专题14 阅读理解主旨大意题 拔高练习解析版 高中英语寒假辅导讲义.docx

专题14 阅读理解主旨大意题 拔高练习解析版 高中英语寒假辅导讲义.docx

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专题14阅读理解主旨大意题拔高练习解析版高中英语寒假辅导讲义

专题14阅读理解（主旨大意题）

一

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?

It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution（解决方案）.“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?

’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（影响）oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?

GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.

【文章大意】本文介绍了美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH计划。

参与这个计划的高中生制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来，把空间技术带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，这项计划实施结果会影响到学生的生活和大学的录取。

1.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?

A.Theyarehardtogetridof.

B.Theyleadtoairpollution.

C.Theyappeardifferentforms.

D.Theydamagetheinstruments.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。

题干：

关于国际空间站的细菌，我们知道什么？

根据“bacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation”，将答案定位在第一段的第二句：

Themicroorganisms（微生物）fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.（来自我们身体的微生物肆虐地在空间站的表面生长，宇航员每周花费好几个小时来清理他们。

）选项A符合文意。

2.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.

B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.

D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。

题干：

HUNCH项目的目的是什么？

根据第二段第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”（设计HUNCH这个项目是为了将高中教育同NASA工程师连接起来）。

选项D符合文意。

3.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?

A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns

C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。

题干：

NASA工程师会为参加该项目的学生做什么？

根据“engineers”将答案定位在两处：

“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”和“…hisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.”第一处工程师是主语；第二处学生是主语。

题干问的是工程师做什么（即工程师是工作的施行者），所以答案应该在第一处，“工程师会过来亲自审查，而且有时候搞得很不愉快，这可是真正的商业产品检验呢”。

A选项符合文意。

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NASA:

TheHomeofAstronauts.

B.Space:

TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.

C.Nature:

AnOutdoorClassroom.

D.HUNCH:

ACollegeAdmissionReform.

【答案】B

【解析】文章主旨题。

题干：

对本文最切题的标题应该是？

本文核心内容是美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH计划将航天技术与学校教育结合起来。

只有B选项出现了航天相关词汇（space）和教育相关词汇（homework），故选B。

二

We’veallbeenthere:

inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

What’stheproblem?

It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（润滑剂）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”

Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction（互动）withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral（边缘的）membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”

Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.

【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。

在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或挣扎于不舒服的沉默，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。

但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。

1.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Addictiontosmartphones.

B.Impatiencewithslowservice.

C.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.

D.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。

题干：

第一段描述了什么样的现象？

第一段第一句“We’veallbeenthere:

inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.”不管是在电梯里，在银行排队的时候，还是在飞机上，我们以及我们身边的人都深陷于手机的世界里，或者更糟糕的是，挣扎于不舒服的沉默。

D选项（陌生人之间没有沟通交流）最符合文意。

2.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?

A.Showinggoodmanners.

B.Focusingonatopic.

C.Relatingtootherpeople.

D.Makingbusinessdeals.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

题干：

Carducci认为，对于成功的闲聊，最重要的是什么？

根据“successfulsmalltalk”将答案定位在第二段最后一句：

Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem（成功闲聊的关键是，要学会如何同他人建立联系，不仅仅是和他们交流）。

C选项符合文意。

3.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?

A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.

B.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.

C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.

D.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。

题干：

关于闲聊，在咖啡厅的一次调研说明了什么？

根据“coffee-shopstudy”和“suggest”，将答案定位在第三段的第三句“Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.”调研结果显示，那些在咖啡厅同服务员闲聊的人产生更积极向上的情绪，咖啡厅里的体验也更好。

选项B符合文意。

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BenefitsofSmallTalk

B.WaysofMakingSmallTalk

C.ConversationCounts

D.UncomfortableSilence

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。

题干：

以下哪个标题最符合本文？

快速浏览全文，几乎每段都提到了smalltalks，而且都是讲smalltalks的好处。

故选A。

三

IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration（含量）ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinSo-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.

Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.

Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging（包装）itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.

Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive（动机）forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?

Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap（气泡垫）thatencasedyourtelevision?

Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.

【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害及相关解决措施。

1.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat__________.

A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall

B.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetals

C.E-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof

D.th