初中完形填空题型特点及解题思路.docx
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初中完形填空题型特点及解题思路
中考英语完形填空题型特点及解题思路
中考英语完形填空题型特点:
完形填空是一种测试考生综合运用英语语言知识能力的一种题型,它集阅读理解能力与语言应用能力考查于一体,考查考生在阅读理解基础上,在一定语言情景下灵活运用词汇的能力。
它首先要求考生具备较强的阅读能力,具备能根据短文所给线索,捕捉相关信息,进行分析判断、逻辑推理的能力,它还要求考生能熟练运用所学词汇、语法、习惯用语及交际用语等语言知识进行填词,考查了使用语言的准确性。
由于完形填空属于有障碍性的阅读,考生对阅读这些含有空缺单词的短文没有把握、困难较大,所以往往望题生畏。
因而完形填空历来是中考中考生失分率较高的题型。
新课标教材使用之后,完形填空试题的难度逐渐增大。
以往完形填空试题的考点主要集中在词汇、语法、句法上,对语篇背景考虑不多,近年来考查的重点已由在语篇中考查语法逐渐转向对语篇的整体理解。
比如多数试题所设选项如单从语法角度来判定都是正确的,但一旦联系语篇内容,则只有一个正确答案。
由于难度的提高,使完形填空成为考生最棘手题型之一,感到既容易丢分又难于进行复习。
要完成好完形填空试题,考生除必须掌握一定的语法、词汇知识外,还有赖于提高阅读理解能力。
因为只有看懂了短文才能确定正确答案。
另外考生还要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习,逐渐增加训练的频度,提高训练的难度,通过训练提高阅读理解能力,做到能根据短文所给线索和信息进行分析、推理、归纳、判断,进一步提高词语辨析和灵活运用的能力。
只有通过平时多读多练,不断拓宽知识面,进一步了解英美风土人情等有关文化背景知识,熟练掌握英语习惯用语的表达等,才能为正确完成完形填空试题提供前提保障。
完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是:
1.跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。
先跳过空格,通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文,获得整体印象,做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨,较好地把握短文大意。
要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择,切忌仓促下笔。
2.结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。
在理解全文意思的基础上,再结合所给备选项细读全文,联系上、下文内容,注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示,以词、句的意义为先,再从分析句子结构入手,根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑,对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选,排除干扰项、初步选定答案。
3.瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。
动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。
对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能确定答案的,先跳过这一空格,继续往下做,最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。
这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文,随着对短文理解的深入,可以降低试题的难度,提高选择的正确率。
4.复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。
完成各道题选择后,把所选的答案代入原文,再把全文通读一篇,逐空认真复查。
看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确,是否符合习惯表达法。
如发现错误答案或有疑问的,应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
同时提醒学生在做完形填空选择题时应注意如下几点:
1.完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句,一般不设空,要特别注重对首、尾句的理解,因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题,对理解全文有较大帮助。
2.第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容,弄不清头绪,这是很正常的。
此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理,应稳定情绪,再将短文读一、二遍,直到明确大意为止。
3.做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案,这样往往只见树木不见树林。
由于缺乏全局观念,极易导致连续选错。
因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空,其空白处是位于一篇文章之中,因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
4.每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主,所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的,其它三项均为干扰项。
而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配,即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定,还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
5.动笔时先易后难,先完成容易、有把握的答案,这样可以增强自信心,然后再集中精力解决难点。
对于实在无法确定的,可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示,大胆地作出猜测。
指导学生做完形填空题的做法:
1、根据这几年广西各市英语科中考题中完形填空题常考的六种类型:
1、文化习俗,2、科普知识,3、风流人物,4、幽默故事,5、日常生活,6、人生百味。
进行分类训练。
2、从四月中开始,每周出一份有关完形填空和阅读理解的专项训练题让学生进行检测,然后认真讲评。
武汉市中考原题集——完型填空篇
(06年)OneSaturdayafternoon,Katewenttobuysomethingforhersisterandherself.
AsKatewascomingoutofa1,ayoungladywalkedtowardsher.ShesaidshewasMissGreen---agoodfriendofKate’ssister.Kate2her.ThenshecalledataxitosendKatehome.She3thedriverwhereheshouldgo.Katewas4thatitwasnottheindirectionofherhome.
“5?
”Kateasked.Theladysmiled.
