主谓一致用法总结.docx
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主谓一致用法总结
主谓一致用法总结
I.主谓一致定义
II.谓语受主语支配,和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。
III.例:
Myfavoritefoodisnoodles.
II.主谓一致的重要原则
•语法原则
•意义原则
•就近一致
(一)语法一致
IV.顾名思义,即谓语在语法角度上与主语保持一致,不考虑主语的意义。
V.以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。
例如:
注意:
不定式及动名词作主语时,谓语
动词单数。
E.g.
2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:
Bothyouandheareright.
Mr.andMrs.BrownhaveasoncalledTom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Thepoetandwriterhaswrittenlotsofbooks.
Thepoetandthewriterhavecome.
可通过名词前定冠词来判断。
3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:
Noweverymanandeverywomanhastherighttoreceiveeducation.
4)主语后面跟有but,except,besides,with,togetherwith等介词短语时,谓语动词仍用与主语(即前面的词语)保持一致。
例如:
Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtohaveapicnicinthepark.
Thestudentswiththeteacheraregoingtohaveapicnicinthepark.
Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.
5)集合名词作主语谓语动词要用复数。
如people,police,cattle,clothes等。
集合名词指可用来指称一群对象的词语,这些对象可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。
常见集合名词:
people,police,cattle,goods,clothes等。
e.g.Thepolicearelookingforhim.
•有些集合名词如class,team,group,family根据其表达意义不同,单复数用法也不同。
当表示整体概念时,用单数;表示整体中的人员时,用复数。
e.g.
Ourfamilyisabigone.我有个大家庭。
OurfamilywatchTVtogethereveryevening.我们家人每晚一起看电视。
6)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:
Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem.
但如果这类名词前用了apairof,谓语动词的单复数形式则取决于pair的单复数形式。
例如:
Mynewpairofsocksisveryexpensive.
练习I
(一)选择最佳答案。
1.E-mail,aswellastelephones,____very importantinourdailylife.
A.isB.haveC.areD.has
2.Myshirt_____whiteandmytrousers_____
blue.
A.are;are B.are;is
C.is;is D.is;are
3.NobodybutJane_______thesecret.
A.know B.knows
C.haveknown D.isknown
4.Theysaidtheeighteenthandlastlesson_______quiteeasy.
A.isB.was C.are D.were
二)填空
1.Thefamilyisaveryhappyone.(be)
2.Thefootballteamarehavingabath.(be)
3.Thepoliceweresearchingforthemurdererlastnight.(be)
4.FewlibrariesareasmodernasBeijingLibrary.(be)
5.Thepairofglasseswithametalframe
isbeautifulbutexpensive.(be)
6.Bothriceandcottongrowhere.(grow)
(二)意义一致
谓语在语言意义上与主语保持一致,不考虑主语的单复数语法形式。
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作
主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
例如:
Tenyearsisalongtime.
Twohundreddollarsistoomuchforhim.
2)由all,most,more,some,any,none,therest及分数或百分数“+of+名词”作主语时,谓语要以of后面的名词而定。
名词是复数,谓语用复数:
名词是单数,谓语用单数。
例如:
Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.
Allofthepeoplearefriendlytome.
Halfofthedoctorsherearewomen.
Three–fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.
3)以“定冠词+形容词”作主语如果指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.
Thedeadisafamousperson.
练习II
1.Howtimeflies!
Tenyears________passed.
A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
2.Mostofthehouses_______thisyear.
A.hasbuiltB.havebuilt
C.hasbeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt
1.Howtimeflies!
Tenyears________passed.
A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
2.Mostofthehouses_______thisyear.
A.hasbuiltB.havebuilt
C.hasbeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilt
3._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.
A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifth;are
C.Twofifths;is D.Twofifths;are
4.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth.Therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.
A.are/is B.are/are
C.is/areD.is/is
3._____ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.
A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifth;are
C.Twofifths;is D.Twofifths;are
4.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth.Therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.
A.are/is B.are/are
C.is/areD.is/is
三)就近一致
(1)即谓语的单复数由距离其最近的句子成分来决定。
1通常遵循就近原则的词或词组有:
or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso。
例:
EitheryouorIamright.
Neithermysisternormybrotherslikethemovie.
2)Therebe句型使用就近原则。
•Therearesevendwarfsandabeautifulladylivingintheforest.
VI.Therehasbeenayearandsevendayssinceheleft.
(一)选出最佳答案
1.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother______d__totheSummerPalace.Theyhaven’tbeenback.
A.havebeenB.havegone
C.hasbeenD.hasgone
2.Neithermyfather__a______goingtoseethepatient.
A.norIamB.norIare
C.ormeareD.ormeis
3.____d__Helen______JoanspeaksbeautifulChineseaftertheycametoChina.
A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalso
C.Both;and D.AandB
4.___d____ofthemhashisownopinion.
A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each
5.Nobodybuttwostudents____a__leftintheclassroom.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
6.Three-fourthsofthehomework______today.
A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinished
C.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished
7.Manypeoplesay10,000_______alotofmoney.
A.dollarisB.dollarsare
C.dollarsisD.dollarare
8.Thepolice_______soon.
A.iscomingB.arecoming
C.hascomeD.havecome
6.Three-fourthsofthehomework_b_____today.
A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinished
C.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished
7.Manypeoplesay10,000___c____alotofmoney.
A.dollarisB.dollarsare
C.dollarsisD.dollarare
8.Thepolice_____b__soon.
A.iscomingB.arecoming
C.hascomeD.havecome
9.-WhenareyougoingtoKunmingforyourholidays?
-Ihaven’tdecided.______thisSunday______nextSundayisOK.
A.Both;andB.Either;or
C.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso
10.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____there
whenthemeetingbegan.
A.isB.wasC.are D.were
9.-WhenareyougoingtoKunmingforyourholidays?
-Ihaven’tdecided.______thisSunday______nextSundayisOK.
A.Both;andB.Either;or
C.Neither;norD.Notonly;butalso
10.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____there
whenthemeetingbegan.
A.isB.wasC.are D.were
11.Mostofthehouses_______thisyear.
A.hasbuiltB.havebuilt
C.hasbeenbuilt D.havebeenbuilt
12.There_____alotofgoodnewsintoday’snewspaper.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
VII.