完整word版初中英语单词重要词根.docx
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完整word版初中英语单词重要词根
一.初中重要前缀
1. 否定(a;dis;im;in;ir;il;non;un):
a-amoral atypical pneumonia
ab-abnormalabsent
dis-disabledislike
im/in/ir/il-immeasurableimpartialinadequateinaccessibleillegalillogicalirrationalirresistibleirrevocable
mis—mistake,misunderstand
non-nondurable,nonsense
un-unlike,unhappy,unalterable,unworldlyunyielding
anti-anti-terroristantiwar anti-dumping
op-opposite
ob-object
counter-counter-strike
contra-contradict
with-withdraw
2.空间(方位)
上:
over—overweight,overlook,
super—superman,superstar
up—upstream,upstairs
下:
de—decline decide department
sub—subway
under—underline
里:
il/im/in/irinland
inter-Interrupt
intro—introduce
em-embarrass
外:
ex—/es—exit,exral
out—outside
前:
fore—before,forehead
pre—/pro—predict,progress,prefer
后:
post—postpone,poster
after—afterwards
转移:
transport,transformer
遍及:
circum—circumstance
circu—circus
cross—crossroads
遥远:
tele—telephone,telegram,telescope,television
在:
a—aboard,asleep
3.时间:
先:
ex—ex-husband
fore—foresee
pro—professor
ante—anteroom,antelope
后:
after—afternoon
step—step-father
中间mid—midday,Mid-Autum’sday
重复re—rewrite,replay,recycle
4.程度
高:
over—overeat
super—superstar
extra—extraordinary
arch—arch-enemy
macro—macrostructure
低:
sub—sub-editor
vice—vice-president
micro—Microsoft,microwave
mini—minibus,miniskirt
5.数量
一.uni-unit,ChinaUnicom,USA,UN,UK
二.ambi-/bi-/twi-/di-/bi-dioxide,bicycle,amphibians,twins,ambassador
三.tri-tricycle,triangle,
十.de-,dec-December,decade
百.cent-,cent,century
千.kilo-kilogram,kilometer
多.multi-pole,multi-media
半.hemi-,semi-semicircle,hemisphere
二.初中重要词缀
1.名词后缀
(1)具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an,-ain,表示"……地方的人,精通……的人”American,historian
2)-al,表示"具有……职务的人principal
3)-ant,-ent,表示"……者”merchant,agent,servant,student,
4)-ar,表示"……的人”scholar,liar
5)-ary,表示"从事……的人"secretary,missionary
6)-ant,表示"具有……职责的人"candidate,graduate
7)-ator,表示"做……的人"educator,speculator(投机者)
8)-ee,表示"动作承受者"employee,examinee
9)-eer,表示"从事于……人"engineer,volunteer
10)-er,表示"从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人"banker,observer,Londoner,villager
11)-ese,表示"……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese,Cantonese
12)-ess,表示"阴性人称名词,actress,hostess,manageress
13)-eur,表示"……家”amateur,littérateur
14)-ian,表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Christian,physician(内科医生),musician
15)-ician,表示"精通者,……家,”electrician,magician,technician
16)-icist,表示"……家,…….者,…….能手”physicist,phoneticist,technicist
2)-ic,表示"……者,……师"mechanic,critic
17)-ine,ian,表示"阴性人称"heroine,ballerina
18)-ist,表示"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者"pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist
19)-ive,表示"动作者,行为者”native,captive
20)-logist,表示"……学家,研究者"biologist,geologist(地质学家)
21)-or,表示"……者"author,doctor,operator,
22)-ster,表示"做…….事情的人”youngster,gamester(赌徒),songster
23)-yer,表示"从事……职业者”lawyer
(2).构成,具有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy,表示"性质,状态,境遇"accuracy,diplomacy
2)-age,表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称"courage,storage,marriage
3)-al,a)表示"事物的动作,过程”refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approval
b)表示具体的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal
4)-ance,-ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience
5)-ancy,-ency,表示"性质,状态,行为,过程"frequency,urgency,efficiency,
6)-bility,表示"动作,性质,状态"possibility,feasibility,
7)-craft,表示"工艺,技巧”woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft(治国策)
8)-cracy,表示"统治,支配"bureaucracy,democracy
9)-cy,表示"性质,状态,职位,级别"bankruptcy(破产),supremacy
10)-dom,表示"等级,领域,状态"freedom,kingdom,wisdom
11)-ery,-ry,表示"行为,状态,习性"bravery,bribery,rivalry
12)-ety,表示"性质,状态”variety,dubiety(怀疑)
13)-faction,-facture,表示"作成,……化,作用"satisfaction,manufacture
14)-hood,表示"资格,身份,年纪,状态"childhood,manhood,falsehood
15)-ice,表示"行为,性质,状态"notice,justice,service
16)-ine,表示"带有抽象概念"medicine,discipline,famine
17)-ing,表示"动作的过程,结果"building,writing,learning
18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示"行为的过程,结果,状况"action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction
19)-ise,表示"性质,状态”exercise,merchandise(商业)
20)-ism,表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为"socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism
21)-ity,表示"性质,状态,程度”purity,reality,ability,calamity
22)-ment,表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument
23)-mony,表示"动作的结果,状态"ceremony,testimony
24)-ness,表示"性质,状态,程度"goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness
25)-or,-our,表示"动作,性质,状态"favor,error,
26)-osity,表示"动作,状态”curiosity
27)-ship,表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship,membership,friendship
