被动语态.docx
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被动语态
被动语态
一、被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1)am/is/are+done一般现在时
例:
Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.
2)has/havebeendone现在完成时
例:
Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.
3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时
例:
Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.
4)was/weredone一般过去时
例:
IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
5)hadbeendone过去完成时
例:
Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.
6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时
例:
AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.
7)shall/willbedone一般将来时
例:
Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为:
情态动词+be+过去分词。
例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.
2)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.
3.非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。
例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.
二、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。
有:
Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。
例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)
三、主动表被动的情况
1.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme).
2.在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.
3.在therebe…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。
例Thereisnotimetolose.
Thereisalwaysmuchhouseworktodointhehouse.
4.由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?
六、被动语态与高考试题赏析
1.高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.(NMET1993)
A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served
解析B因为serve是及物动词,其动作承受者tea作主语,表示经常发生的情况,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NMET2002)
A.killedB.iskilled
C.waskilledD.waskilling
解析CTed是kill的承受者,用被动语态,且Ted救人发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
3).----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?
----Notyet,therooms_____.(NMET1991)
A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainting
C.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting
解析A“house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系,排除B,D。
后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。
不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作,排除C。
4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.(上海春2003)
A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided
C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided
解析Ddecide是及物动词,动作的发出者通常是人,句中的主语是动作的承受者,所以decide要用被动语态。
从题干的语境和关键词yet,可判断用现在完成时,不定式做主语用单数,故用现在完成时的被动语态。
5).Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets___.(上海春2001)
A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbooked
C.werebookedD.havebeenbooked
解析B句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者,主谓为被动关系,又因票已被订出应发生在enteredtheoffice这个过去动作之前,所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。
2.高考对非谓语动词语态的考查
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时,须用被动式。
弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。
1).Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002)
A.toseeB.tobeseen
C.seeingD.seen
解析B根据题意,那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作,应使用不定式,故排除掉C、D两项;又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者,即“到国外旅行”这件事,这件事有待于“被决定”,应使用动词不定式的被动形式。
2).Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(上海1996)
A.topersuadedB.persuading
C.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
解析Ccan’thelpdoing“禁不住做某事”,排除A和D;顾客应是“被劝说”购物的,要用动名词的被动语态。
3).Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho___forthespoiledchild.(上海2002)
A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblame
C.istobeblamedD.shouldblame
解析Afeel的宾语从句为强调句型,在betodo结构中,在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态,如toblame,tolet等。
【强化训练】
1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner.
A.arenotkept;willhaveto
B.arenotkept;have
C.donotkeep;willhaveto
D.donotkeep;haveto
2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.
A.developed
B.havedeveloped
C.arebeingdeveloped
D.willhavebeendeveloped
3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
---Yes,italldependsontheweather.
A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetold
C.I'mtoldD.Itold
4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.
A.hascompletedB.completes
C.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted
5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.
A.cutB.arecut
C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut
6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.
A.hasbeendesigned
B.hadbeendesigned
C.wasdesigned
D.wouldbedesigned
7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.
A.breaksB.hasbroken
C.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken
8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.
A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup
B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup
C.havetakenplace;havesetup
D.weretakenplace;weresetup
9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.
A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost
10.---Look!
Everythinghereisunderconstruction.
---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?
A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuilt
C.isbuiltD.isbuilding
11.---Doyoulikethematerial?
---Yes,it___verysoft.
A.isfeelingB.felt
C.feelsD.isfelt
12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese.
A.writeB.towrite
C.tobewrittenD.written
13.Ihavenomoreletters____,thankyou.
A.totypeB.typing
C.tobetypedD.typed
14.Takecare!
Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.
A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedout
C.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout
15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.
A.beputupB.givein
C.beturnedonD.goout
16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.
A.belongsB.arebelongedto
C.belongstoD.belongto
17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?
---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.
A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread
18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.
A.catchingB.tobecaught
C.beingcaughtD.tocatch
19.Thispageneeded___again.
A.beingcheckedB.checked
C.tocheckD.tobechecked
20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises
A.HavingtaughtB.Havingbeentaught
C.taughtD.Teaching
key
1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA
11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB
1.据说他将在几天之后设计出一个新的机器人。
2.钻石是在1971年在巴西发现的。
3.--你搬进新居了吗?
--没有,房间在粉刷。
4.Tim自从3年前失业以来一直未被雇用。
5.从1949年以来,很多大学建立了起来。
6.赢得比赛后,庆祝开始了。
7.多注意你的发音。
8.学生们被要求把课堂上学到的知识引用到实践中去。
1)Itissaidthatanewrobotwillbedesignedbyhiminafewdays.
2)DiamondwasfoundinBrazilin1971
3)“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?
”“Notyet.Theroomisbeingpainted.”
4)Timhasnotbeenemployedsincehelosthisjobthreeyearsago.
5)Agreatnumberofcollegeshavebeenestablishedsince1949.
6)Afterthematchhadbeenwon,thecelebrationbegan.
7)Muchattentionshouldbepaidtoyourpronunciation.
8)Studentsarerequiredtoapplytheknowledgewhichtheygetinclasstopractice,