第三章冠词.docx
《第三章冠词.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第三章冠词.docx(27页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
第三章冠词
第三章冠词
冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,通常放在一个名词的前面,帮助说明该名词的词义。
冠词有两种:
定冠词和不定冠词。
高考试题中对冠词的考查主要从以下几个方面:
一、a/an与the的区别
[高考试题传真]
①Thisis______housewhereweoncelived.(1985)
A.theB.thisC.thatD.a
②Whichis______country,CanadaorAustralia?
(1992)
A.alargeB.largerC.alargerD.thelarger
③----Ifyoudon'tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.
----OK,butdoyouhave______size?
Theoneisabittightforme.(1993)
A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger
④Sheis_______newcomerto_______chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.(1994)
A.the;theB.the;(不填)C.a;(不填)D.a;the
⑤---Haveyouseen_______pen?
Ileftitherethismorning.
---Isit________blackone?
Ithinksawitsomewhere.(1997)
A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a
⑥Jumpingoutof_______airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_____excitingexperience.(2002)
A.不填;theB.不填;anC.an;anD.the;the
⑦Hegreetedmewith______Good-morning!
andledmetothedirector’soffice(1985,上海)
A.theB.aC.anD.one
⑧Pleasepayattentiontoyourspelling.You’vedropped______“m”here.(1989,上海)
A.anB.theC./D.a
Keys:
①A②D③B④C⑤D⑥C⑦B⑧A
不定冠词主要用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,包括a、an两种形式,a用于辅音音素开头的名词前面,an用于元音音素开头的名词前面。
例如:
atelephone,adrawer,anadvertisement,anaeroplane。
the多用于特指的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词之前。
教你巧学巧记:
初学英语的同学,往往把不定冠词a和an混用,你可用这样一句话记住他们的用法:
不见原因(元音),别施“恩(n)”。
如:
一位老师ateacher
一位英语老师anEnglishteacher
一个男人aman
一位老人anoldman
如果你再能再记住下面这句话,你就能顺利闯过这个难关。
MrLihasonefox.(李先生有一只狐狸。
)这句话囊括了字母表里前面用不定冠词an的所有字母——假若这些字母作为一个独立的单词使用的话。
这些字母是:
a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x。
除这些字母外,其余的字母前面就用不定冠词a。
二、a/an的使用特例
⑴一些表示情感的不可数名词,如feeling,honour,joy,pity,pleasure,surprise等,在表示一种心理情感时(前面多有一个描绘性的形容词),需加不定冠词。
[高考试题传真]
1Shehadafeelingthatthesad-lookingmanwasnotapersonshecouldtrust
ABC
ortalk.(1991,上海)(注:
afeeling没有错误)
D
②Oh,John.______________yougiveus!
(1990)
A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise
C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise
Keys:
①D②C
⑵不可数名词danger,difficulty,disappointment,failure,help,success,wonder等,在表示“一种……人或物”时,前面加不定冠词。
例如:
①Heisasuccess.他取得了成功。
(他是一个成功者。
)
②Themeetingisasuccess.会议取得了成功。
(这是一次成功的会议。
)
⑶不可数名词education,history,knowledge,population,time,world等,在表述其某一部分或某一方面的内容、概念时,前面常加不定冠词(haveahistory/knowledge/population...可视为固定搭配)。
[高考试题传真]
①Wouldn'titbe_________wonderfulworldifallnationslivedin_______peacewithoneanother.(1994)
A.a;(不填)B.the;(不填)C.a;theD.the;the
②Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave______atschool.(1994)
A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertime
C.muchhappiertimeD.amuchhappiertime
③Wewaited_________forthebus.(1995,上海)
A.longtimeB.alongtimeC.thelongtimeD.somelongtime
④Manypeopleagreethat__________knowledgeofEnglishisamustin______internationaltradetoday.(1996)
A.a;XB.the;anC.the;theD.X;the
Keys:
①A②D③B④A
⑷物质名词coffee,food,tea,fog,rain,snow,wind等,在表示“一种”或“一场”的意义(常有形容词修饰)时,前面要加不定冠词。
例如:
ablacktea(一种红茶)aheavyrain(一场大雨)
⑸具有动作意义的抽象名词在与动词have,take,make,give,letout等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时,此抽象名词前的冠词一般不可缺少。
常见的这类短语有:
①havealook/walk/rest/test/try/bath/break
takealook/walk/swim/rest/bath
givealaugh/smile/shout/talk/whistle
[高考试题传真]
Thecrowdgatheredattheentrancetothehotel,hopingtobeluckyenoughtohavelook
ABCD
atthepopsinger.(1996,上海)
Keys:
D
⑹在同源宾语中,与动词“同源”的名词前一般要加不定冠词。
例如:
diea...death;dreama...dream;fighta...battle;havea...sleep;have/lead/livea...life;smilea...smile
[高考试题传真]
Thepoorpeasantsallhada_________lifebeforetheliberation.(1978)
A.sufferedB.cruelC.bitter
Keys:
C
⑺含有不定冠词的习语或结构
[高考试题传真]
①Willyou_______meafavour,please?
