课时作业41.docx
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课时作业41
课时作业41
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·佛山一中月考)
PeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.
RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenly(均匀的)acrossafaceasWesternersdo,Easternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.
“WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect(忽略)themouth.”
AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincrossculturalsituations.
Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories:
happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.
ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthanWesternersdid.“Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless.”
Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.Otherwise,whenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrosscultures,EasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.
1.ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners________.
A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouth
B.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliable
C.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentways
D.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions
2.Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?
A.Tomakeafaceateachother.
B.Togettheirfacesimpressive.
C.Toclassifysomefacepictures.
D.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.
3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoul.
B.CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotions.
C.EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkills.
D.HowtoIncreaseCrossculturalUnderstanding.
4.IncomparisonwithWesterners,Easternersarelikelyto________.
A.dotranslationmoresuccessfully
B.studythemouthmorefrequently
C.examinetheeyesmoreattentively
D.readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly
答案与解析
由于东西方文化的差异,人们在观察面部表情时也是有差别的。
1.A 细节理解题。
根据第二段“RachaelJack,UniversityofGlasgowresearcher,saidthatratherthanscanningevenly(均匀的)acrossafaceasWesternersdo,Easternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.”可知,西方人是均匀地观察一张脸,而东方人主要是注意眼睛,故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。
根据第五段中的“...whiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories...”可知,他们观察面部表情的图片并分类,故选C。
3.B 主旨大意题。
本文讲述了东西方人在观察面部表情时的区别,这是东西方文化不同的结果,故选B。
4.C 细节理解题。
由文章倒数第二段开头第一句可知答案应为C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·贵州省凯里市第一中学月考)
GaryandCharlielivedinthesametown.They__1__inthesameclass.Graywastallandstrongandranfaster.Hewasoneofthe__2__intheirschool.ButhisfriendCharliewasthinandspent__3__timeonsports.Graywas__4__inhislessonsbecausehewasn'tso__5__asCharlie.AndCharlieoftenhelpedhimwithhislessons.
Thewar__6__assoonasthetwoyoungmenfinishedmiddleschool.Theyboth__7__thearmyandsoontheyweresenttothefront(前线).NowGrayoften__8__Charlie.Andtheyoungmanthankedhisfriendverymuch.
TheofficerwantedtogettheGermans'__9__.Hesentsoldierstogototheenemy'sreararea(敌后).Buttheywerecaptured(俘虏).Hehadto__10__thesecondgroup,thenthethird.Buttheywereallmissing.__11__ofthesoldierswoulddoit.Atlasttheofficer__12__anysoldier__13__couldcaptureaGermanwouldberewarded(奖赏)200dollars.Grayalways__14__togetrichandaskedtodoitwithCharlie.Theywalked__15__theforest,crossedtheriversandreachedthevillagewheretheGermansstayed.Theyfoundthereweretheenemysoldierseverywhere.Theyhadtostayinabrokenhouseuntil__16__fell.Buttheyweresotiredthat__17__theywereboth__18__.AtmidnightGrayheardsomenoise.He__19__atonceandfoundtherescoresofGermansaroundthehouse.HewokeCharlieupatonceandsaid__20__,“We'llsoongetrich!
”
1.A.worked B.studied
C.livedD.played
2.A.fightersB.policemen
C.athletesD.actors
3.A.littleB.alittle
C.fewD.afew
4.A.wellB.good
C.weakD.bad
5.A.ableB.polite
C.friendlyD.clever
6.A.brokeoutB.hurriedoff
C.foundoutD.putout
7.A.wenttoB.escapedfrom
C.joinedD.tookpartin
8.A.savedB.helped
C.beatD.punished
9.A.newsB.newspapers
C.booksD.information
10.A.takeB.bring
C.sendD.ask
11.A.AllB.None
C.BothD.Neither
12.A.promisedB.guessed
C.thoughtD.ordered
13.A.whatB.who
C./D.which
14.A.preparedB.planned
C.advisedD.hoped
15.A.throughB.across
C.crossingD.past