28)-th,表示"动作,性质,过程,状态"depth,wealth,truth,length,growth
29)-tude,表示"性质,状态,程度"latitude,altitude(海拔)
30)-ure,表示"行为,结果"exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续),
31)-y,表示"行为的结果,状态,性质”glory,history,victory,inquiry
(3)带有场所,地方的含义
1)-age,表示"住所,地点"village,cottage
2)-ary,表示"住所,场地"library,granary(谷仓)
3)-ery,ry,表示"工作场所,饲养所,地点"laundry,nursery,surgery(手术室)
4)-ory,表示"工作场所,住处"factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory
(4)带有学术,科技含义
1)-grapy,表示"……学,写法”biography,calligraphy,geography
2)-ic,ics,表示"……学……法"logic,mechanics,optics,electronics
3)-ology,表示"……学……论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)
4)-nomy,表示"……学……术"astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)
5)-ery,表示"学科,技术"chemistry,cookery,machinery
6)-y,表示"……学,术,法”photography,philosophy
(5)表示人和事物的总和,集合含义
1)-age,baggage,tonnage
2)-dom,kingdom,freedom
3)-hood,neighbourhood,livelihood
4)-ery,cavalry,ministry(内阁)
5)-ure,legislature,judicature
(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant,ent,solvent,constant
2)-al,signal,pictorial(画报)
3)ar,collar,pillar(石柱)
4)-er,boiler,computer,washer,cooker
5)-ery,drapery(绸缎)
6)-ing,clothing,matting,
7)-ment,instrument,equipment,attachment
(7)表示“细小”的含义
1)-cle,particle,
2)-cule,molecule(分子)
3)-el,parcel
4)-en,chicken,maiden
5)-et,pocket,ticket
6)-etta,-ette,etto,cigarette,essayette(短文)
7)-kin,napkin
8)-ling,duckling,
9)-let,booklet
10)-y,baby,doggy
11)-ie,表示"爱,指小"dearie,auntie,lassie(小姑娘)
2.形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able,-ible,movable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible
2)-al,natural,additional,educational
3)-an,ane,urban,suburban,republican
4)-ant,-ent,distant,important,excellent
5)-ar,similar,popular,regular
6)-ary,military,voluntary
7)-ice,-atie,ical,politic,systematic,historic,physical,
8)-ine,masculine,feminine,marine
9)-ing,moving,touching,daring
10)-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish
11)-ive,active,impressive,decisive
12)-ory,satisfactory,compulsory
13)-il,-ile,-eel,fragile,genteel(文雅的)
(2)表示“相象,类似”的含义
1)-ish,boyish,childish
2)-esque,picturesque
3)-like,manlike,childlike
4)-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly
5)-some,troublesome,handsome
6)-y,milky,pasty
(3)表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful
2)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various
3)-ent,violent,
(4)表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义
1)-en,wooden,golden,woolen
2)-ous,gaseous
3)-fic,scientific
(5)表示方向的含义
1)-ern,eastern,western
2)-ward,downward,forward
(6)表示“倍数”的含义
1)-ble,double,treble
2)ple,triple
3)-fold,twofold,tenfold
(7)表示“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen,thirteen
2)-ty,fifty
3)-th,fourth,fiftieth
(8)表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义
1)-an,Roman,European
2)-ese,Chinese,
3)-ish,English,Spanish
(9)表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er,greater
2)-ish,reddish,yellowish
3)-est,highest
4)-most,foremost,topmost
(10)其他的含义
-less,表示否定,countless,stainless,wireless
3.动词后缀
1)-ize,ise,表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize
2)-en,表示"使成为,引起,使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden
3)-fy,表示"使……化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify
4)-ish,表示"使,令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish
5)-ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用”separate,operate,indicate
4.副词后缀
1)-ly,possibly,swiftly,simply
2)-ward,-wards,downward,inwards,upward
3)-ways,always,sideways
4)-wise,otherwise,clockwise
三.初中英语重要词根
1 act 行为/举止active action activate
2 cap 帽子/ 罩着/盖着capable capacity capacious
3 ceive 做(事情) conceive perceive receive deceive
4 cess 行走 processaccess recess
5 cide 切割 decide incidenceaccidentbiocide
6 cite 说话 recite cite excite
7 dem/demo 人/人民 democracy epidemic
10 dict/dic 说话 predictdicionarydedicateaddict
11 dis 距离/分开distance distributedisinterested
12 dom 领域dominatepredominatedomainkingdom
13 fend 遮挡物 defend offend
14 fer 拿 preferinferdeferconfer
15 fess 说话 confessprofess
16 fin 边线/边界 finite finishinfinitedefiniteindefinite
17 flex 使弯折 flexiblereflect
18 flu 流动 flufluentflushfluctuate
19 gress 行走 congressprogressaggressive
20 ject 射/喷射rejectejectinjectdeject
21 leg 腿 legalillegallegislation(isl:
通道)delegateallege
22 less 没有 careless valueless pricelessworthless
23 liter 文字 literatureliteralilliterateliterary
24 main 手 maintain
25 mand 命令 demandcommand
26 mit 放射/传送emitcommitsubmittransmit
27 mod 模式/模型/模具modemodifymodelcommodity
28 nat 本身的/自然的naturalnative
29 nov 心奇/心意novel(adj.) noveltyinnnovate
30 opt 选择optionaladoptoptimism
31 para 相对的 parallel parasiteparadox(dilemma)
32 part 一部分 partialimpartiala