初中英语易错题分析三.docx

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初中英语易错题分析三.docx

初中英语易错题分析三

初中英语易错题分析(三)

1.both

 

[误]Theybotharestudents.

[正]Theyarebothstudents.

[误]Theyrefusebothtoanswerthisquestion.

[正]Theybothrefusetoanswerthisquestion.

[析]both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。

 

[误]Iknowhisbothparents.

[正]Iknowbothhisparents.

[误]Thebothbrotherswerestudents.

[正]Boththebrotherswerestudents.

[正]Bothbrotherswerestudents.

[析]当both与形容词性物主代词my,his,her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。

另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。

 

[误]Bothofmyparentsarenotathome.

[正]Neitherofmyparentsareathome.

[误]Bothofyouranswersarenotright.

[正]Neitherofyouranswersisright.

[正]Bothyouranswersarewrong.

[析]both不能用于否定句中作主语。

表示“两者都不”时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。

例如:

Icannotgivebothofthebookstoyou.(我不能将两本书全给你。

)而Icannotgiveeitherofthebookstoyou.(两本书中哪本书也不能给你。

 

2.bring

 

[误]PleasebringthisdictionarytoMrBrown.

[正]PleasetakethisdictionarytoMrBrown.

[误]Nexttime,pleasetakeyourlittlesisterhere.

[正]Nexttime,pleasebringyourlittlesisterhere.

[析]英语中bring是“带来”,而take是“带走”。

还有一个词fetch,表示“到某处去把某物取、接回来”。

如:

Pleasefetchthedoctoratonce.

 

3.business

 

[误]MyfatherwenttoShanghaiforbusiness.

[正]MyfatherwenttoShanghaionbusiness.

[析]onbusiness出差

 

4.busy

 

[误]Thestudentswereverybusytopreparefortheexam.

[正]Thestudentswereverybusypreparingfortheexam.

[析]bebusydoingsomething为“忙于作某事”。

 

[误]Thestudentswerebusyfortheexam.

[正]Thestudentswerebusywiththeexam.

[析]busy直接接名词时应用with。

  5.but

 

[误]Hecouldn'thelpbutrealizingthathewaswrong.

[正]Hecouldn'thelpbutrealizethathewaswrong.

[误]Shecouldn'thelptocrywhenshesawhermother.

[正]Shecouldn'thelpcryingwhenshesawhermother.

[析]couldn'thelp其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldn'thelpbut后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为“他才真正认识到他错了。

 

6.buy

 

[误]Ihaveboughtthisdictionaryforthreeyears.

[正]Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.

[析]buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词,它可以有完成时,如:

Ihaveboughtthisdictionary.但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。

如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用havehad这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。

 

7.by

 

[误]Theboyshotthecatbyagun. 

[正]Theboyshotthecatwithagun.

[误]Hecametoschoolbyataxithismorning.

[正]Hecametoschoolbytaxithismorning.

[析]作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:

bycar,bybike,byair等。

如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:

“我们今天早上是乘他的车来的”一句应译为:

Wecamehereinhiscarthismorning.与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:

bytheway顺便说说;byhand手工制作;byoneself独自地;bynomeans决不。

 

8.call

 

[误]I'llcallatMrBrown.

[正]I'llcallonMrBrown.

[误]I'llcallonMrBrown'shome.

[正]I'llcallatMrBrown'shome.

[析]作“拜访”讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。

 

callon,dropin,visit

callon比较正式的为公务的访问,如:

Wewerecalledonbytheoldstudents.而dropin则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:

Ifyou'refree,dropin.而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:

Myschool'sheadmasterwillvisitAmericanextweek.

 

9.can

 

[误]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours. 

[正]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.

[误]Icann'tcallforyouatten.

[正]Ican'tcallforyouatten.

[析]can的否定形式应为cannot或can't. 

 

[误]It'sonlysixo'clock.Thatmustn'tbethepostman.

[正]It'sonlysixo'clock.Thatcan'tbethepostman.

