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考研英语模拟题
全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,andDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Inhis1976studyofslaveryintheUnitedStates,HerbertGutman,likeFogel,Engerman,andGenovese,hasrightlystressedtheslaves’achievements.Butunlikethesehistorians,Gutmangivesplantationownerslittle
(1)____fortheseachievements.
(2)____,GutmanarguesthatonemustlooktotheBlackfamilyandtheslaves’extendedkinshipsystemto(3)____howcrucialachievements,(4)____themaintenanceofaculturalheritageandthedevelopmentofacommunalconsciousness,werepossible.Hisfindingscompelattention.
Gutmanrecreatesthefamilyandextendedkinship(5)____mainlythroughaningenioususeofwhat(6)____historianshould(7)____on,quantifiabledata,derivedinthiscasemostly(8)____plantationbirthregisters.Healsousesaccountsofex-slavesto(9)____thehumanrealitybehindhisstatistics.These(10)____indicatethatthetwo-parenthouseholdpredominatedinslavequartersjustasitdid(11)____freedslavesafteremancipation.(12)____Gutmanadmitsthatforcedseparationbysalewasfrequent,heshowsthattheslaves’preference,(13)____mostclearlyonplantationswheresalewas(14)____,wasverymuchforstablemonogamy.In(15)____conclusivefashion,Fogel,Engerman,andGenovesehadalreadyindicatedthepredominanceoftwo-parenthouseholds.However,(16)____Gutmanemphasizesthepreferenceforstablemonogamyandpointsout(17)____stablemonogamymeantfortheslaves’culturalheritage.Gutmanarguesconvincinglythatthe(18)____oftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof—andsowascriticalin(19)____—theBlackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother,aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmerican(20)____.
01.[A]credit[B]praise[C]respect[D]contempt
02.[A]Likewise[B]Rather[C]Therefore[D]Even
03.[A]explain[B]ignore[C]understand[D]display
04.[A]forinstanc[B]alongwith[C]inparticular[D]suchas
05.[A]concept[B]heritage[C]worship[D]structure
06.[A]one[B]any[C]none[D]some
07.[A]rest[B]act[C]draw[D]bring
08.[A]from[B]of[C]for[D]in
09.[A]quest[B]probe[C]enter[D]boost
10.[A]figures[B]means[C]methods[D]sources
11.[A]without[B]onto[C]outside[D]among
12.[A]Provided[B]Although[C]Since[D]Unless
13.[A]uncovered[B]displayed[C]revealed[D]designed
14.[A]identifiable[B]comprehensive[C]occasional[D]peculiar
15.[A]more[B]so[C]less[D]even
16.[A]rarely[B]only[C]barely[D]sometimes
17.[A]which[B]how[C]that[D]what
18.[A]incidence[B]stability[C]pattern[D]property
19.[A]sustaining[B]penetrating[C]retrieving[D]composing
20.[A]traditions[B]careers[C]experiences[D]ethics
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Eightinthemorning,andseatsarefillingupfastatthecoffeehouseonthecornerof3rdStreetandAvenueAinNewYork.Alldaylong,thecaféswarmswithyoungprofessionalsclickingawayatlaptopcomputersandgabbingonmobilephones.Businessisbeingdone.Butthere’sahitch:
manyofthesefreneticpatronsareoutofwork.
ThestoryisthesameattheTorrefazioneItalia,onachicstretchofBoston’sNewburyStreet.AlanaRaftery,whousedtobeinsoftwaresales,sitsthereforhourswithanicedcoffeeandpaperwork.OnFridays,shepushestablestogetherwithfiveotherwomentoplanasoftware-servicesventure.
Americaisbecomingacaféculture.ButthereasonislessStarbucksmarketingthantheeconomicdownturn.Thewhite-collararmyoftheunemployedaremakingcaféstheirofficesandjob-searchcenters.Goingthereeverydayprovidesthesamesortofstructureandroutineasaformaloffice—butwithmuchbettercoffee.
Ofcourse,caféshavelongservedasthelocusofbusinessactivityforindependentconsultants,creativetypesandteleworkers(aswellasbrewing-placesfornovels,coupsandrevolutions).Butthenewclientèleisdifferent.Incontrasttopreviousrecessions,moreprofessionalsareoutofwork.Technologyhaschanged,too,allowingpeopletojob-huntordevisenewbusinessplansuntetheredfromtheirclunkydeskcomputersandtangled-cordhomephones.Moreover,withthenumberofcafésgrowingfromunder2,000in1991toover14,000today,thesepeoplenowhaveplentyofplacestogo.
Theirhabitmayalsoheraldadeepertrendintheworkforce:
aneraofnomadicteleworkers,whosejobsarenolongertiedtooneparticularspot.QuinnMills,aprofessorofeconomicsattheHarvardBusinessSchool,believesthatcompanies,“withtheirurgetoregiment”,areunpreparedforthis.Notonlytheunemployed,butworkerstoo,mayprefertodecamptoStarbucks:
greatforreducingoverheads,butperhapslessgoodforproductivity.
