翻译论文.docx

翻译论文.docx

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翻译论文

摘要

艾丽丝·沃克是当代美国文坛上最有影响的作家之一。

她的小说《紫色》不仅使她成了美国历史上第一位获得普利策文学奖的黑人女作家，而且使她提倡的以关注种族歧视和性别歧视为核心的妇女主义文学思想得以推广。

艾丽丝·沃克的妇女主义思想有四个鲜明的特征，即反对性别主义，反对种族主义，非洲中心主义和人文主义，这些特征在《紫色》中得到了集中体现。

本论文从妇女主义理论视角出发，展开对《紫色》的全面分析，包括揭露种族歧视和性别歧视迫使女主人公西丽丧失自我身分和自我完整性,分析黑人妇女寻找自我身份和自我完整的艰辛历程，发掘一条人与人、人与社会、人与自然和谐共处的道路。

此外，本论文还探析了妇女主义理论的意义和启示。

关键词：

妇女主义自我身份自我完整和谐共存

Abstract

AliceWalkerisoneofthemostprominentcontemporarywritersinAmerica.Hermasterpiece,TheColorPurple,wonherthePulitzerPrizeforherideologyof“womanism”,whichemphasizesbothracialdiscriminationandsexualdiscrimination,andexpandsthestruggleforblackwomen’sequalrights.Alicewalker’s“womanism”hasfourcharacteristics:

anti-sexism,anti-racism,AfracentrismandHumanism.ThisthesisintendstointerpretTheColorPurplefromtheperspectiveofwomanismthroughtheanalysisoftheblackwomen’slossofself-identity,theirplight,theirstruggletoregainself-identityandself-wholeness,aswellastheirultimatedreamtorebuildanidealharmonioussociety.Thethesisalsoexplorestheimplicationsofwomanism.

Keywords:

Womanism,Self-identity,Self-wholeness,HarmoniousCo-existing

Contents

Introduction1

1AliceWalker’sWomanistTheory3

1.1TheOriginofWomanism3

1.2TheCoreofWomanism4

2Patches--LossofSelf-identityunderDoubleOppressions5

2.1RacialOppression6

2.2SexualPatriarchalOppression7

2.2.1Celie’sStepfather’sPatriarchalDominationtoCelie8

2.2.2Celie’sHusband’sPatriarchalDominationtoCelie9

3BlackWomen’sSearchforSelf-identityandSelf-wholeness10

3.1AwakeningofSelf-Awareness10

3.2SeekingforEconomicIndependence12

3.3SearchingforBlackCultureandWomen’sTradition13

4TheReconstructionofHarmoniousCo-existingSociety15

4.1Sisterhood15

4.1.1SisterhoodbetweenCelieandNettie16

4.1.2LesibianRelationshipbetweenCelieandShug16

4.2HarmoniousRelationshipbetweenMaleandFemale17

4.2.1CelieandAlbert17

4.2.2SofiaandHarpo18

Conclusion20

Bibliography22

Introduction

AliceWalkerasanovelist,essayist,poet,biographer,shortfictionwriter,and“womanist”isoneofthemostfamousandbelovedcontemporarywritersinAmerica.SheisnotonlythefirstblackwomanwritertowinthePulitzer,butalsoisregardedas“awhollyrepresentativewriterofandforourcurrentera”byBarbaraChristian.BarbaraChristianremarksWalkerinheressayTheBlackWomanArtistasWayward,“FewcontemporaryAmericanwritershaveexaminedsomanyfacetsofsexandrace,loveandsocietalchanges,ashasWalker,withoutabandoningthepersonalgracethatdistinguisheshervoice.”Itiswell-knownthatAliceWalkercoinstheterm“womanism”toshowherownphilosophyand,throughliterarycreation,expoundsandpropagatestheideologyandaestheticsof“womanism”andconstructsherownliterarypattern.Withherdistinctivethoughtandartisticstyle,AliceWalkerisasuccessfulwriterwhowillneverbeignoredbytheliteraryworld.

In1982,AliceWalkerfinishedhernovelTheColorPurple,hermostimportantnovel,whichwasontheNewYorkTimesbestsellerslistfor25weeksandwonthePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAwardin1983.

Sinceitspublication,TheColorPurplehadarousedcriticstobothpraiseandtosharplycriticizeelementsinthenovel.First,somestudiedthethemeofTheColorPurplefromtheperspectiveoffeminism,discussedWalker’s“womanism”andprovedhergreatcontributiontotheestablishmentanddevelopmentoftheblackwomen’swritingtradition.Therepresentativeworkswere:

AWomanistOntologyofFreedomandEquality（BakerFetcher,Karen,1992）andEnterWomanistTheologyandEthics（BurrowRufusJr,1998）;second,someexploredWalker’smethodsofpresentingtheblackculturaltraditionanddefiningtheblackwomen’sculturalidentity.ManycriticssawthesufferingsandrepressedcreativityoftheblackwomenasthemotifofTheColorPurple,andWalkerobviouslyplayedanactivepartinexploringandpresentingtheculturalidentityoftheblackwomen.Therepresentativeworkswere:

DefiningAfricanAmericanHeritage（DavidWhite,1999）;thecriticsmostlyapprovedWalker’sachievementonthisaspect,andcontendedthatthestorywasmuchmorebrilliantthantheprevioussimilarworks.Therepresentativeworkswere:

TheEmancipationofCelie:

TheColorPurpleasawomanistBildungsroman（Sofial,Sundqvist,1996）.

