPurplefromtheperspectiveoffeminism,discussedWalker’s“womanism”andprovedhergreatcontributiontotheestablishmentanddevelopmentoftheblackwomen’swritingtradition.Therepresentativeworkswere:
AWomanistOntologyofFreedomandEquality(BakerFetcher,Karen,1992)andEnterWomanistTheologyandEthics(BurrowRufusJr,1998);second,someexploredWalker’smethodsofpresentingtheblackculturaltraditionanddefiningtheblackwomen’sculturalidentity.ManycriticssawthesufferingsandrepressedcreativityoftheblackwomenasthemotifofTheColorPurple,andWalkerobviouslyplayedanactivepartinexploringandpresentingtheculturalidentityoftheblackwomen.Therepresentativeworkswere:
DefiningAfricanAmericanHeritage(DavidWhite,1999);thecriticsmostlyapprovedWalker’sachievementonthisaspect,andcontendedthatthestorywasmuchmorebrilliantthantheprevioussimilarworks.Therepresentativeworkswere:
TheEmancipationofCelie:
TheColorPurpleasawomanistBildungsroman(Sofial,Sundqvist,1996).
Similartotheforeignacademicfield,manyChinesecriticsandscholarshavedonelargeamountsofvaluableworkintheintroductionandstudyofTheColorPurple,whichcomparativelyfocusesonthemes,characters,narrativestrategies,epistolarystructure,languagecharacteristics,symbolsinthenovel,andhumanbeings.AnotherscholarYuHaiyan(2005)suggestedthatonlybyfindingafemininediscourseformandauniquevoiceincommunicationwithwomenfriendscanblackwomensubvertthepatriarchaldiscourseandreconstructtheirfemalesubjectivity;ZhangHongmin(2003)paidmuchattentiontothereligiousideologyembodiedinTheColorPurple;ZouQing(1994)exploredthemetaphoricalmeaningofdifferentcolorssuchasblack,blue,red,yellowandpurple,andsuggestedthatthethemeoftheblackwomen’sstruggleforfreedomandindependencewasstrengthenedbyusingthesecolorsymbols.WangChengyu(2006)studiedtherelationshipbetweenthecolorblueandthecolorred,pointingoutthatthecolorpurpleistheblendingofthetwocolors.
So,itcanbeseenthatthewesterncriticsandscholarsmostlyputtheirenergyintotheanalysisofculturalideology,whichstressesthesocialandhistoricalenvironmentbeyondthetextand,tosomeextent,isconfinedbythestudymethodofpoliticalandculturalcriticism.WhileresearchesinChinaonAliceWalkermainlyfocusonwritingstylesandnarrativeskills;theyseldomanalyzeitfromtheperspectiveofwomanism.Therefore,tointerpretTheColorPurpleinlightofwomanismisstillafieldworthfurtherstudyanddevelopment.ThisthesisintendstointerpretTheColorPurplefromtheperspectiveofwomanismthroughtheanalysisoftheblackwomen’slossofself-identity,theirplight,theirstruggletoregainself-identityandself-wholeness,aswellastheirultimatedreamtorebuildanidealharmonioussociety.
1AliceWalker’sWomanistTheory
TounderstandwhatAliceWalkerwantedtoexpressinTheColorPurple,weshouldfirstfullyunderstandtheword“womanist”,whichshecoinedin1983inhercollectionofessaysInSearchofOurtheMothers’Gardens:
WomanistProse.“Womanist”isacrucialvehicleforallaveragereadersandcriticstoreadthisnovelinapropercontexttoavoidmisunderstandingthecharactersinit.Therefore,theoriginandconnotationofwomanismwillbefurtherexplainedtobetterinterpretthenovel.
1.1TheOriginofWomanism
Inthe1970s,alargenumberofoutstandingwomenwriterssuchasToniCadeBambara,NtozakeShange,AngelaDavis,ToniMorrison,JuneJordan,andAliceWalkerbrokesilenceandinitiatedtheblackwomenwriting.Inthepast,blackwomenwritersseldomappearedinallkindsofpublicationsandtheyhadtoenduretheculturaloppression.Gradually,theirpositioninwritinghasbeenmarginalized.However,theAfricanAmericanwomeninthe1980sand1990sdevelopeda“voice”,aself-defined,collectiveblackwomen'sstandpointaboutblackwomanhood.Asaresultofthisstruggle,AfricanAmericanwomen’sideasandexperienceshaveachievedavisibilityunthinkableinthepast.
Withthe1983collectionInSearchofOurMothers’Gardens,Walkerintroducedtofeminismtheorytheterm“womanist”todescribethespecificityofblackfeminismandseparateditfromthewhitefeminism.Walkergaveacleardefinitionfortheterm“womanist”.Shebelievesthat:
Womanist1.Fromwomanish.(Oppositeof“girlish,”i.e.frivolous,irresponsible,notserious.)Ablackfeministorfeministofcolor.Fromtheblackfolkexpressionofmotherstofemalechildren,“Youactingwomanish,”i.e.likeawoman.Usuallyreferringtooutrageous,audacious,orcourageousorwillfulbehavior.Wantingtoknowmoreandingreaterdepththanisconsidered“good”forone.Interestedingrown-updoings.Actinggrownup.Beinggrownup.Interchangeablewithanotherblackfolkexpression:
“Youtryingtobegrown.”Responsible.Incharge.Serious.
2.Also:
Awomanwholovesotherwomen,sexuallyand/ornonsexually.Appreciatesandpreferswomen’sculture,women’semotionalflexibility(valuestearsasnaturalcounterbalanceoflaughter),andwomen’sstrength.Sometimeslovesindividualmen,sexuallyand/ornonsexually.Committedtosurvivalandwholenessofentirepeople,maleandfemale.Notaseparatist,exceptperiodically,forhealth.Traditionallyuniversalist,asin:
“Mama,whyarewebrown,pink,andyellow,andourcousinsarewhite,beige,andblack?
”Answer.:
“Well,youknowthecoloredraceisjustlikeaflowergarden,witheverycolorflowerrepresented.”Traditionallycapable,asin:
“Mama,I'mwalkingtoCanadaandI'mtakingyouandabunchofotherslaveswithme.”Reply:
“Itwouldn'tbethefirsttime.”
3.Lovesmusic.Lovesdance.Lovesthemoon.LovestheSpirit.Lovesloveandfoodandroundness.Lovesstruggle.LovestheFolk.Lovesherself.Regardless
4.Womanististofeministaspurpletolavender.(Walker,1983:
2)
1.2TheCoreofWomanism
Womanisttheologyisacriticalreflectionuponblackwomen’splaceintheworldthatGodhascreatedandtakesseriouslyblackwomen’sexperienceashumanbeingswhoaremadeintheimageofGod.OneofthegoalsofwomanisttheologyistounearththeethnographicsourceswithintheAfricanAmericancommunityinordertoreconstructknowledgeandovercomesubordination.And,finally,womanisttheologyseekstodecolonizetheAfricanmindandtoaffirmAfricanherit