Forcoffeehousesthemselves,theirnewstatusasjobcentershashelpedtheindustrybucktheslumpingeconomy.In2008,thegourmet-coffeesectorearnedarecord$8.40billioninrevenue,withcafésaccountingformorethanhalfthesales.Manycoffeehouses,belongingbothtopublicly-tradedcompaniesandindependentretailers,arereportingsalesgrowthofroughly7%.Andthough$4foracappuccinomayseemsteep,it’sprettygoodforaNewYorkperdiemofficerent.
21.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento
[A]highlighttheinfluenceofeconomiccrisis.
[B]introducethetopicofAmerica’scaféculture.
[C]bringtolightthetrendoftheworkforce.
[D]definetheproblemofyoungprofessionals.
22.Accordingtothepassage,youngprofessionalsarenotpreparedfor
[A]marketingstrategies.
[B]loweredproductivity.
[C]technologicalrevolutions.
[D]moresevereunemployment.
23.Accordingtothepassage,cafécultureemergedinAmericaasaresultof
[A]theeconomicsituation.
[B]thequickpaceoflife.
[C]thecrazeforjob-hunting.
[D]thepursuitfornewtaste.
24.Theworkofprofessionalsincaféhousesischaracterizedby
[A]greatrigidity.
[B]standardization.
[C]moreflexibility.
[D]independence.
25.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe
[A]AdepressingfutureoftheUSeconomy.
[B]AnewroleofAmerica’scoffeehouses.
[C]Apolicyofdeliberateunderstaffing.
[D]Asuddenboomofcoffeehouses.
Text2
CongresshasbeentryingforseveralyearstoexpandMedicare(thefederalprogrammethatprovidesmedicalinsuranceforalmostallelderlyAmericans)toincludeprescriptiondrugs.Nowitmaybeonthevergeofsucceeding,withtheHouseandSenateconvergingonsimilarplans.Soputouttheflags?
Notatall.Inreality,thenear-agreementmarksyetanotherdefeatforprudentgovernment.
NothingcouldbemoreirresponsiblethanexpandingoneofAmerica’sbiggestentitlementprogrammeswithouttryingtointroducestructuralreform.YetthisiswhataRepublican-dominatedWashingtonisabouttodo.Thenewdrugsbenefitcouldcostbetween$350billionand$400billionoverthenextdecade—andproducenostructuralreformsworthyofthename.
TheimpendinglegislationmarksadefeatfortheWhiteHouse.Inhisstate-of-the-unionaddressinJanuary,GeorgeBushunveiledaschemetolinkdrugsbenefitwithstructuralreform:
oldfolkwhoagreedtojoinprivatehealthplanswouldgetmoremoneyformedicines.ButtheSenatebalkedattheideaofa“two-tier”system.AndonJune9ththeWhiteHouseagreedtoacceptequaldrugsbenefitsforpeopleintheordinaryMedicareprogramme.
WhyhavetheRepublicansfailedtosupportstructuralreform?
OnereasonisthestrengthoftheruralcontingentintheRepublicancaucus–—andparticularlytheinfluenceofCharlesGrassley,asenatorfromIowaandthechairmanoftheFinanceCommittee.Ruralpoliticians(whohavelongcomplainedthattheyfailtogettheirfairshareofthenation’smedicalbudget)havenoenthusiasmforprivatehealthplans,sincesuchplansdonotexistintheemptyreachesofthecountryside.
Theotherreasonisthepressuretogetsomethingdone.Republicanshavebeenmakingever-louderpromisestoprovidedrugbenefitsfortheelderlyforseveralyears.TheoldareoneofAmerica’smostpowerfullobbies,capableoftiltingelectionsinanybattlegroundstate,notleastFlorida.
Foritspart,theWhiteHouseisanxioustoburnishthepresident’sreputationasamanwhogetsthingsdoneathome,aswellasindesertsandMiddleEasternseasideresorts.ThiswillingnesstoabandonprinciplesintheblinddesiretoproduceresultsisbecomingathemeoftheBushpresidency.
Congress’swillingnesstoaddanewentitlementtoMedicarewithouttacklingitsstructuralproblemsisadisasterinthemaking.NotonlyisthenumberofpeopleclaimingMedicaresettodoubleby2030,butthecostofprovidinghealthcareforeachbeneficiaryislikelytodoubletoo.JosephAntos,ahealth-carespecialistattheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute,hasahorrifyingverdictonthe“reforms”workingtheirwaythroughCongress:
“Wearedescendingtothelowestdepthsofhell.”
26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheexpansionofMedicareprogram?
[A]Closeathand.
[B]Nowherenearsuccess.
[C]Farfromcertain.
[D]Onlyamatteroftime.
27.ThebasicproblemofMedicareprogramexpansionaspointedoutthewriterliesinits
[A]overallinclusion.
[B]slightinequality.
[C]structuralreforms.
[D]excessivecosts.
28.Th