Whentheycametoaquietroad,abigroughman6,ontheroad.Hestoppedthetaxidriver,knockedhimdown,andthrewhimoutofthe7.Atthesametime,MissGreentookoutofaknifeand8itatKate.SheaskedKatetokeep9.Themanthenstartedthetaxi.
“Oh,myGod!
I’mbeingkidnapped(绑架),”Katesaidtoherself.
Shetriedtoescape,butnot10.Suddenlyan11cametoher.Shetookoutalipstick(口红)fromherpocket,wrote‘SOS’onthewindow,andcoveredthewordwithher12.
Afewminuteslater,apolicecar13andthepolicemensawthesign.Whenthekidnapperssawthepolicementheystoppedthetaxi,jumpedintothegrass,andranaway.
Thepolicementhen14Kateupandsentherhome.Whenherparentsknewwhathadhappened,theyweregreatlysurprised.Buttheywerealso15becausetheirdaughterhadfinallycomebacksafely.
1.A.schoolB.taxiC.shopD.friend’s
2.A.knewB.believedC.thankedD.remembered
3.A.toldB.askedC.wonderedD.checked
4.A.sureB.excitedC.surprisedD.pleased
5.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhenD.Why
6.A.droveB.climbedC.fellD.appeared
7.A.roadB.sightC.taxiD.home
8.A.shoutedB.playedC.hurtD.pointed
9.A.healthyB.aliveC.relaxedD.quiet
10.A.happenedB.failedC.succeededD.hurried
11.A.ideaB.answerC.interestD.order
12.A.handsB.backC.dressD.lipstick
13.A.soppedB.leftC.passedD.turned
14.A.liftedB.heldC.putD.picked
15.A.worriedB.happyC.proudD.successful
(07年)MyuncleJohnusedtoliveinabeautifullittlehousebytheseainAtlanticCity.Isayhe“usedto”livethere______(51)hedoesn’tlivethereanymore.Hewaskilledtwoyearsago.
UncleJohnwrotenovels.Henotonly______(52)hisjob,butalsomadealotofmoneydoingit.Whenhedied,hehad$60millioninthebank.
AfterUncleJohn’sdeath,Icametostayinhishouseforawhile.IhadbeentherefortwodayswhenI______(53)amessageonthescreenoftheoldcomputer.Iwasverysurprised,becauseIthoughtthecomputerhadbeen______(54).Themessagesaid,“Youhavenew______(55)!
”whenIreadit,Ithoughtitlookedlikethe______(56)ofanovel.“Thislooksinteresting,”Ithought.“Itmustbe______(57)oneofUncleJohn’sfriends.”IdecidedIshouldmakeananswertothee—mailtotellhimorherthatUnclewas______(58).However,thecomputerwouldnotleme______(59).
Everydayforthenextthreeweeks,moreemailkeptarriving.Iprinted_____(60)ofallofthem.ThestorywasaboutJaneWinterbourne,ayoungwriterworkingonherfirstnovel.ShesenthernoveltoJackTanner,anoldwriterandaskedhimto______(61)hertopublishit.However,hecheatedher,andpublishedthenovelhimself—pretendingthathehad______(62)it.Thenovelwasvery______(63).Tannermadealotofmoney,andboughthimselfahousebytheseainAtlanticCity.ItwasthenthatIrealizedthat“JackTanner”and“JaneWinterbourne”were______(64)names.“Jackwas______(65)tobeUncleJohn.
51.A.soB.becauseC.thoughD.once
52.A.lostB.finishedC.changedD.enjoyed
53.A.sentB.noticedC.readD.typed
54.A.brokendownB.turnedoffC.soldoutD.putaway
55.A.informationB.postC.mailD.business
56.A.pictureB.storyC.endD.beginning
57.A.likeB.aboutC.fromD.to
58.A.deadB.sickC.outD.busy
59.A.playB.replyC.watchD.stop
60.A.copiesB.piecesC.partsD.covers
61.A.teachB.helpC.showD.refuse
62.A.missedB.correctedC.writtenD.bought
63.A.newB.expensiveC.importantD.successful
64.A.falseB.trueC.longD.beautiful
65.A.pointedB.speltC.meantD.called
(08年)Thisstoryhappenedinasmallmountainvillage.Onedaytherewasanearthquake(地震).Nothingwasdestroyedand(51)washurt.Butahugerockfellfromanearbymountainandstoppedinthemiddleoftheroad.