16.A.thesunB.themoon
C.nightD.dawn
17.A.beforeatimeB.longago
C.longbeforeD.beforelong
18.A.asleepB.alive
C.aloneD.afraid
19.A.laydownB.satdown
C.stoodupD.turnedoff
20.A.angrilyB.excitedly
C.carefullyD.carelessly
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文。
记叙了从小一起读书后来一起参军战斗的Gray和Charlie,他们两人各有特色,Gray高大威猛而且贪财,Charlie瘦小但聪明。
1.B 考查动词。
句意:
他们在同一个班级学习,故选B。
2.C 考查名词。
根据前文“Graywastallandstrongandranfaster.”Gray高大威猛而且跑的快,可知此处他是校田径运动员之一,故选C。
3.A 考查形容词。
句意:
但是他的朋友Charlie瘦小且花费很少的时间在体育上,故选A。
4.C 考查形容词。
根据后文“Charlieoftenhelpedhimwithhislessons.”Charlie经常帮助他学习,说明Gray在学习方面是差的,故选C。
5.D 考查形容词。
句意:
Gray学习差因为他没有Charlie聪明,故选D。
6.A 考查动词短语。
根据后文“Theybothjoinedthearmyandsoontheyweresenttothefront(前线).”他们参军被派往前线,说明战争爆发,故选A。
7.C 考查动词。
前文说战争爆发,所以此处是他们两个都参军了,故选C。
8.B 考查动词。
句意:
现在Gray经常帮助Charlie,故选B。
9.D 考查名词。
根据后文“Hesentsoldierstogototheenemy'sreararea(敌后).”长官派士兵到敌后方,故此处为想得到德国人的一些情报,故选D。
10.C 考查动词。
句意:
他不得不派遣第二组,前文中的sent为原词复现,故选C。
11.B 考查代词。
根据前文“Buttheywereallmissing.”他们所有的人都消失了,所以此处为他们没有一个人完成任务,故选B。
12.A 考查动词。
句意:
最后长官承诺任何征服一名德国士兵的人将会得到200美元的奖赏,故选A。
13.B 考查连词。
此处为who引导的定语从句,故选B。
14.D 考查动词。
句意:
Gray希望变得富有并要求和Charlie一起做,故选D。
15.A 考查介词。
根据后文“crossedtheriversandreachedthevillagewheretheGermansstayed.”可知此处为他们步行通过森林,故选A。
16.C 考查名词。
前文“Theyfoundthereweretheenemysoldierseverywhere.”他们发现到处是敌人,所以此处他们只能等到夜晚行动,故选C。
17.D 考查连词。
句意:
他们是如此的累以至于他们不久后就入睡了,故选D。
18.A 考查形容词。
前文说他们很累,所以此处应该为入睡,故选A。
19.C 考查动词短语。
句意:
午夜时刻,Gray听到一些噪音,他立刻站起来,故选C。
20.B 考查副词。
句意:
他立刻叫醒Charlie,兴奋地说:
“我们就要变富了”,故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·湖南省岳阳县第一中学质检)
APEC,__1__(establish)in1989,isshort__2__AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation.InJanuary1989,AustralianPrimeMinisterraisedtheproposalduringhisvisittoSeoul,RepublicofKorea.Afterconsultations(咨询会)withrelevantcountries,thefirstministerial(部长级的)meeting__3__(hold)inCanberra,Australiafrom6to7November1989.
APEC,__4__goalistoadvanceAsiaPacificeconomicdevelopment,isworkinghardtomeetthedemandsofgrowinginterdependenceamongAsiaPacificcountries.More__5__(importance),thepurposeofAPECmeetingistopromotefreetradeandcooperationandto__6__(strength)anopenmultilateral(多边的)tradingsystem.TheactivitiesofAPECcoverthepromotionof__7__(region)trade,investment,finance,humanresourcesdevelopmentandtechnologytransfer.APEChas21membercountriessofar.
CooperationamongAPEC'smembersisgovernedbytheprincipleofequalrespectfortheviewsofallparticipants,anditisbecauseofthisprinciple__8__“mutual(相互的)respectandmutualbenefit”becomesitsconsensus.
Thisyearmarks__9__25thanniversaryofAPEC,and__10__thehostofAPECthisyear,ChinaisconfidentabouttheupcomingAPECleadershipsummit.
答案与解析
本文介绍了亚太经合组织。
1.established 考查非谓语动词。
此处用插入语表示建立年份,用过去分词表示被动,故填established。
2.for 考查介词。
beshortfor是……的简称;是……的缩写;是AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation的缩写,故填for。
3.washeld 考查被动语态。
会议在堪培拉举行,会议是被举行的,故填washeld。
4.whose 考查定语从句。
此处的先行词是APEC,用whose引导,指的是亚太经合组织的目标,故填whose。
5.importantly/important 考查固定用法。
句意上都是表达“更加重要地是”。
不同点在于,importantly是副词,moreimportantly是“重要性”副词的比较级;而important是形容词,moreimportant是“重要性”形容词的比较级,副词及副词的比较级可以放句首表强调,故填importantly/important皆可。
6.strengthen 考查句意理解。
根据前边topromote可知,此处与前文的topromote并列,应该用一样的动词形式,故填strengthen。
7.regional 考查形容词。
此处修饰后面的名词,应该用形容词形式,故填regional。
8.that 考查强调句式。
强调句式结构为Itis/was...that...,故填that。
9.the 考查冠词。
此处表示的是第25周年,表示特指,故填the。
10.as 考查连词。
用as表示作为,作为今年会议的东道主。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·湖南省衡阳市第八中学月考)
Haveyoueverhadaheadacheduringatest?
Haveyoueverbeentooworriedaboutsomethingthatyouhaveaheadacheorevencan'tsleepatnight?
Ifso,thenyouknowthatstressis.
Notallstressisbadforyou.Somekindsofstresscanhelpyougetthingsdobetter,likewhenyouarerunningtowardsthefinishinglineorwhenyouarebeingaskedtogiveaspeechtoyourclass.Stresssometimescanhelppushyoutomakefullpreparationforatest.However,toomuchstresscanresultinanger,depressionandotherrelatedproblems,whichweneedtotakeserious.
Therearemanythingsinourlifewhatmightcausestress—havingtoomuchhomework,takingadifficulttest,andhavingeconomicproblems.
It'simpossibletolivealifecompletelyfreeofstress,soyoushouldlearntodealwithstress.Thebestwayreducestressistohaveabalancelife.Ifyougetenoughsleep,eatproperly,takemoreexercisea