高中宾语从句精讲及练习含标准答案.docx
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高中宾语从句精讲及练习含标准答案
宾语从句
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:
连接词、语序和时态。
1.宾语从句的定义
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以做介词的宾语
作动词的宾语:
Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.
主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语
作介词的宾语:
He said nothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.
主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词 一个句子作介词的宾语
2.宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:
that(that常可省略),whether,if
代词:
who,whose,what,which
副词:
when,where,how,why等。
1连词:
Hetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.
that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:
say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。
Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.
Attention:
宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?
Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词,如:
unhappy,unfair,dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
当主句的主语是第二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?
Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didn'tyou?
Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey?
Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?
练习题
(1).Idon’tthinkheisright,__________?
A.isn’theB.isheC.doID.don’tI
(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________?
A.doesn’theB.doesheC.issheD.isn’tshe
(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,__________?
A.didn’theB.didheC.didID.didn’tI
(4).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.
A.itB.thisC.thatD.what
(5).Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
在以下情况中that不能省略
1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.
2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.
3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.
4、当it作形式宾语时
例句:
Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.
许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.
6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
由whether,if引导的宾语从句
当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:
Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if:
①在具有选择意义,又有or或ornot时,尤其是直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether(if…ornot也可以使用)。
如:
Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.(=Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome)让我知道他是否能来。
Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot.(=Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego.我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。
如:
I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
③在不定式前用whether。
如:
Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。
如:
Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能来还是个问题。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。
如:
Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.可理解为:
b.Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1、if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.
2、if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
3、引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时
Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.
连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
用于这种结构的动词常常是:
see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。
②连接代词:
who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?
你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么?
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
③连接副词有:
when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
练习题
(1)Idon’tknow___________ornot.
A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathome
C.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome
(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.
A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that
(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.
A.whichB.whereC.ifD.that
(4)Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.
A.whyB.whenC.howD.where
(5)---Becareful!
Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?
David?
---Yes,Mum
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if
(6)---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?
---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.
A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where
(7)Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.
A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchoose
C.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose
三.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:
连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
Idon’tknowwhattheyarelookingfor.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?
练习题
(1)Didyoufindout______?
A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingfor
C.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor
(2)Areyouinterestedin_____?
A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit
(3)Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
(4)---Whatdidthescientistsay?
---Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.
A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly
(5)Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme____?
A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbank
C.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere
(6)SheaskedTom________withhiscar?
A.whatthematterwasB.whatthematteris
C.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter
四.宾语从句的时态
时态:
1、主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句:
Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.
2、主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:
Shewassorrythatshehadn’tfinishedherworkontime.
3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
例句:
Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
练习题
(1)It’s7:
30.Ican’tbelieveyou___cookingdinneryet,Sally.
A.haven’tstartedB.didn’tC.don’tstartD.hadn’tstarted
(2)TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe
(3)Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.
A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo
(4)We’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam.
A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass
(5)“Couldyoutellme______?
”“Yes.They____tothelibrary.”
A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeen
C.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD,wherethetwinswere,havegone
(6)Ourfathersaidthathe______anewcomputernextweek.
A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buys
(7)Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday.
A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone
高中宾语从句练习题及答案详解
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisn'tsuchaman___