英语情态动词的用法.docx
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英语情态动词的用法
英语情态动词的用法
情态动词
1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)情态动词除ought和have外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。
3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、can,could
1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Canyouliftthisheavybox?
(体力)
Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知识)
Canyouskate?
(技能)
此时可用beableto代替。
Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。
I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。
如:
Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.
2)表示请求和允许。
-----CanIgonow?
-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.
此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?
----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)
3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
They’vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead.
Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.
4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Canthisbetrue?
Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.
Howcanthisbetrue?
二、may,might
1)表示请求和允许。
might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。
否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?
----No,youmustn’t.
----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?
----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)
用MayI...?
征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?
在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
Mayyousucceed!
3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.
2.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.
三、must,haveto
1)表示必须、必要。
Youmustcomeintime.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’thaveto(不必).
----Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?
----Yes,youmust.
----No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.
2)must是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。
Must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式。
1.heplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.
2.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.
3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1.You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.
2.Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.
四、dare,need
1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。
1.HowdareyousayI’munfair?
2.Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?
3.Ifwedarednotgotherethatday,wecouldn’tgetthebeautifulflowers.
2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。
在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should代替。
1.Youneedn’tcomesoearly.
2.----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?
----Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.
3)dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。
在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。
在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
1.Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.
2.Hedoesn’tdare(to)answer.
3.Heneedstofinishhishomeworktoday.
五、shall,should
1)shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
Whatshallwedothisevening?
2)shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1.Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)
2.HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)
3.Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
六、will,would
1)表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?
2)表示意志、愿望和决心。
1.Iwillneverdothatagain.
2.Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.
3)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
would表示过去习惯时比usedto正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
1.Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.
2.Thewoundwouldnotheal.
4)表示估计和猜想。
Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenshelefthome.
七、should,oughtto
1)should,oughtto表示“应该”,oughtto表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
1.Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.
2.Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.
2)表示劝告、建议和命令。
should,oughtto可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
1.Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightaway.
2.ShouldIopenthewindow?
3)表示推测
should,oughtto(客观推测),must(主观推测)。
1.Hemustbehomebynow.(断定他已到家)
2.Heoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.(不太肯定)
3.Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(直爽)
4.Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.(含蓄)
09牛津中考英语专项训练及答案(9)(缺词填空)
(1)
Atdifferenttimesinaman’slifehisfoodhasdifferenteffects(影响)onhisbody.Amongchildrenf
(1)isquicklychangedtothepower(力量)torunandplaygames.Mostofayoungman’sfoodisspentongrowingt
(2);wegrowupwardsonlyd(3)thefirsttwentyyearsofourl(4),notlater.Workingmengettheirstrongbodiesfromtheirfood;andiftheyworkh(5),theydonotgetfat.Officeworkerseatwellands(6)downalot,andmaybegintogrowfatwhenstillquiteyoung.Manyolderp(7)trytoworkmuchandwalkoften.Perhapsthemostdifficulttimeiswhenamanr(8)sixtyyearsofage.Hisbodyandmindb(9)restful,withoutmuchworkorinterest.Thatiswhenfoodchangesquicklytof(10).
1.___________2.__________3.__________4.____________5.___________6.____________7.__________8.___________9.___________10.___________
(2)
Bats(蝙蝠)aretheonlyflying“animals”intheworld.Itisknowntoallthattheycannotseeverywell.“Asb_______
(1)asabat”isoftenh_________
(2).Yet,theyhavenotroubleflyingonthed___________(3)nightsandfindingtheirwayr___________(4)verywell.Whycanbatsflyandseeatnight?
Theyflyby“radar(雷达)”.Thebat'sradarw_________(5)thesamewayastheradaronshipsandplanes.Asabatfliest____________(6)theair,itmakesasound.Ifthesoundshitt__________(7),theywillcomebackandthebat'se___________(8)willreceivethemessage.Inthisway,thebatisa____________(9)toknowwherethethingsare.Batsgooutforf____________________(10)atnight.Inthedaytime,theyhanginsomedarkplaces.
1.___________2.__________3.__________4.____________5.___________
6.____________7.__________8.___________9.___________10.___________
(3)
Tennisisinitssecondlife.ItsfirstgamebeganinFrance.ThenameofthegamecomesfromtheFrenchword“tennez”.TheEnglishmenc___1____thegame“tennis”whentheywatchedtheFrenchmenplay800yearsago.
