软件工程外文文献翻译.docx

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软件工程外文文献翻译

软件工程外文文献翻译

大连交通大学2012届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译

原文：

NewCompetenciesforHR

WhatdoesittaketomakeitbiginHR?

Whatskillsandexpertisedoyouneed?

Since1988,DaveUlrich,professorofbusinessadministrationattheUniversityofMichigan,andhisassociateshavebeenonaquesttoprovidetheanswers・Thisyear,they?

vereleasedanall-new2007HumanResourceCompetencyStudy（HRCS）・The

findingsandinterpretationslayoutprofessionalguidanceforHRforatleastthenextfewyears・

uPeoplewanttoknowwhatsetofskillshigh-achievingHRpeopleneedto

performevenbetter,nsaysUlrich,co-directoroftheprojectalongwithWayne

Brockbank,alsoaprofessorofbusinessattheUniversityofMichigan.

ConductedundertheauspicesoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganandTheRBLGroupinSaltLakeCity,withregionalpartnersincludingtheSocietyforHumanResourceManagement（SHRM）inNorthAmericaandotherinstitutionsinLatinAmerica,Europe,ChinaandAustralia,HRCSisthelongest-running,mostextensiveglobal

HRcompetencystudyinexistence・Tn

reachingourconclusions,we?

velookedacrossmorethan400companiesandareabletoreportwithstatisticalaccuracywhatHRexecutivessayanddo,"Ulrichsays・

"Theresearchcontinuestodemonstratethedynamicnatureofthehuman

resourcemanagementprofession,vsaysSHRMPresidentandCEOSusanR.Meisinger,SPHR・"Thefindingsalsohighlightwhatanexcitingtimeitistobeintheprofession.Wecontinuetohavetheabilitytoreallyaddvaluetoanorganization."

"HRCSisfoundationalworkthatisreallyimportanttoHRasaprofession,"saysCynthiaMcCague,seniorvicepresidentoftheCoca-ColaCo.,whoparticipatedinthestudy.uTheyhavecreatedandcontinuetoenhanceaframeworkforthinkingabouthowHRdrivesorganizationalperformance・”

What'sNew

Researchersidentifiedsixcorecompetenciesthathigh-performingHRprofessionalsembody.Thesesupersedethefivecompetenciesoutlinedinthe2002HRCS—thelaststudypublished一reflectingthecontinuingevolutionoftheHR

profession.Eachcompetencyisbrokenoutintoperformanceelements・

uThisisthefifthround,sowecanlookatpastmodelsandcomparewheretheprofessionisgoing,”saysEvrenEsen,surveyprogrammanageratSHRM,whichprovidedthesampleofHRprofessionalssurveyedinNorth

America・"Wecanactuallyseetheprofessionchanging・Somecoreareasremainthesame,butothers,

大连交通大学2012届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译

basedonhowtheratersassessandperceiveHR,arenew.”（Formoreinformation,see"TheCompetenciesandTheirElements,vatright・）

Tosomedegree,thenewcompetenciesreflectachangeinnomenclatureorashufflingofthecompetencydeck・However,therearesomekeydifferences・

Fiveyearsago,HR?

sroleinmanagingculturewasembeddedwithinabroader

competency・Nowitsimportancemeritsacompetencyofitsown.

Knowledgeoftechnology,astand-alonecompetencyin2002,nowappearswithinBusinessAlly.Inotherinstances,thenewcompetenciescarryexpectationsthatpromisetochangethewayHRviewsitsrole・Forexample,theCredibleActivistcallsforHRtoeschewneutralityandtotakeastand—topracticethecraft"withanattitude・n

Toputthecompetenciesinperspective,it?

shelpfultoviewthemasathree-tier

pyramidwithCredibleActivistatthepinnacle・

CredibleActivist・Thiscompetencyisthetopindicatorinpredictingoveralloutstandingperformance,suggestingthatmasteringitshouldbeapriority・uYou?

vegottobegoodatallofthem,but,noquestion,[thiscompetency]iskey,"Ulrichsays・

"Butyoucan?

tbeaCredibleActivistwithouthavingalltheothercompetencies・Inasense,it?

sthewholepackage・"

Tt?

sadealbreaker,"agreesDaniJohnson,projectmanageroftheHumanResourceCompetencyStudyatTheRBLGroupinSaltLakeCity・uIfyoudon?

tcome

tothetablewithit,you?

redone・Itpermeateseverythingyoudo.”

TheCredibleActivistisattheheartofwhatittakestobeaneffectiveHRleader・"ThebestHRpeopledonotholdback;theystepforwardandadvocatefortheir

position,nsaysSusanHarmansky,SPHR,seniordirectorofdomesticrestaurantoperationsforHRatPapaJohn?

sInternationalinLouisville,Ky.,andformerchairoftheHumanResourceCertificationInstitute・"CEOsarenotwaitingforHRtocomeinwithoptions—theywantyourrecommendations;theywantyoutospeakfromyourpositionasanexpert,similartowhatyouseefromlegalorfinanceexecutives・n

uYoudon?

twanttobecrediblewithoutbeinganactivist,becauseessentiallyyou?

reworthlesstothebusiness,nJohnsonsays・"Peoplelikeyou,butyouhavenoimpact・Ontheotherhand,youdon?

twanttobeanactivistwithoutbeingcredible・Youcanbedangerousinasituationlikethat・”

BelowCredibleActivistonthepyramidisaclusterofthreecompetencies:

CulturalSteward,TalentManager/OrganizationalDesignerandStrategyArchitect.

