九年级化学方程式归纳.docx

九年级化学方程式归纳.docx

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九年级化学方程式归纳

九年级化学方程式归纳（Inductionofchemicalequationingradenine）

Juniorhighschoolchemistrycommonlyusedchemicalformula,chemicalformulaandphenomenoninductioncompleteversion

Chemicalformula：

Hydrogen,H2,oxygen,O2,nitrogen,N2,chlorine,Cl2,ozone,O3,mercury,Hg,sulfur,S,water,H2O,magnesium,Mg,carbonmonoxide,CO,carbondioxide,CO2

MagnesiumOxideMgOHgOsulfurdioxideSO2oxidecopperoxideCuOCaOcalciumoxideironoxideFe3O4Fe3O4Fe2O3

P2O5MnO2HClhydrogenchloridemanganesepentoxideandsodiumchlorideNaClcalciumchloridepotassiummanganateK2MnO4PotassiumPermanganateKMnO4CaCl2

PotassiumchlorateKClO3hydroxyl（-1）nitrateOH（-1）NO3hyperchlorite（-1）ClO3（-2）SO4manganesesulfateradical（-2）MnO4

（-2）CO3ammoniumcarbonate（+1）NH4NaOHCa（OH）sodiumhydroxide2KOHpotassiumhydroxideammoniumnitrateNH4NO3

Nitricacid,NHO3,sulfuricacid,H2SO4,coppersulfate,CuSO4,ferroussulfate,FeSO4,calciumcarbonate,CaCO3,carbonicacid,H2CO3,aceticacid,CH3COOH

Methane,CH4,ethanol,C2H5OH,ammonia,NH3'H2O,rust,Fe2O3'xH2O,starch（C6,H10,O5）,N,glucose,C6,H12,O6

Achemicalequationrelatingtooxygen:

2Mg+O2ignitesthe====2MgOphenomenon:

burning,emittingalotofheat,andemittingdazzlingwhitelight

S+O2ignitesthe====SO2phenomenon:

intheairisalightblueflame;inpureoxygenisabluevioletflame;simultaneouslyproducesapungentodorofgas.

C+O2ignitesthe====CO2phenomenon:

producinggasesthatallowpurelimewatertobecomecloudy

2C+O2ignite====2COphenomenon:

combustionphenomenon,otherphenomenaarenotobvious

4P+5O2ignitesthe====2P2O5phenomenon:

produceswhitesmoke

3Fe+2O2ignitesthe====Fe3O4phenomenon:

intensecombustion,sparks,andtheformationofblacksolids

2H2+O2ignitesthe====2H2Ophenomenon:

alightblueflame

2H2O2MnO2====2H2O+O2=phenomenon:

thesolutionoutofalargenumberofbubbles

2HgO====2Hg+O2=phenomenon:

formationofsilverwhiteliquidmetal

2KClO3MnO2====2KCl+3O2=phenomenon:

generationcanmakegaswithMars,theresurgenceofwood

2KMnO4====K2MnO4+MnO2+O2=:

ibid,

Achemicalequationrelatingtohydrogen:

2H2+O2ignitesthe====2H2Ophenomenon:

alightblueflame

Zn+H2SO4==ZnSO4+H2=phenomenon:

gascombustiongeneration

Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2=phenomenon:

ibid.

Fe+H2SO4==FeSO4+H2=phenomenon:

intoashallowgreensolution,whilethereleaseofgas

2Al+3H2SO4==Al2（SO4）3+3H2=phenomenon:

gasgeneration

Zn+2HCl==ZnCl2+H2=phenomenon:

ibid.

Mg+2HCl==MgCl2+H2=phenomenon:

ibid.

Fe+2HCl==FeCl2+H2=phenomenon:

thesolutionturnslightgreen,whilethereleaseofgas

2Al+6HCl==2AlCl3+3H2=phenomenon:

gasgeneration

Delta

H2+CuO====Cu+H2Ophenomenon:

changefromblacksolidtored,

Waterdropletsaregeneratedatthesametime

hightemperature

2Fe2O3+3H2=====2Fe+3H2Ophenomenon:

waterdropletsareformed,andthesolidcolorischangedfromredtosilver

Carbonrelatedchemicalequations:

C+O2ignites====CO2（oxygensufficient）phenomenon:

producesthegaswhichcanmakethepurelimewatermuddy

2C+O2ignites====2CO（oxygendeficient）phenomenon:

notobvious

hightemperature

C+2CuO=====2Cu+CO2phenomenon:

solidarrowsfromblacktored,whilethegascanmakethepurelimewaterturbidgeneration

hightemperature

3C+2Fe2O3=====4Fe+3CO2=phenomenon:

solidredgraduallybecomeblack,gascanmakethepurelimewaterturbidgeneration

CO2+Chightemperature====2COphenomenon:

