吉林大学计算机导论复习重点.doc
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Chapter1ComputerandData
Knowledgepoint:
1.1Thecomputerasablackbox.
1.2vonNeumannmodel
1.3Thecomponentsofacomputer:
hardware,software,anddata.
1.4Thehistoryofcomputers.
REVIEWQUESTIONS
1.Howiscomputersciencedefinedinthisbook?
A：
Issuesrelatedtothecomputer.
2.Whatmodelisthebasisfortoday’scomputers?
（Knowledgepoint1.2）
A：
ThevonNeumannmodel.
3.Whyshouldn’tyoucallacomputeradataprocessor?
（Knowledgepoint1.1）
A：
Computerisgeneral-purposemachine.itcandomanydifferenttypesoftasks.
4.Whatdoesaprogrammabledataprocessorrequiretoproduceoutputdata?
（Knowledgepoint1.1）
A：
Theinputdataandtheprogram.
5.WhatarethesubsystemsofthevonNeumanncomputermodel?
（Knowledgepoint1.2）
A：
Memory,arithmeticlogicunit,controlunit,andinput/output.
6.WhatisthefunctionofthememorysubsysteminvonNeumann’smodel?
（Knowledgepoint1.2）
A：
Memoryisthestoragearea.Itiswhereprogramsanddataarestoredduringprocessing.
7.WhatisthefunctionoftheALUsubsysteminvonNeumann’smodel?
（Knowledgepoint1.2）
A：
ALUiswherecalculationandlogicaloperationstakeplace.
8.WhatisthefunctionofthecontrolunitsubsysteminvonNeumann’smodel?
（Knowledgepoint1.2）
A：
Itcontrolstheoperationsofthememory,ALU,andtheinput/outputsubsystem.
9.Whatisthefunctionoftheinput/outputsubsysteminvonNeumann’smodel?
（Knowledgepoint1.2）
A：
Theinputsubsystemacceptsinputdataandtheprogramfromoutsidethecomputer;theoutputsubsystemsendstheresultofprocessingtotheoutside.
10.CompareandcontrastthememorycontentsofearlycomputerswiththememorycontentsofacomputerbasedonthevonNeumannmodel?
（Knowledgepoint1.2）
A：
ComputerbasedonthevonNeumannmodelstoresboththeprogramanditscorrespondingdatainthememory.Earlycomputersonlystoredthedatainthememory.
11.HowdidthevonNeumannmodelchangetheconceptofprogramming?
（Knowledgepoint1.2）
A：
AprograminthevonNeumannmodelismadeofafinitenumberofinstructions.Theinstructionsareexecutedoneafteranother.
12.Thefirstelectronicspecial-purposecomputerwascalledc（Knowledgepoint1.4）
a.Pascalb.Pascalinec.ABCd.EDVAC
13.OneofthefirstcomputersbasedonthevonNeumannmodelwascalledd（Knowledgepoint1.4）
a.Pascalb.Pascalinec.ABCd.EDVAC
14.Thefirstcomputingmachinetousetheideaofstorageandprogrammingwascalledd（Knowledgepoint1.4）
a.theMadelineb.EDVACc.theBabbagemachined.theJacquardloom
15.dseparatedtheprogrammingtaskfromthecomputeroperationtasks.（Knowledgepoint1.3）
a.Algorithmsb.Dataprocessorsc.High-levelprogramminglanguagesd.Operatingsystems
30.AccordingtothevonNeumannmodel,cantheharddiskoftodaybeusedasinputoroutput?
Explain.（Knowledgepoint1.2）
A：
Yes.Whentheharddiskstoresdatathatresultsfromprocessing,itisconsideredanoutputdevice;whenyoureaddatafromtheharddisk,itisconsideredaninputdevice.
32.Whichismoreexpensivetoday,hardwareorsoftware?
（Knowledgepoint1.3）
A：
Software.
Chapter2DataRepresentation
Knowledgepoint:
2.1DataTypes.
2.2DatainsidetheComputer.
2.3RepresentingData.
2.4HexadecimalandOctalnotation.
REVIEWQUESTIONS
1.Namefivetypesofdatathatacomputercanprocess.（Knowledgepoint2.1）
A：
Numbers,text,images,audio,andvideo.
2.Howdoesacomputerdealwithallthedatatypesitmustprocess?
（Knowledgepoint2.2）
A：
Alldatatypesaretransformedintobitpattern.
3.
4.WhatisthedifferencebetweenASCIIandextendedASCII?
（Knowledgepoint2.3）
A：
ASCIIisabitpatternmadeof7bitsandextendedASCIIisabitpatternmadeof8bits.
5.WhatisEBCDIC?
（Knowledgepoint2.3）
A：
ExtendedBinaryCodedDecimalInterchangeCode.
6.Howisbitpatternlengthrelatedtothenumberofsymbolsthebitpatterncanrepresent?
（Knowledgepoint2.3）
A：
Therelationshipislogarithmic.
7.
8.
9.Whatstepsareneededtoconvertaudiodatatobitpatterns?
（Knowledgepoint2.3）
A：
Sampling,Quantization,andCoding.
10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenimagedataandvideodata?
（Knowledgepoint2.3）
A：
Videoisarepresentationofimagesintime.
34.Acompanyhasdecidedtoassignauniquebitpatterntoeachemployee.Ifthecompanyhas900employees,whatistheminimumnumberofbitsneededtocreatethissystemofrepresentation?
Howmanypatternsareunassigned?
Ifthecompanyhiresanother300employees,shoulditincreasethenumberofbits?
Explainyouranswer.（Knowledgepoint2.3）
A：
log2900≈10,
210-900=124,
Yes,900+300>210
Chapter3NumberRepresentation
Knowledgepoint:
3.1Convertanumberfromdecimal,hexadecimal,andoctaltobinarynotationandviceversa.
3.2Integerrepres
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