证券英语的特别语法现象.docx

证券英语的特别语法现象.docx

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证券英语的特别语法现象

证券英语的特别语法现象

　　摘要：

随着经济的快速发展，我国股民越来越多，人们对证券不再陌生。

证券英语的超凡脱俗之处有其语法

创新。

通过大量的实例阐述证券英语特别语法现象，以便忠实而准确地理解、翻译和熟练运用证券英语。

关键词：

证券英语；特别；语法

Abstract：

ThispaperarguesthatsecuritiesEnglishhasspecialgrammarandthatitisimperativethegrammarbegraspedinorderthatthiskindofEnglishshouldbefaithfullyandcorrectlyunderstoodandtranslatedandproficientlyapplied.

Keywords　securitiesEnglish；special；grammar

无论是英文还是中文，证券是一个涵义相当广的概念。

汉语中的“证券”一词，是用以表明各类财产所有权和债权的凭证的统称。

证券所有人凭证券所载内容有权取得相应的权益。

我国《证券法》于１９９８年制定，它明确规范的证券类型是指股票、公司债券和国务院依法认定的其他证券。

美国证券交易委员会把“securities”综合定义为：

anynote,stock,treasurystock,securityfuture,bond,debenture,certificateofinterestorparticipationinanyprofitsharingagreementorinanyoil,gas,orothermineralroyaltyorlease,anycollateral-trustcertificate,pre-organizationcertificateorsubscription,transferableshare,investmentcontract,voting-trustcertificate,certificateofdepositforasecurity,anyput,call,straddle,option,orprivilegeonanysecurity,certificateofdeposit,orgrouporindexofsecurities（includinganyinterestthereinorbasedonthevaluethereof）,oranyput,call,straddle,option,orprivilegeenteredintoonanationalsecuritiesexchangerelatingtoforeigncurrency,oringeneral,anyinstrumentcommonlyknownasa“security”;oranycertificateofinterestorparticipationin,temporaryorinterimcertificatefor,receiptfor,orwarrantorrighttosubscribetoorpurchase,anyoftheforegoing.（Section3aitem10ofthe1934Act）。

英语中的securities在柯林斯COBUILD英语词典中的释义是：

Securitiesarestocks,shares,bonds,orothercertificatesthatyoubuyinordertoearnregularinterestfromthemortosellthemlaterforaprofit。

因此，不管是英语还是汉语，证券都包括股票、债券、权证、期货和期权等等。

证券英语在语法方面决不墨守成规，非常有创意。

１.形容词修饰动词作状语

Companiesgopublicinordertoraisemoneyforthecompany.Theyusethemoneytofinanceexpansions,payforequipment,andfundprojects,etc.

Withaninitialmarginof$2,000inJune,JoebuysoneSeptembercontractofgoldat$350perounce,foratotalof1,000ouncesor$350,000.BybuyinginJune,heisgoinglong,withtheexpectationthatthepriceofgoldwillrisebythetimethecontractexpiresinSeptember.

Supposethatwithaninitialmarginof$3,000,SarasoldoneMaycrudeoilcontracat$25perbarrelforatotalvalueof$25,000.ByMarch,thepriceofoilhadreached$20perbarrelandsheboughtbackthecontractwhichwasvaluedat$20,000.Bygoingshort,shemadeaprofit$5,000.

Somenewdot-commillionairesinSiliconValleycashedinontheirlatestIPO.Thephenomenonspawnedtheterm“siliconaire”whichdescribedthedot-comentrepreneurswhosuddenlyfoundthemselveslivinglargeduetoIPOsfromtheirInternetcompanies.

Theinvestorsmaybuylowandsellhighifthecompanydoeswell.

这里的buylowandsellhigh相当于buythestockwhenthestockpriceislowandsellthestockwhenthestockpriceishigh,但比后者更简洁明了。

２.形容词原级表示形容词最高级意思

Adailycandlestickisbasedontheopenprice,theintradayhighandlow,andtheclose.

Someinvestorsconsidertheclosingleveltobemoreimportantthantheopen,highorlow.Bypayingattentiontoonlytheclose,intradayswingscanbeignored.Linechartsarealsousedwhenopen,highandlowdatapointsarenotavailable.

