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图表作文
图表作文
一、写作技巧
图表作文即根据图表所提供的材料作文。
写作步骤如下:
1.审题:
阅读题目及提示
2.看图:
搞清图表所包含的信息、数据
3.析图:
找出变化规律,提出相关的问题
4.解题
5.提纲
提纲一般包括三部分:
描述图表、分析问题、结论。
描述图表是应注意以下几点:
1.无须纠缠图表细节
2.注重图表所表达的总的趋势和规律
3.注意动词时态。
叙述特定的过去时间的情况用过去时,叙述自己的评述或经常出现的情况用一般现在时。
所有的图表有以下几种类型:
A.表格(Table)
表格有数字表格和文字表格两种。
这种图表的优点是条理清楚,一目了然。
(ChangesinPeople’sDiet)(TheWorld’sLargestAgingCountry)
ChangesinPeople’sDiet
1.Statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.
2.Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges
3.Drawyourownconclusions.
Food/Year
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Grain
49%
47%
46.5%
45%
45%
Milk
10%
11%
11%
12%
13%
Meat
17%
20%
22.5%
23%
21%
FruitandVegetables
24%
22%
20%
20%
21%
Total
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Fromthistable,wecanseethatinthepastfiveyears,somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople’sdiet.Theproportionofgrain,whichisthemainfoodofChinesepeople,hasdecreasedby4%in1990comparedwith1986.Onthecontrary,theconsumptionofsomehigh-energyfoodhasbeenincreasingsteadily.Milkandmeatincreasedby2%andby4%respectively.Fruitandvegetableshaveslightlydecreasedduringthisperiod.
Thechangesinpeople’sdietindicatesthechangesinpeople’slivingstandardandlifestyle.Ontheonehand,morevarietiesoffoodareavailablewiththedevelopmentofChina’seconomy.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanaffordtobuyfoodwithbetternutrition.Theypaymoreattentiontothequalityoffoodandthestructureoftheirdiet.
Inconclusion,thetableshowsthatthepeople’slivingstandardhasbeenrisingyearbyyear.Furtherchangesinpeople’sdietcanbeexpectedinthefuture.
TheWorld’sLargestAgingCountry
Period
PopulationAged60andAbove(million)
ProportionofTotal(%)
1996
100
8.3
2002
130
10.2
2020
230
15.6
2050
410
27.4
(TrendofPopulationinChina)
TheWorld’sLargestAgingCountry
Nowadays,theproblemofagingpopulationisbecomingmoreandmoreseriousinChina.Accordingtothetable,thenumberofelderlypeopleaged60andabovereached100million,occupying8.3%ofthetotalpopulationin1996.Sixyearslater,thenumberofthatagenumbered130million,accountingforover10%ofChina’stotalpopulation.Itisestimatedthatbythemiddleofthenextcentury,thepopulationoftheagedinChinawillreachitspeakperiod,makingup27.4percentofthetotal,andthusmakingChinatheworld’slargestagingcountry.
TheproblemofagingpopulationismainlyattributedtothequickdevelopmentofChina’seconomy,theriseinpeople’slivingstandardandtheimprovementofmedicalconditions.Becauseofthesereasons,thebirthanddeathratesinChinahaverapidlydroppedoverthepastdecades,whichhasacceleratedtheprocessoftheagingofChina’spopulation.
Confrontingtherapidityofthepopulation’saging,weshouldtakecountermeasuresimmediately.Firstofall,weshouldparmoreattentiontosocialsecurity,welfareandservice.Secondly,family-agecareshouldbeencouraged,formostoftheelderlypeoplehavetorelyontheirfamilyforfinancialandemotionalsupport.Finally,weshouldsetupmoreentertainmentandrecreationcenterstoenricholdpeople’slife.
B.条形图(BarGraph,Chart)
条形图用高度或长度表示不同的数量。
分析条形图要注意:
a.图例含义
b.横轴和纵轴所代表的内容
c.克度单位和量值观(StudentUseofComputers)
Averagenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweek
1.上图所示为1990、1995、2000年某校大学生使用计算机的情况,请描述其变化;
2.请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明);
3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用方面中有什么困难或问题。
StudentUseofComputers
Asshowninthechartabove,wecanclearlyseeadramaticincreaseintheaveragenumberofhoursacollegestudentspendsonthecomputerperweek.In1990,astudentspentonly2hoursaweekonthecomputer,whereasthenumberincreasedto20hoursbytheyear2000.
Whathascausedsuchanincrease?
First,computersarenowwidelyusedinoursociety,especiallyinuniversities.Nowadays,computersareusedtowrite,read,calculateandplaygames.Secondly,pricesofcomputershavebeengoingdown(dropping)veryquickly.Inearly1990s,a286wouldcostover35,000RMB.NowyoucanbuyaPentiumIVwithonlyseveralthousandyuanoranIBMlaptopwithabout15,000yuan.Soit’spossibleforacollegestudenttoaffordacomputer.Besides,It’sveryeasytofindnetbarsinthecityanditisverycheaptousecomputersinthenetbars.
Itiscertainlyagoodphenomenonthatmoreandmorestudentsaremakinguseofcomputersintheirstudy.However,therearestillsomeproblemsandworrieswhichneedourattention.First,manystudentsusecomputersonlytoplaygamesorchatontheInternet.Aroundthecampus,wecanoftenseeInternetbarsfullofstudentsevendeepatnight.Longhoursofsittingatthecomputerisnogoodtoone’shealthandalsoaffectsone’sstudyifheonlychatsandplaysontheInternet.Second,studentsmaybecometoodependentoncomputersandforgettolearnsomebasicskills.Whenaskedtowritecompositionsduringatest,somestudentscomplainthattheyfindtheirbrainsblankifnotfacingacomputerandtypinghiscompositionsout.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontotheseproblemsandtrytosolvethemsothatcomputerswillserveusbetterandbetter.
