完整版桥梁毕业设计外文翻译0.docx

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完整版桥梁毕业设计外文翻译0

StructuralRehabilitationofConcreteBridgeswithCFRPComposites-PracticalDetailsandApplications

RiyadS.ABOUTAHA1,andNuttawatCHUTARAT2

ABSTRACT:

Manyoldexistingbridgesarestillactiveinthevariousnetworks,carryingallkindsofenvironments.Water,salt,andwind;andtoextendtheservicelifeofconcretebridgesisbytheuseofcarbonfiberreinforcedpolymer(CFRP)composites.ThereappeartobeverylimitedguidesonrepairofdeterioratedconcretebridgeswithCFRPcomposites.Inthispaper,guidelinesfornondestructiveevaluation(NDE),nondestructivetesting(NDT),andrehabilitationofdeterioratedconcretebridgeswithCFRPcompositesarepresented.TheeffectofdetailingonductilityandbehaviorofCFRPstrengthenedconcretebridgesarealsodiscussedandpresented.

KEYWORDS:

Concretedeterioration,corrosionofsteel,bridgerehabilitation,CFRPcomposites.

1Introduction

Thereareseveraldestructiveexternalenvironmentalfactorsthatlimittheservicelifeofbridges.Thesefactorsincludebutnotlimitedtochemicalattacks,corrosionofreinforcingsteelbars,carbonationofconcrete,andchemicalreactionofaggregate.Ifbridgeswerenotwellmaintained,thesefactorsmayleadtoastructuraldeficiency,whichreducesthemarginofsafety,andmayresultinstructuralfailure.Inordertorehabilitateandorstrengthendeterioratedexistingbridges,thoroughevaluationshouldbeconducted.Thepurposeoftheevaluationistoassesstheactualconditionofanyexistingbridge,andgenerallytoexaminetheremainingstrengthandloadcarrycapacityofthebridge.

 

1AssociateProfessor,SyracuseUniversity,U.S.A.

2Lecturer,SripatumUniversity,Thailand.

Oneattempttorestoretheoriginalcondition,andtoextendtheservicelifeofconcretebridgesisbytheuseofcarbonfiberreinforcedpolymer(CFRP)composites.

InNorthAmerica,EuropeandJapan,CFRPextensivelyinvestigatedandapplied.SeveraldesignguidesdevelopedforstrengtheningofconcretebridgeswithCFRPcomposites.However,thereappeartobeverylimitedguidesonrepairofdeterioratedconcretebridgeswithCFRPcomposites.Thispaperpresentsguidelinesforrepairofdeterioratedconcretebridges,alongwithproperdetailing.Evaluation,nondestructivetesting,andrehabilitationofdeterioratedconcretebridgeswithCFRPcompositesarepresented.SuccessfulapplicationofCFRPcompositesrequiresgooddetailingastheforcesdevelopedintheCFRPsheetsaretransferredbybondattheconcrete-CFRPinterface.TheeffectofdetailingonductilityandbehaviorofCFRPstrengthenedconcretebridgeswillalsobediscussedandpresented.

2DeterioratedConcreteBridges

Durabilityofbridgesisofmajorconcern.Increasingnumberofbridgesareexperiencingsignificantamountsofdeteriorationpriortoreachingtheirdesignservicelife.Thisprematuredeteriorationconsideredaproblemintermsofthestructuralintegrityandsafetyofthebridge.Inaddition,deteriorationofabridgemanycases,therootofadeteriorationproblemiscausedbycorrosionofsteelreinforcementinconcretestructures.Concretenormallyactstoprovideaagainstcorrosionoftheembeddedreinforcement.However,corrosionwillresultinthosecasesthattypicallyexperiencepoorconcretequality,inadequatedesignorconstruction,and,mayturnintoastrengthproblemleadingtoastructuraldeficiency,asshowninFigure1.

Figure1Corrosionofthesteelbarsisleadingtoastructuraldeficiency

3Non-destructiveTestingofDeterioratedConcreteBridgePiers

Inordertodesignasuccessfulretrofitsystem,theconditionoftheexistingbridgeshouldbethoroughlyevaluated.Evaluationofexistingbridgeelementsorsystemsinvolvesreviewoftheasbuiltdrawings,aswellasaccurateestimateoftheconditionoftheexistingbridge,asshowninFigure2.Dependingonthepurposeofevaluation,non-destructivetestsmayinvolveestimationofstrength,saltcontents,corrosionrates,alkalinityinconcrete,etc.

Figure2Visibleconcretedistressmarkedonanelevationofaconcretebridgepier

Althoughmostofthenon-destructivetestsdonotcauseanydamagetoexistingbridges,someNDTmaycauseminorlocaldamage(e.g.drilled-destructivetesting.

Inordertoselectthemostappropriatenon-destructivetestforaparticularcase,thepurposeofthetestshouldbeidentified.Ingeneral,therearethreetypesofNDTtoinvestigate:

(1)strength,

(2)otherstructuralproperties,and(3)qualityanddurability.Thestrengthmethodsmayinclude;compressivetest(e.g.coretestreboundtest(e.g.Windsorprobe),andpullouttest(anchortest).

Otherstructuraltestmethodsmayinclude;concretecoverthickness(cover-meter),locatingrebars(rebarlocator),rebarsize(somerebarlocatorsrebardatascan),concretemoisture(acquametermoisturemeter),cracking(visualtestimpactechoul

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