Similartotheforeignacademicfield,manyChinesecriticsandscholarshavedonelargeamountsofvaluableworkintheintroductionandstudyofTheColorPurple,whichcomparativelyfocusesonthemes,characters,narrativestrategies,epistolarystructure,languagecharacteristics,symbolsinthenovel,andhumanbeings.AnotherscholarYuHaiyan（2005）suggestedthatonlybyfindingafemininediscourseformandauniquevoiceincommunicationwithwomenfriendscanblackwomensubvertthepatriarchaldiscourseandreconstructtheirfemalesubjectivity;ZhangHongmin（2003）paidmuchattentiontothereligiousideologyembodiedinTheColorPurple;ZouQing（1994）exploredthemetaphoricalmeaningofdifferentcolorssuchasblack,blue,red,yellowandpurple,andsuggestedthatthethemeoftheblackwomen’sstruggleforfreedomandindependencewasstrengthenedbyusingthesecolorsymbols.WangChengyu（2006）studiedtherelationshipbetweenthecolorblueandthecolorred,pointingoutthatthecolorpurpleistheblendingofthetwocolors.

So,itcanbeseenthatthewesterncriticsandscholarsmostlyputtheirenergyintotheanalysisofculturalideology,whichstressesthesocialandhistoricalenvironmentbeyondthetextand,tosomeextent,isconfinedbythestudymethodofpoliticalandculturalcriticism.WhileresearchesinChinaonAliceWalkermainlyfocusonwritingstylesandnarrativeskills;theyseldomanalyzeitfromtheperspectiveofwomanism.Therefore,tointerpretTheColorPurpleinlightofwomanismisstillafieldworthfurtherstudyanddevelopment.ThisthesisintendstointerpretTheColorPurplefromtheperspectiveofwomanismthroughtheanalysisoftheblackwomen’slossofself-identity,theirplight,theirstruggletoregainself-identityandself-wholeness,aswellastheirultimatedreamtorebuildanidealharmonioussociety.

1AliceWalker’sWomanistTheory

TounderstandwhatAliceWalkerwantedtoexpressinTheColorPurple,weshouldfirstfullyunderstandtheword“womanist”,whichshecoinedin1983inhercollectionofessaysInSearchofOurtheMothers’Gardens:

WomanistProse.“Womanist”isacrucialvehicleforallaveragereadersandcriticstoreadthisnovelinapropercontexttoavoidmisunderstandingthecharactersinit.Therefore,theoriginandconnotationofwomanismwillbefurtherexplainedtobetterinterpretthenovel.

1.1TheOriginofWomanism

Inthe1970s,alargenumberofoutstandingwomenwriterssuchasToniCadeBambara,NtozakeShange,AngelaDavis,ToniMorrison,JuneJordan,andAliceWalkerbrokesilenceandinitiatedtheblackwomenwriting.Inthepast,blackwomenwritersseldomappearedinallkindsofpublicationsandtheyhadtoenduretheculturaloppression.Gradually,theirpositioninwritinghasbeenmarginalized.However,theAfricanAmericanwomeninthe1980sand1990sdevelopeda“voice”,aself-defined,collectiveblackwomen'sstandpointaboutblackwomanhood.Asaresultofthisstruggle,AfricanAmericanwomen’sideasandexperienceshaveachievedavisibilityunthinkableinthepast.

Withthe1983collectionInSearchofOurMothers’Gardens,Walkerintroducedtofeminismtheorytheterm“womanist”todescribethespecificityofblackfeminismandseparateditfromthewhitefeminism.Walkergaveacleardefinitionfortheterm“womanist”.Shebelievesthat:

Womanist1.Fromwomanish.（Oppositeof“girlish,”i.e.frivolous,irresponsible,notserious.）Ablackfeministorfeministofcolor.Fromtheblackfolkexpressionofmotherstofemalechildren,“Youactingwomanish,”i.e.likeawoman.Usuallyreferringtooutrageous,audacious,orcourageousorwillfulbehavior.Wantingtoknowmoreandingreaterdepththanisconsidered“good”forone.Interestedingrown-updoings.Actinggrownup.Beinggrownup.Interchangeablewithanotherblackfolkexpression:

“Youtryingtobegrown.”Responsible.Incharge.Serious.

2.Also:

Awomanwholovesotherwomen,sexuallyand/ornonsexually.Appreciatesandpreferswomen’sculture,women’semotionalflexibility（valuestearsasnaturalcounterbalanceoflaughter）,andwomen’sstrength.Sometimeslovesindividualmen,sexuallyand/ornonsexually.Committedtosurvivalandwholenessofentirepeople,maleandfemale.Notaseparatist,exceptperiodically,forhealth.Traditionallyuniversalist,asin:

“Mama,whyarewebrown,pink,andyellow,andourcousinsarewhite,beige,andblack?

”Answer.:

“Well,youknowthecoloredraceisjustlikeaflowergarden,witheverycolorflowerrepresented.”Traditionallycapable,asin:

“Mama,I'mwalkingtoCanadaandI'mtakingyouandabunchofotherslaveswithme.”Reply:

“Itwouldn'tbethefirsttime.”

3.Lovesmusic.Lovesdance.Lovesthemoon.LovestheSpirit.Lovesloveandfoodandroundness.Lovesstruggle.LovestheFolk.Lovesherself.Regardless

4.Womanististofeministaspurpletolavender.（Walker,1983:

2）

1.2TheCoreofWomanism

Womanisttheologyisacriticalreflectionuponblackwomen’splaceintheworldthatGodhascreatedandtakesseriouslyblackwomen’sexperienceashumanbeingswhoaremadeintheimageofGod.OneofthegoalsofwomanisttheologyistounearththeethnographicsourceswithintheAfricanAmericancommunityinordertoreconstructknowledgeandovercomesubordination.And,finally,womanisttheologyseekstodecolonizetheAfricanmindandtoaffirmAfricanherit