Whentheearthquake(52),manypeoplecametotheroadandsawthehugerock.Someofthestrongestmentriedtolifttherock(53)theroad.Buttheycouldn'tmoveit.Theytriedtopushitbutfailed.Theytriedto(54)itwithropesbutnothingworked.
"Well,"theyallagreed,"There'snothingwecandoaboutit.We'llhavetochangethe(55)."Atthistimeaboyof12yearsoldsaid,"IthinkIcanhelpyoutomovetherock."
"You?
"theyshouted,"Whatareyoutalkingabout?
"Themenall(56)attheboy.
Thenextmorningsomepeoplecameintothestreet.Oneofthemshouted,"Therockis(57)!
"Morepeopleranouttosee.Itwastrue.Therockwasn'tintheroadanymore.Itwasn't(58)neartheroad.
"Thisis(59),"theysaid,"Wherediditgo?
"
Theboystoodinthestreet,(60),"ItoldyouIcouldmoveitlastnight."
Theboywalkedovertowherethe(61)hadbeenanduncoveredsomeearth."Iburiedit,"hesaid.
Thepeoplelooked(62)."Yousee,"hesaid,"IdugadeepholenexttotherockandIdugasmallincline(斜坡)uptotherockandtherock(63)downintotheholebyitself.Icovereditwithearth."
Thecrowdsshouted,"Whata(64)boy!
"Andsomeofthemsaid,"Whyhaven'twethoughtofthisgood(65)?
"
51.A.SomebodyB.NobodyC.anybodyD.everybody
52.A.stoppedB.startedC.happenedD.appeared
53.A.overB.intoC.offD.onto
54.A.PushB.liftC.changeD.pull
55.A.roadB.stoneC.ropeD.Village
56.A.LookedB.laughedC.calledD.pointed
57.A.goneB.missedC.brokenD.stolen
58.A.VeryB.quiteC.evenD.still
59.A.heavyB.dangerousC.specialD.impossible
60.A.cryingB.smilingC.thinkingD.Lying
61.A.streetB.townC.rockD.mountain
62.A.surprisedB.sadC.happyD.relaxed
63.A.layB.droppedC.walkedD.ran
64.A.cleverB.strongC.braveD.poor
65.A.boyB.holeC.storyD.way
(09年)Threesoldierswereontheirwayhomefromthewar.Theyarrivedatasmallvillage,theywereverytiredand(51),buttheyhadnofoodormoney.Theonlythingtheydidhavewasacookingpot(锅).
Thesoldiersbuiltasmallcookingfire,(52)theirpotonit,andpouredinsomewater.Whenafewvillagersaskedwhattheyweredoing,oneofthesoldiersansweredthathewasmakingstonesoup.Afewmorevillagerswalkingbystoppedto(53)whatwasgoingonwhentheyheardaboutit.
“Anysoupneedssaltandpepper,”thefirstsoldiersaid,(54)somechildrenrantofetchsaltandpepper.“Stonescanbeusedtopreparegoodsoup,buttomatoeswould(55)itsomuchbetter,”thesecondsoldieradded.Onewomansaid“,Why,IthinkIhaveatomatoortwo!
”Sherantogetthetomatoes.
“Somecabbagewouldbeaproperchoiceforagoodstonesoup!
”saidthethirdsoldier.Anotherwomansaid,“IthinkIcanprobablyfindsomecabbage,”and(56)sheran.
“Ifonlywehadabitofbeefandsomepotatoes,thissoupwouldbefitforarichman's(57).”Thevillagersthoughtitover,thenrantofetchwhattheyhadintheirhomes.Arichman'ssoup,andallfromafewstones!
Itseemedlike(58)!
Thesoldierssaid“,Ifonlywehadalittlemilk,thissoupwouldbefitforaking!
”Andsoothervillagers(59)togetsomemilk.
“Thesoupisready,”saidthecooks,“andallwill(60)it,butfirstweneedtosetthetables.”Someofthevillagerssaid,“Suchagreatsoupwouldbebetter(61)somebreadandcakes,”sotheybroughtthe(62)twothingsandthemealwas(63)byall.Neverhadtherebeensucha(64)meal.Neverhadthevillagershadsuchdelicioussoup,andallmadefromstones!
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