[析]must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:

Shemusthavesomeproblems.Shekeepscrying.但在否定句中则要用can't,要表示对过去的推测则要用“must+have+过去分词”的表达法,如:

Thelightshavegoneout.Afusemusthaveblown.而对过去的否定推测则多用“can't+have+过去分词”,如:

Idon'tthinkhecanhaveheardyou.Callagain.

 

[误]Wecouldnothelptolaughatonce.

[正]Wecouldnothelplaughingatonce.

[正]Wecouldnothelpbutlaughatonce.

[析]“couldn'thelp+动名词”表示禁不住做了某事。

但couldnothelpbut与couldnotbut后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:

Youcouldnot(help)butrespecthim.

 

can,beableto

can与beableto都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,beableto则可用任何时态,如:

Hewillbeabletoteachthechild.但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用beableto,如:

Hefinallywasabletojumpover210meters.或:

Theplanewasabletoflyoverthemountain.但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而beableto后面不接不定式的被动态。

 

can,could

can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。

如:

Couldyoutellusastory?

 

10.care

 

[误]Idon'tcarecoffee.

[正]Idon'tcareforcoffee.

[误]Takecareforyoursteps.

[正]Takecareofyoursteps.

[析]carefor是“对某物感兴趣”,而careof是“关心,要当心某事”,如:

Shedidn'tcareforhim.Takecareofwhatyouaredoing.

 

[误]Idon'tcarewherewewillgoifitdoesn'train.

[正]Idon'tcarewherewegoifitdoesn'train.

[析]在itdoesn'tmatter,Idon'tcare,Idon'tmind,及incase引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。

如:

I'vegotafootballincasewehavetimeforagame.

1.come

 

[误]Icameacrosswithanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.

[正]Icameacrossanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.

[析]comeacross是“偶然碰见、遇见”,要直接加宾语,如:

I'vejustcomeacrossabeautifulpoeminthismagazine.

 

[误]A:

Wheredoyoucomefrom?

B:

Icomefromthestation.

  [正]A:

Wheredidyoucomefrom?

B:

Icamefromthestation.

  [正]A:

Wheredoyoucomefrom?

B:

IcomefromChina.

[析]Wheredoyoucomefrom?

意为“你是什么地方的人?

”而Wheredidyoucomefrom?

则是“你从何处来?

 

[误]Thestarsarecomingoutfromthecloud.

[正]Thestarsarecomingoutofthecloud.

[析]comeoutof意为“从……地方出来”。

 

comein,comeinto,enter

  comein与comeinto的意义相同,但comeinto后面要加宾语,而comein后面不用宾语。

如Ifoundsomeonecameintomyroom.Thedooropenedandthechildcamein.

enter常作为及物动词使用,如:

ThebusenteredtheEnglishtunnel.

 

2.congratulate

 

[误]Iwanttocongratulateyouforyoursuccesswithallmyheart.

[正]Iwanttocongratulateyouonyoursuccesswithallmyheart.

[析]动词congratulatesomebodyonsomething是“向某人祝贺某事”。

其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数,如:

Iofferedhimmycongratulationsonhissuccess.又如:

Congratulations!

 

3.cook

 

[误]Myfatherisagoodcooker.

[正]Myfatherisagoodcook.

[析]很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人,如work---worker,teach---teacher.但cook即是动词“做饭”,同时名词也是“厨师”。

而cooker则是“厨具”、“炊具”之意。

如:

Iwillcookthedinner.Iboughtagoodpresscooker(高压锅)。

 

4.corner

 

[误]Thereisapostofficeinthecornerofthestreet.

[正]Thereisapostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.

[误]Agirlsatatthecorneroftheroom.

[正]Agirlsatinthecorneroftheroom.

[析]inthecorner是在建筑物内部的角上,而atthecorner是在外部的角上,如:

Thereisabigtreeatthecornerofthebuilding.

 

5.cost

 

[误]Icosttendollarsforthebook.

[正]Ispenttendollarsonthebook.

[误]Icosttwohourstodomyhomework.

[正]Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomework.

[析]cost,spend,take都可以作“花费”讲,但用法不同。

cost的用法是“something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱”,如:

Thebookcostmetendollars.spend的用法是“somebody+spend+时间+(in)doingsomething”,如:

Ispenttwohours(in)writingthisbook.或“somebody+spend+金钱+onsomething”,如:

Ispendtwodollarsonthisbook.而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:

“It+takes+somebody+时间+todosomething”,如:

Ittookmeanhourtocleantheclassroom.