(1991)
A.giveB.makeC.doD.doing
②---Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.
---OK,butdoyouhave_______size?
Theoneisabittightforme.(1993)
A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger
③Whenyoudofine,closework,suchasreadingorembroidering,raiseyoureyes_____andlookintothedistance.(1987,上海)
A.onceinawhileB.onceforawhile
C.onceatawhileD.onceuponawhile
④I’mafraidMrBrownisn’tin.Wouldyouliketo_______amessage?
(1991,上海)
A.giveB.leaveC.carryD.take
Keys:
①C②B③A④B
1)与时间和方式有关的:
amomentago;afterawhile/moment/minute;foratime;halfanhour;inawhile/moment/minute;inaninstant;justaminute/moment;onceinawhile;onceuponatime;threemealsaday;twiceaweek
allofsudden;asaresult;asarule;asamatterof;ina...way;inahurry;inaloud/lowvoice;inaword;witha...hand;withasmile
2)与一些常用动词构成的搭配:
catch(a)cold;doagooddeed;getacold;getinaword;giveaconcert/lesson;gooutforawalk;haveacold/cough/fever/headache/pain;haveagoodtime;haveamatch/meeting;makeaface;makeaneffort;makealiving;makealiving;makeamistake;makeanoise;makeaspeech;makeastart;makeanapology;makeitarule;payavisit;takeaseat;takeamessagefor;takeaninterestin;keepaneyeon;lendsb.ahand
[注意]由于makeaface/mistake等词组中的名词是可数的,因而它们也有其复数形式makefaces/mistakes等,但也有结构习惯上只仅以复数形式出现。
[高考试题传真]
①Frankisthekindofpersonwhompeopleliketo______.(1983)
A.makefriendwithB.makefriendsof
C.makefriendsD.makefriendswith
②John_______Henrywhentheymetattheairport.(1984)
A.shakeshandwithB.shakeshandswith
C.shakehandwithD.shookhandswith
Keys:
①D②D
三、不定冠词a(n)的特殊位置
[高考试题传真]
①Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_____itisascience.(NMET2001)
A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchD.asmuchanartas
②________boxcannotbeliftedbyaboyoffive.(1992,上海)
A.SoaheavyB.Soheavya
C.AsuchheavyD.Suchheavya
③________fromBeijingtoLondon!
(1993)
A.HowlongwayitisB.Whatlongwayisit
C.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis
Keys:
①D②B③D
不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词之前,如果名词之前有形容词则位于形容词之前,如aroom,abigroom。
但有时它的位置特殊,其常见情况如下:
1.当名词被many,half,such,what等词修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。
例如:
Manyamanhastried.
Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.
Ihavewaitedforhalfanhour.
Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!
2.当名词前面的形容词有how,however,so,as,too等副词修饰时,不定冠词置于形容词之后。
例如:
Heisasgoodateacherasyou.
Socleveramanasheis,hecan’tbecheated.
Thisistoosmallahatforhim.
Howbeautifulagirlsheis!
3.当单数可数名词前的形容词被quite修饰时,不定冠词放在quite之后。
例如:
Todayisquiteahotday!
注意:
rather修饰形容词时,a/an可放在rather前,也可放在rather之后。
例如:
Swimmingbecameratherapopularexercise.
Hecameafteraratherlongtime.
四、the的使用场合
⑴特指双方都清楚的内容时,名词(无论何种名词)前面常加the(如前面的考题1、2)。
[高考试题传真]
①----WhereisJack?