CulturalSteward・HRhasalwaysownedculture・ButwithSarbanes-Oxleyandotherregulatorypressures,andCEOsrelyingmoreonHRtomanageculture,thisisthefirsttimeithasemergedasanindependentcompetency・Ofthesixcompetencies,

大连交通大学2012届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译

CulturalStewardisthesecondhighestpredictorofperformanceofbothHRprofessionalsandHRdepartments・

TalentManager/OrganizationalDesigner・Talentmanagementfocusesonhow

individualsenter,moveup,acrossoroutoftheorganization.Organizationaldesigncentersonthepolicies,practicesandstructurethatshapehowtheorganizationworks・TheirlinkingreflectsUlrich?

sbeliefthatHRmaybeplacingtoomuchemphasison

talentacquisitionattheexpenseoforganizationaldesign.Talentmanagementwillnotsucceedinthelongrunwithoutanorganizationalstructurethatsupportsit.

StrategyArchitect・StrategyArchitectsareabletorecognizebusinesstrendsandtheirimpactonthebusiness,andtoidentifypotentialroadblocksandopportunities・Harmansky,whorecentlyjoinedPapaJohn?

s,demonstrateshowtheStrategyArchitectcompetencyhelpsHRcontributetotheoverallbusinessstrategy.Tnmyfirstmonthshere,I?

mspendingalotoftimetraveling,goingtoseestoresalloverthecountry.EverytimeIgotoastore,whilemycounterpartsofthemanagementteamaretalkingabout[operationalaspects],I?

mtalkingtothepeoplewhoworkthere・I?

mtryingtofindoutwhattheissuesaresurroundingpeople・HowdoIdevelopthem?

I?

mlookingformybusinessdifferentiatoronthepeoplesidesoIcancontributetothestrategy.n

WhenCharleaseDeathridge,SPHR,HRmanagerofMcKeeFoodsin

StuartsDraft,Va.,identifiedapotentialroadblocktoimplementinganewmanagementphilosophy,sheusedtheStrategyArchitectcompetency・"Whenwewererollingout„leanmanufacturing?

principlesatourlocation,weadministeredanemployeesatisfactionsurveytoassesshowtheworkersviewedthenewsystem・Thesatisfactionscoreswerelowerthanidea1.Ishowed[management]howanegativecouldbecomeapositive,howwecouldusethedataandfollow-upsurveysasastrategictooltodemonstrateprogress・n

AnchoringthepyramidatitsbasearetwocompetenciesthatUlrichdescribesas"tablestakes一necessarybutnotsufficient・”ExceptinChina,whereHRisatanearlierstageinprofessionaldevelopmentandthereisgreatemphasisontransactionalactivities,thesecompetenciesarelookeduponasbasicskillsthateveryonemusthave・Thereissomedisappointingnewshere・IntheUnitedStates,respondentsratedsignificantlyloweronthesecompetenciesthantherespondentssurveyedinothercountries・

BusinessAlly.HRcontributestothesuccessofabusinessbyknowinghowitmakesmoney,whothecustomersare,andwhytheybuythecompany?

sproductsandservices・ForHRprofessionalstobeBusiness

Allies（andCredibleActivistsandStrategyArchitectsaswell）,theyshouldbewhatUlrichdescribesasubusiness

literate・"Themantraaboutunderstandingthebusiness一howitworks,thefinancials

andstrategicissues一remainsasimportanttodayasitdidineveryiterationofthesurveythepast20years・Yetprogressinthisareacontinuestolag・

大连交通大学2012届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译

"Eventhesehighperformersdon?

tknowthebusinessaswellastheyshould,"Ulrichsays・Inhistravels,hegivesHRaudiences10questionstotesttheirbusinessliteracy・

OperationalExecutor・TheseskillstendtofallintotherangeofHRactivitiescharacterizedastransactionalorulegacy・nPoliciesneedtobedrafted,adaptedandimplemented・Employeesneedtobepaid,relocated,hired,trainedandmore・Everyfunctionhereisessential,but一aswiththeBusinessAlly

competency一high-performingHRmanagersseemtoviewthemaslessimportantandscorehigherontheothercompetencies・EvensomehighlyeffectiveHRpeoplemayberunningariskinpayingtoolittleattentiontothesenuts-and-boltsactivities,Ulrichobserves・

PracticalTool

InconductingdebriefingsforpeoplewhoparticipatedintheHRCS,

Ulrichobserveshowdelightedtheyareattheprescriptivenatureofthe

exercise・Theindividualfeedbackreportstheyreceive（seeuHowtheStudyWasDonen）offerthem

aroadmap,andtheyarehighlymotivatedtofollowit.

Anyonewhohasbeenthrougha360-degreeappraisalknowsthatcriticismcanbejarring・It?

sriskytoopenyourselfuptoothers?

opinionswhenyoudon?

thaveto.Addtheprospectofsharingtheresultswithyourbossandcolleagueswhowillberatingyou,andyoumaydecidetopass・Still,it?

snotsurprisingthathighlymotivatedpeoplelikeDeathridgejumpedatthechanceforthefreefeedback・

"Allofitisnotgood,nsaysDeathridge・"Youhavetobewillingtofaceuptoit.Yougohome,workitoutandsay,”WhyamIgettingthi