 

6.country

 

[误]Youcanfindcowsinacountry.

[正]Youcanfindcowsinthecountry.

[析]country即可作“国家”讲,也可作“农村”讲。

当作“农村”讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式。

 

[误]Farmersliveinthecountries.

[正]Farmersliveinthecountry.

[析]但作为“国家”讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如:

JapanisanAsiancountry.Japan,China,andIndiaareAsiancountries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的国家,如:

NewZealandisanagriculturalcountry.而nation多指民族组成的国家,如:

TheChinesenation(中华民族)。

state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围,如:

thestatefarm(国营农场)。

 

7.cross

 

[误]Therearetrafficlightsatthecross.

[正]Therearetrafficlightsatthecrossing.

[析]cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如:

RedCross(红十字会)。

 

[误]Thelittleboyisgoingtoacrossthestreet.

[正]Thelittleboyisgoingtocrossthestreet.

[析]across是副词或介词,但不能作动词用。

 

cross,pass

cross是指横过某地,如:

Hecrossedthesquare.而pass则强调从某物体旁经过,如:

ImailedsomeletterswhenIpassedthepostoffice. 

 

8.crowd

 

[误]Theroomsoonwascrowdedbypeople.

[正]Theroomsoonwascrowdedwithpeople.

[析]crowded在这句话中应作为形容词,所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构,如:

Theroomwascrowdedwithbooks.

 

9.cup

 

[误]Asilverglasswasgiventothewinner.

[正]Asilvercupwasgiventothewinner.

[误]Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskycup.

[正]Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskyglass.

[析]glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在奖杯上。

喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我们讲Idrinkaglassofwineatsupper.而不讲Idrinkacupofwineatsupper.

 

10.dance

 

[误]We'llinviteyouandyourwifetoadanceparty.

[正]We'llinviteyouandyourwifetoadancingparty.

[正]We'llinviteyouandyourwifetoadance.

[正]We'llinviteyouandyourwifetoaball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。

1.change

 

[误]Iwanttochangemycamerawiththatone.

[正]Iwanttochangemycameraforthatone.

[析]changefor为“以某物为交换物”。

而changewith则是“随……而变”,如:

Thewood'scolourchangedwiththeseason.

 

2.cheap

 

[误]Ateacher'ssalaryisgenerallyverycheap.

[正]Ateacher'ssalaryisgenerallyverylow.

[析]工资的高低要用low,cheap是指价格便宜,如果要讲物美价廉则要用notexpensive,如:

Thiscarisnotexpensive.

 

3.choose

 

[误]WeeachhadtohaveachooseofAorB.

[正]WeeachhadtohaveachoiceofAorB.

[析]choice是名词,而choose是动词。

 

4.class

 

[误]TheclassiswatchingTV.

[正]TheclassarewatchingTV.

[析]class作主语时,如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词,如:

Theclasswasmorethanfortyinnumber.如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,如:

Theclassare,ingeneral,verybright.

 

5.clean

 

[误]Sorry,Ididn'tboughtithere.Icleanlyforgot.

[正]Sorry,Ididn'tboughtithere.Icleanforgot.

[析]clean可以作为副词讲,其意为“完全”,而cleanly则意为“正确地”、“干净利落地”,如:

Theknifedoesn'tcutcleanly.而clean作为形容词讲时意为“清洁的”、“干净的”,如:

Herfaceisnotcleannow.

 

6.clever

 

[误]I'mnotcleverinEnglish.

[正]I'mnotcleveratEnglish.

[析]cleverat是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特长。

 

7.close

 

[误]Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclose.

[正]Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclosed.

[析]这里的close是动词,意为“关闭”,而keep后要加形容词,所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。

作形容词用的close意为“近的”、“亲密的”。

 

[误]ComecloselysothatIcanseeyou.

[正]ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.

[误]Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloserelated.

[正]Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloselyrelated.

[析]close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是“靠近”、“接近”之意,而closely则是“紧密”、“严密”、“密切”之意。

 

[误

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