TheEnglishmenlikedtheFrenchgame.Tenniscourts(球场)werebuiltineverypark,ineverycity,justliketoday.Thetwocountriesplayedagainsteachother.Atfirsttheyplayedforhonor.Thentheyw__2___money.Laterpeoplebegancheating(欺骗)togetmoney.Threehundredyearsagothegamewasforbidden(禁止)tostopthecheating.Thegamea_____3___disappeared.
AmericansfoundtheoldcourtswhentheywenttoEurope100yearsago.Theylearnedw___4____theycoulddoaboutthegame.TheylikedthegameastheEnglishmenhadb___5____.Afterreturninghome,theAmericansbuilttenniscourts.Tennisbegantobecomew__6_____inalltheUnitedStates.Nowitisoneofthemoste_______gamesintheworldagain.
1.________2._________3._________4.____________5.___________6.___________7.___________
(4)
Therearefourpeopleinmyfamily.Everydaymyparentsareverybusyt1tomakemoneyinordertopaythehightuition(学费)formybrotherandme.Theyhardlysay"Iloveyou"orsendf2toeachother.Besides,myfatherhasabadtemper(脾气).Itiseasyforhimtolosehistemperw3he'sverytiredfromthehardwork.Ididn'tknowwhethertherewaslovebetweenthemu4onespring.Atthattime,myfathersuddenlygotbadlysick.Mymotherhadtostaywithhiminthehospitalforamonth.Whentheyreturnedfromthehospital,theybothlookedveryw5asifbothofthemhadaseriousillness.
Aftertheywereback,mymotherhelpedmyfatherwalkslowlyonthecountryroadeverydayinthemorninganddusk.H6,aftertwomonthsmyfatherstillcouldn'twalkbyh7__.Allofuswereworriedabouthim.
"Dad,howareyouf8now?
"Iaskedhimoneday.
"Susan,don'tworryaboutme.”hesaidi9alowvoice.“Ijustlikewalkingwithyourmom.Ilikethiskindoflife.”Readinghiseyes,Iknowhelovesmymotherverymuch.
OnceIthoughtlovem10flowers,presentsandsweetkisses.Butfromthisexperience,Iunderstandthatloveisinside,makinglifestrongandwarm.
1.___________2.__________3.__________4.____________5.___________
6.____________7.__________8.___________9.___________10.___________
(5)
Awomanwaseatinginarestaurant,.Sheaskedthewaitertodomanyt___1___forher.Nowshewasg__2___thewaiteralotoftrouble.f____3___,sheaskedthewaitertoturnontheairconditionerbecauseshef___4_____toohot.Thensheaskedhimtot___5___itoffbecauseshewastoocold.Thiswentonandonforn___6____halfanhour.
Butthewaiterwasverykindand_h__7____.Hedideverythingthewomanasked_h_8___todowithoutgettingangry.F____9___,someoneelseintherestaurantaskedwhythew___10___didn’tjustthrowthewomanout.“Oh,Idon’tcare.”Thewaitersaidandsmiling,“Wedon’tevenhaveanairconditioner.”
1.___________2.__________3.__________4.____________5.___________
6.____________7.__________8.___________9.___________10.___________
(6)
Askpeopletonameasafeplaceandmostwillsay“Home”.ButeveryyeartheBritishGovernment’ssurvey(调查)showsthathomecanbead___1_____place.Lastyear7Britishcitizens(公民)diedwhileputtinguptheirChristmasdecorations(装饰).Over1,600neededm___2______helpafterfallingofftheirchairs.And70peoplehadfatal(致死的)accidentswhilelyinginbed.Itissafetosaythatn_____3____activity(活动)iswithoutdanger.
Someoftheseaccidentsarejusttherisks(冒险)ofmodernliving.Weprefertoriskhavingawashingmachinethatmighthurtusratherthanbesafespendinghourscleaningourclothesbyh____4___.Butmostfatalaccidentsarenottheresultofmechanical(机械的)failure.Thetwomostcommonarefallingdownthestairsandgoingtos___5______inthebath.Thiss____6______thatweareinamoredangeroussituationwhenwefeels___7_______.
1.___________2.__________3.__________4.____________
5.___________6.____________7.__________
(7)
Internationalorganizationsaref__1__tohelpthechildren.Thesep