----Ithinkheisstillin_______bed,buthemightjustbein______bathroom.(1992)
A.不填;不填B.the;theC.the;不填D.不填;the
②________friendsBettyhadmadetherewereallinvitedtoherbirthdayparty.(上海97)
A.FewofB.FewC.ThefewD.Afew
③Thewarmthof______sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof______woolused.(2001全国)
A.the;theB.the;不填C.不填;theD.不填;不填
Keys:
①D②C③B
⑵一些与天文、地理有关的名词前习惯上常加the。
[高考试题传真]
①Beyond______stars,theastronautssawnothingbut_______space.(1990)
A.the;不填B.不填;theC.不填;不填D.the;the
②Summersin_______southofFrancearefor_______mostpartdryandsunny.(2000,春季)
A.(不填);aB.the;(不填)C.(不填);(不填)D.the;the
Keys:
①A②D
比较:
intheuniverse/sky,但:
inspace/heaven等。
⑶表示类属的单数名词前加the。
[高考试题传真]
AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_______telephonein1876.(1991)
A.不填B.aC.theD.one
Keys:
C
⑷有普通名词构成的专有名词前常加the。
[高考试题传真]
Myfathertoldmehewassoongoingtovisit________.(1981)
A.theUnitedStateB.theUnitedStatesC.UnitedStatesD.UnitedState
Keys:
B
⑸乐器名词前要加the。
[高考试题传真]
①Aliceisfondofplaying______pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto______music.(1989)
A.不填;theB.不填;不填C.the;不填D.the;the
②Afterwatching______TV,sheplayed_______violinforanhour.(1991)
A.不填;不填B.the;theC.the;不填D.不填;the
Keys:
①C②D
⑹序数词和形容词最高级前常加the。
[高考试题传真]
①______cavethatGeorgehasdiscoveredinhislifetimeisnearAlps.(1992,上海)
A.HundredthB.ThehundredC.ThehundredthD.Ahundredth
②Papermoneywasin______useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin_____thirteenthcentury.(1999)
A.the;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.不填;不填
③Whois________ofyouthree?
(1978)
A.olderB.oldestC.theoldest
④Johnhasthreesisters.Maryisthe______ofthethree.(1988)
A.mostcleverestB.morecleverC.cleverestD.cleverer
⑤Thesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechose______oneasshedidn'twanttospendtoomuchmoneyonit.(1991,上海)
A.thelessexpensiveB.lessexpensive
C.theleastexpensiveD.leastexpensive
⑥---Where’s_______nearestbookstore?
---There’soneat_______endofthestreet.(2000上海春季)
A.the;anB.a;theC.the;theD.a;an
Keys:
①C②C③C④C⑤C⑥C
[注意]表达分数的序数词前不加the。
[高考试题传真]
About_______oftheworkersinthatsteelworksareyoungpeople.(1983)
A.third-fifthsB.three-fifthsC.three-fivesD.three-fifth
Keys:
B
另外,序数词前也可加不定冠词,表达在原基础上“又一”的内涵。
试比较:
thethird第三athird又一个/次(原已有两个/次)
⑺姓氏复数名词前加the表示夫妻两人或一家人。
[高考试题传真]
①_____willmakeatriparoundtheworldduringthecomingChristmas.(1993,上海)
A.TheEvansB.TheEvans'C.TheEvansesD.Evanses'
②---Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?
---_______.(1998,上海)
A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s
Keys:
①C②C
⑻在强调(或暗含)“两者中较……”意义的句型中,比较级前加the。
[高考试题传真]
①Ofthetwoshirts,I'dliketochoose_______one.(1994,上海)
A.thelessexpensiveB.themostexpensive
C.lessexpensiveD.mostexpensive
②Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas______choice.(1995,上海)
A.goodB.thebestC.betterD.thebetter
Keys:
①A②D
⑼themore...themore...句型中的the不可省略(注:
实际上,此句型中the是副词)。
[高考试题传真]
①_______thetemperatureis,_______waterturnsintosteam.(1988)
A.Thehigh;thefastB.Higher;Faster
C.Themorehigh;thefasterD.Thehigher;thefaster
②It'sbelievedthat______youwork,______resultyou'llget.(1993,上海)
A.theharder;thebetterB.themorehard;themostbetter
C.theharder;abetterD.morehard;morebetter
Keys:
①D②A
⑽在“beat/hit/knock/pat/strikes