３.形容词比较级表示最高级意思

Futurespricehaveapricechangelimitthatdeterminesthepricesbetweenwhichthecontractscantradeonadailybasis.Thepricechangelimitisaddedtoandsubtractedfromthepreviousday’sclose,andtheresultsremaintheupperandlowerpriceboundaryfortheday.Saythatthepricechangelimitonsilverperounceis$Yesterdaythepriceperounceclosedat$5.Today’supperpriceboundaryforsilverwouldbe$andthelowerboundarywouldbe$Atanymomentduringthedaythepriceoffuturescontractsforsilverreacheseitherboundary,theexchangeshutsdownalltradingofsilverfuturesfortheday.

４.形容词当名词用

Theseriesof“lowerhighs”and“lowerlows”islowerthantheformerones,whichisatelltalesignofastockinadowntrend.Inotherwords,eachtimethestockedgedlower,itwentlowerthanitspreviousrelativelowprice.Thesequenceoflowerlowsandlowerhighsisbroken,whichistheindicationthatthedowntrendisatleastpausingandpossiblyending.Atthistimewewouldlikelystopactivelysellingthestock.

Convertiblesearninterestevenwhenthestockistradingdownorsideways,butwhenthestockpricerises,thevalueoftheconvertibleincreases.

这里的convertible等于convertiblebonds。

WithanincreaseofUS$2billionintradingvolumeoverthepreviousweek,theDowJonesIndustrialAverageclosed45pointsupat14,points,hittinganewhighfortwoyears.

５.名词作形容词用

Itisoftensaidthatearningsarethe

bottom-linewhenitcomestovaluingacompany’sstock,andindeedfundamentalanalysisplacesmuchemphasisuponacompany’searnings.

bottom通常是“垫底、最落后”的意思。

bottom-line净利润／亏损。

在财务报表中最后一行显示净利润或亏损。

所以是一个借代修辞格，也有最终结果的意思。

当作形容词用时，它又表示“最主要的、最重要的”。

TheconsoleisgettingnoIPOallotmentmaybeablessingindisguise.Afterall,IPOsmayprovetooriskyforindividualinvestors.Inthedaysofdot-commania,investorscouldthrowmoneyintoanIPOandbealmostguaranteedkillerreturns.NowthetechbubbleburstandtheIPOmarketreturnedtonormal.

Internationaldirectinvestmentcommonlyinvolvesthemovementofproductionfactors,whileinthecaseofinternationalportfolioinvestment,investorssimplypurchasesharesorbondsissuedbyaforeigncompany,whichcanbeliquidatedatmarketpricesatanytime.

Portfolio作名词用时，是“证券投资组合”或“证券投资组合清单”的意思，而作形容词用时，是“证券的”或“与证券有关的”的意思。

Aprivatecompanycangetpublicly-listedinaveryrelativelyshorttimeperiodbyreversemerger.Theprivatecompanythathasstrongprospectsandiseagertoraisefinancingbuysapublicly-listedshellcompany,usuallyonewithnobusinessandlimitedassets.Togetherthetwocompaniesbecomeanentirelynewpubliccorporationwithtradableshares.

６.名词动用

Thegovernmenttriedtobullthemarkettostimulateinvestorstoputtheirmoneytothestock.

Somespeculatorsattempttobearthestockmarket.

Bytechnicalanalysisprofitscanbemadeinanymarketbypositioningourselvesinthedirectionofthepricetrend.

TheHangSengIndex’sdeclinelastweekfollowingthebreakoftheDecemberlowsmaybottomatkeysupportinthe11,200－11,400area.

Incomestockscanactuallybemoreprofitablethanbonds.Tomaximizeincome,someinvestorswillevenseekoutcompaniesthatfrequentlyraisetheirdividendsandarenotsaddledwithdebt.

７.动词当形容词用

Duringthepastyear,theGrouphasactedasleadinternationalunderwriterinmorethan20fund-raisingtransactionsinvolvingtotalfundsofUS$860million.

８.副词当形容词用

Itisusuallyreportedtobeupordownascomparedtothepreviousday’sbusiness.

股票的价格受多方面因素的影响，如受整个行业景气程度、周边股市甚至全球经济的影响。

因此，股票价格随时都在波动。

证券英语语法就像股票的价格样，具有灵活多样的特征。

结束语

加入世贸组织后的中国经济愈加开放，正大踏步与世界经济接轨，这不仅为外国企业提供巨大商机，同时也为中国企业走向世界参与国际竞争创造条件。

随着国际金融市场的证券化，许多国家的企业通过国际金融市场发行股票和债券，筹集大量资金以满足其资本支出的需要。

因此，了解和掌握证券英语知识是必要的。

要学好证券英语，必须了解其特殊语法现象。

只有掌握了证券英语的特殊语法，我们才能驾轻就熟地翻译和运用证券英语。