1988—10%1993—50%1998—38%
Thisgraphshowsthechangesinnumberofundergraduatestudentswhotookparttimejobsin1988,1993and1998.Brieflydescribethegraphandthenlistasmanyreasonsaspossibleforthosechanges.
ChangesintheNumbersofStudentsTakingPart-timeJobs
Thisgraphindicatesthenumbersofundergraduatestudentswhotookpart-timejobs.In1988,thenumberofstudentswhodidtemporaryjobsmadeupabout10%.However,thenumberincreasedquicklyto50%in1993.Surprisingly,itdroppedto38percentin1998.
Ithinkthereasonsforthesechangesareasfollows:
In1988,thetuitionfeesincollegewerecomparativelylowandthestudentsdidnothavethesenseofearningmoneytopayfortheirstudy.Meanwhile,market-economywaslessdevelopedandtherewerefewchancestofindpart-timejobs.In1993,withtherapideconomicdevelopmentandthenewcollegetuitionfeespolicybeingputintopractice,morestudentswantedtoearnsomemoneytolightentheirparents’burdenaswellaspracticetheirknowledgeandgetsomeexperiencefortheirfuturecareer.Ontheotherhand,themarketwascomparativelymatureandwasabletooffermoretemporaryjobs.Andthen,in1998,perhapsthepart-timejobmarketshowedsomeshortcomingsandfailedthestudents.Moststudentsfeltthehighrequirementsofcompetenceinthesocietyanddecidedtoconcentrateontheirstudyandaccumulateknowledgefortheirfutureinsteadofthatofmoney.Sothenumberofcollegestudentswhotookpart-timejobsdeclinedto38percent.
C.圆形图(Piechart)应注意圆形图表总体和部分、部分和部分之间的比例关系。
整个圆表示总体,契形表示部分。
有时附有数值表加以具体说明。
(AverageFamilyExpensesinShanghai)
AverageIncome3800yuan(1989)
AverageIncome8400Yuan(1993)
AverageFamilyExpensesinShanghai
Accordingtotwopiechartsabove,wecanseethattheaveragefamilyincomeinShanghaiincreasedfrom3800yuanperyearin1989to8400yuanin1993.Becauseoftheincrease,thewayinwhichanaveragefamilyspendsitsincomealsochanged.
In1989,theincomewasspenton7sectionsinthefollowingproportions:
5%onsaving,5%onhousing,7%onentertainment,8%onfuel,18%onclothing,25%onfoodandtheremaining32%wasexpenditureonotheritems.
In1993,thepicturewasalittlebitdifferent.62%ofthetotalwasspentonfood,drinkandclothing.Theproportiononhousingshowedslightdropbuttheamountpaidonhousingincreasedabit.Theproportionofentertainmentandsavingremainedthesameasin1989,whiletherewasaslightincreaseof2%onfuel.
Itcanbededucedthatasincomerises,peoplecanaffordtobuymoreandbetterfoodandclothes.Fewpeople,however,spendmoremoneyonnewhouses.
Averagemonthlyexpenseofacollegestudent’s
Total:
RMB200
1.describethechart
2.whatisyouropinionabouttheproportionofeachitem
3.Anychangesnecessary?
DoyouknowthatacollegestudentspendRMB200yuanpermonthontheaverage?
Theabovepiechartconsistsof6segments,thelargestoneisusedonfood,whichaccountsfor60%ofthetotal.Clothesandentertainmenttakesup10%respectively.5%goestotransportationand3%tobooks.Alltherestexpenses,occupying12%ofall,isspentonunknownitems.
Fromtheaboveinformation,wefindthatcollegestudentscan,onthewhole,reasonablyplantheirmonthlybudget.Usually,collegestudentsneedtobeconcernedabouttheirstudies,food,clothing,transportationandsoon.Alltheitemsareincludedintheabovepiegraph,whichdisplaysanadequateintakeoffood,moderateexpensesconcerningclothes,entertainment,andtransportation;besides,booksarealsoanoutletofthetotalexpenses.Inaword,apartfromgettingenoughnutrition,collegestudentsareabletoarrangeworkandplayappropriately.
Butinmyopinion,collegestudentsmightaswellspendalittlemoreonbooks.Inthatcase,youcangetmoreinformationandenlargeyourknowledgerange.Whenyougraduate,youwillhavearichcollectionoflifelongtreasures.
D.曲线图(Linegraph)
曲线图用来表示两个或多个量值间的关系,每条线表示一个比较项。
曲线的延伸表示事物的发展方向。
横轴表示时间或自变量,纵轴表示可变量。
(FilmisGivingWaytoTV)
1.电影观众越来越少
2.电视观众越来越多,因为…
3.然而,还是有人喜欢看电影,因为…
FilmisGivingWaytoTV
FilmisgivingwaytoTV.Accordingtothelateststatisticsonthenumberoffilm-goersandTV-watchersinaten-yearperiod,thatisfrom1975to1985,thenumberoffilm-goersdeclinedsharplytoabout15thousandin1985,whichwas20%ofthatin
二、常用句型
1.常用开篇句型
Pattern1
Asisshownin(Accordingto,Ascanbeseenfrom)thepicture(table,chart,graph,cartoon,figures),wecanseethat…