Blacksolidsgraduallydecreased

3C+2H2O=CH4+2COphenomenon:

theresultinggasmixtureiscalledwatergas,bothofwhicharecombustiongases

Achemicalequationassociatedwithcarbondioxide:

C+O2ignitesthe====CO2phenomenon:

producinggasesthatmakepurelimewatermuddy

Ca（OH）2+CO2===CaCO3:

+H2Ophenomenon:

generationofwhiteprecipitate,testforcarbondioxide

CaCO3+CO2+H2O===Ca（HCO3）2phenomenon:

gradualdissolutionofawhitesolid

Ca（HCO3）:

+CO2=+H2O====CaCO3phenomenon:

generationofwhiteprecipitate,andgascanmakethepurelimewaterturbidgeneration

Cu2（OH）2CO3Delta====2CuO+H2O+CO2=phenomenon:

solidfromgreengraduallybecomeblack,whilethegascanmakethepurelimewaterturbidgeneration

2NaOH+CO2===Na2CO3+H2O（alsoKOH）phenomenon:

notobvious

CaCO3====CaO+CO2=hightemperaturephenomenon:

gascanmakethepurelimewaterturbidgeneration

Associatedwithcarbonmonoxide,butalsorelatedtocarbondioxide:

hightemperature

Fe3O4+4CO====3Fe+4CO2phenomenon:

solidschangefromblacktosilver,whilegasesfrompurelimewaterbecometurbid

hightemperature

FeO+CO===Fe+CO2phenomenon:

solidschangefromblacktosilver,whilegasesfrompurelimewaterbecometurbid

hightemperature

Fe2O3+3CO====2Fe+3CO2phenomenon:

solidschangefromredtosilver,whilegasesfrompurelimewaterbecometurbid

Delta

CuO+CO====Cu+CO2phenomenon:

solidschangefromblacktored,whilegasesfrompurelimewaterbecometurbid

Chemicalformularelatedtohydrochloricacid:

NaOH（alsoforKOH）+HCl==NaCl+H2Ophenomenon:

notobvious

HCl+AgNO3==AgCl:

+HNO3phenomenon:

thereisawhiteprecipitate,thisreactionisusedtotestthechlorideion

CaCO3+2HCl==CaCl2+H2O+CO2=Baisephenomenon:

thedissolutionofsolid,gasgenerationcanmakepurelimewaterturbid

Na2CO3+2HCl==2NaCl+H2O+CO2=phenomenon:

gasgenerationcanmakepurelimewaterturbid

NaHCO3+HCl==NaCl+H2O+CO2=phenomenon:

gasgenerationcanmakepurelimewaterturbid

Fe2O3+6HCl==2FeCl3+3H2Ophenomenon:

redsolidgraduallydissolved,formingyellowsolution

Fe（OH）3+3HCl==FeCl3+3H2Ophenomenon:

thereddishbrownflocculentprecipitatedissolvestoformayellowsolution

Cu（OH）2+2HCl==CuCl2+2H2Ophenomenon:

blueprecipitatedissolvestoformyellowgreensolution

CuO+2HCl==CuCl2+H2Ophenomenon:

blacksoliddissolvedintoyellowgreensolution

Zn+2HCl==ZnCl2+H2=phenomenon:

ibid.

Mg+2HCl==MgCl2+H2=phenomenon:

ibid.

Fe+2HCl==FeCl2+H2=phenomenon:

thesolutionturnslightgreen,whilethereleaseofgas

2Al+6HCl==2AlCl3+3H2=phenomenon:

gasgeneration

Thechemicalformulawithsulfuricacid:

2NaOH（orKOH）+H2SO4==Na2SO4+2H2Ophenomenon:

notobvious

Fe2O3+3H2SO4==Fe2（SO4）3+3H2Ophenomenon:

redsoliddissolvedintoyellowsolution

Thechemicalequationrelatedwithnitrate:

Fe2O3+6HNO3==2Fe（NO3）3+3H2Ophenomenon:

redsoliddissolvedintoyellowsolution

CuO+2HNO3==Cu（NO3）2+H2Ophenomenon:

blacksolidsolutionproducesbluesolution

Cu（OH）2+2HNO3==Cu（NO3）2+2H2Ophenomenon:

blueprecipitatedissolvestoformbluesolution

NaOH（orKOH）+HNO3==NaNO3+H2Ophenomenon:

notobvious

Mg（OH）2+2HNO3==Mg（NO3）2+2H2Ophenomenon:

whiteprecipitatedissolution

CaCO3+2HNO3==Ca（NO3）=2+H2O+CO2

=Na2CO3+2HNO3==2NaNO3+H2O+CO2

Thechemicalformulawithalkali:

NaOH+HCl（orHNO3,H2SO4）==NaCl+H2Ophenomenon:

acid-baseneutralizationreaction,thephenomenonisnotobvious

CaO+H2O==Ca（OH）2phenomenon:

emittingalargeamountofheat

NaOH（KOH）FeCl3（Fe（NO3）3,Fe2（SO4）3）==Fe（OH）3:

+NaClphenomenon:

generationofredbrownfloc,thereactionprocessinsidethebracketsissimilartothatofthecorrespondingproductline

2NaOH（KOH）+FeCl2（Fe（NO3）2,FeSO4）==Fe（OH）2:

+2NaClphenomenon:

generationofwhitefloc,brackets

Theprocessofreflectionissimilarandtheproductcorresponds

2NaOH（KOH）+CuCl2（Cu（NO3）2,CuSO4）==Cu（OH）2:

+2NaClphenomenon:

generatingbluefloc,reactionprocessinsidethebracketsissimilartothatofcorrespondingproductline

NH4Cl（NH4NO3,（NH4）2SO4）+NaOH（KOH）==NH3=+H2O+NaClphenomenon:

canmakethelitmuspaperbluegasgeneration

MgCl2（Mg（NO3）2,MgSO4）+NaOH（KOH）==Mg（OH）2:

+NaClphenomenon:

generatingwhiteprecipitatereactioninsidethebracketsissimilartothatofthecorrespondingproductline

NaHCO3+NaOH==Na2CO3+H2Ophenomenon:

theNaofthisreactionisnotthesameasK

Ca（HCO3）2+2NaOH==CaCO3:

+Na2CO3+2H2Ophenomenon:

generationofwhiteprecipitate,thisreactionisthesameastheNaforK

2NaOH+CO2==Na2CO3+H2Ophenomenon:

thereisnoobviousphenomenon.ThechangeofNainthisreactionisthesameasthatofK

Ca（OH）2+CO2==CaCO3:

+H2Ophenomenon:

thewhiteprecipitateproduced,thisreactionwasusedtotestforcarbondioxide

NaHSO4+NaOH==Na2SO4+H2Ophenomenon:

noobviousphenomenon

2NaOH+SO2==Na2SO3+H2Ophenomenon:

noobviousphenomenon

Achemicalequationrelatingtobariumsalts:

BaCl2+Na2SO4==BaSO4:

+2NaClphenomenon:

whiteprecipitateinsolubleinacid

BaCl2+Na2CO3==BaCO3:

+2NaCl:

thereisawhiteprecipitateisgeneratedbutsolubleinhydrochloricacidandnitricacid,butsolubleinsulfuricacid,butproducebariumsulfateprecipitation,noteasytosee

Achemicalequationrelatedtocalciumsalts:

CaCl2+Na2CO3==CaCO3:

+2NaCl:

generationofwhiteprecipitationphenomenon

CaCO3+CO2+H2O==Ca（HCO3）2phenomenon:

gradualdissolutionofsolids

Ca（HCO3）2+Ca（OH）2==2CaCO3:

+2H2Ophenomenon:

generatingwhiteprecipitate

Achemicalequationrelatingtoseveralmetalsandtheirsalts:

Copper:

CuSO4?

5H2ODelta====CuSO4+5H2O=phenomenon:

solidchangedfrombluetowhite

hightemperature

CuO+CO====Cu+CO2phenomenon:

solidsgraduallychangefromblacktored,andatthesametime,thereisagasthatmakespurelimewaterturbid

Delta

H2+CuO====Cu+H2Ophenomenon:

solidschangefromblacktored,whilewaterdropletsform

Cu+2AgNO3==Cu（NO3）2+2Agphenomenon:

coppersurfaceslowlygeneratessilverwhitemetal

CuCl2+2NaOH==Cu（OH）2:

+2NaClphenomenon:

Blueflocformation

CuO+H2SO4==CuSO4+H2Ophenomenon:

Blacksolidsdissolvetoformbluesolution

Cu（OH）2+H2SO4==CuSO4+2H2Ophenomenon:

blueprecipitatedissolvestoformbluesolution

Fe（Zn）+CuSO4==FeSO4+Cuphenomenon:

redmetalformation

Cu2（OH）2CO3Delta====2CuO+H2O+CO2=phenomenon:

solidfromgreengraduallybecomeblack,whilethegascanmakethepurelimewater