四级第二套打印.docx

四级第二套打印.docx

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四级第二套打印

大学英语四级预测试卷

（一）

PartHIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Climatechangehasclaimeditslatestvictim：

Limacinahelicina，aplanktonic，predatory（捕食的）seasnailthat’samemberofthetaxonomicgroupmore（36）

__________knownasseabutterflies．（Thenameis（37）__________fromthewing-likelobes（叶瓣）thetinycreaturesusetogetaround．）Inastudy（38）__________publishedinjoumalProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB，agroupofscientistsfromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration（NOAA）andOregonStateUniversityhavefQundthatthePacificOcean’sdecreasingpH—itsacidifying（酸化），inotherwords-isdissolvingL．helicina’sthinshells．

Theresearcherscollectedseabutterfly（39）__________from13sitesalongthePacificcoast（betweenWashingtonandsouthernCaliforniA.，goingovereachwithascanningelectronmicroscope．Morethanhalfoftheshells（53％）fromonshoreindividuals（40）__________signsof“severedissolutiondamage，”while24％of（41）

__________individualssuffereddissolutiondamage．Thestudy’s（42）__________investigator,Dr．NinaBednarsekofNOAA，describedtheaffectedL．helicinashellsashavingatexturenotunlike“cauliflower”or“sandpaper．”

Accordingtothepaper，therewasa“strongpositive（43）__________”betweentheproportionofseabutterflieswithsevereshelldissolutiondamageand“thepercentageofundersaturated（未达到饱和的）water”neartheocean’ssurface．Theresearchersconclude“shelldissolutionowingto（human．causedocean（44）_________）

hasdoubledinnearshorehabitatssincepre．industrialconditionsacrossthisregionandisontracktotripleby2050，”atruly（45）__________prediction．Moreover,thebroaderimplicationsforecosystemareunclear,asdamagedshellsmakeitharderforL．helicinatofightinfections，staybuoyant，andprotectthemselvesfrompredators．

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A.showedB.recentlyC.protectedD.commonlyE.derivedF.samplesG.offshore

H.principalI.noticedJ.correlationK.encouragingL.seaward

M.acidificationN.grimO.pollution

SectionB

Directions：

Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit．Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs．Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived．Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce．Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter．AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2．

IntoanUnknownWorld

A.Brainchipsmeanwearestrugglingtodistinguishourownthoughtsfromideasimplantedbyadvertisers．Self-drivingcarsrestrictold．schoolhumandriverstospecialrecreationparks．Andtheoptimal（最佳的）numberoffingersis12．5．

B.Confused?

It’savisionoftheworldin25years，asdreamedupbytoday’sresearchersincomputer-humaninteraction（CHI）．

C.CHInormallymeansinvestigatingbetterwaysforpeopletointeractwithdeviceswehavenow,butlastweekattendeesattheannualconferenceinToront0，Canada，gotaheadofthemselves．Theycreatedanimaginaryconferenceagendafor2039thatpredictsthekindsofchallengeswewillfacewithfuturecomputers--manyofwhichwillbeimplanted．

D.“It’smeanttobesortofthefringes（边缘）ofhuman--computerinteractionresearch，what’sreallyedgyorprovocative，”saysEricBaumerofCornellUniversityinIthaca，NewYork，whodreameduptheideaoftheconference．“There’salotofretrospectivethinkingaboutthepast，butthere’snotasmuchthinkingaboutwhatarethefuturestowardwhichwethinkwe’reworking．”

E.Weusedtheabstractstocreatealistofthequestionswe—ormoreaccurately．ourcyborgdescendants--mighthaveaboutcomputersin2039．

Isitweirdwhenmyorganstalktoeachother?

F.Inanabstractentitled“Myliverandmykidneycomparednotes”，IBMresearcherMichaelMuller,basedinCambridge，Massachusetts，looksatwhathappenswhentheimplantedmonitorsonpeople’sintemalorgans—anetworkhecallsArterionet--areabletosharedataandpoolknowledgetoofferenhancedhealthtips．

G.Hisconclusion：

“Whilemostuserswereskeptical．manyusersproposedadditionalfeaturesthatcouldleadtogreateracceptanceandcompliancewithsuchrecommendations．”

H.It’sworththinkingabouthowpeoplemightdealwithhealthtipsfromorganmonitors．Wearabletechnologythattracksyouractivityoryourhealthstatusisslowlygainingpopularitywhileresearchersearlierthisyearimplantedpower-generatingsiliconestripsonthehearts，lungsanddiaphragms（横膈膜）oflivecows，pigsandsheep．MullersaysthebiggestchallengetocreatingArterionetwillbefiguringouthowtofittheartificialintelligenceinasufficientlysmallandsafepackage．

WhydoplantsneedtheirownFacebook,again?

I.Tounderstandthisquestion，youneedtoknowaboutPlantastic，thebrainchildofBillTomlinsonandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine．

J.Intheirabstract，theyreasonthattomakeourfoodsupplymoresustainable，itmaymakesensetogrowmorefruitsandvegetablesclosetohome．Butcertaincropsthrivewhenthey’regrowninlargequantitiesoralongsidecertainotherplants--tootallallorderfortheaveragefarmer．

K.EnterPlantastic，whichwouldadvisewhatplantswouldworkbestforyourareaandtellyouwhatpeopleintheneighbourhoodaregrowin9．Nanochipsonplantswouldfeeddatabacktothesite．Thatinformationinturncouldbeusedto1earnmoreaboutwhatgrowsbestinwhichenvironment．

L.Assumingpeoplewillwanttoknowwhetherthisaddsanythin9，Tomlinson’steamcreatedafictional（虚构的）studythatlooksatlobackyardgardensovertwogrowingseasons．ItsuggeststhatusingPlantasticwillincreaseyieldsby4to12percent．

M.Tomlinson’sgraduatestudentJulietNortonisworkingonanearlyversionofwhattheonlinesystemmightlooklike．

Autonomouscarshavemadedrivingsoboring--whatshallIdoinstead?

N.AndreasRienerattheInstituteforPervasiveComputinginLinz．Austria，haswrittenanabstractthatstartswithaboldviewofthefuture：

“Thefirstself-drivingcarcruisedonourroadsin2019．Now,20yearsafter,itistimetoreviewhowthisinnovationhaschangedourmobilitybehaviour．”

O.Thisvisionisrootedinarealtrend．Self-drivingcarshavebeenmakingheadlinesforseveralyearsnow．TheyarelegaltodriveinthestateofNevada．andGoogle’sdriverlesscarhasalreadyrackeduphundredsofthousandsofpracticemiles．

P.Reiner’scontributionistoexplorehowthiswillchangeus．Hepredictsthatoncetherobotstakethewheeleverywhere．manyofuswillloseinterestindrivingaltogether．Fewerofuswillownourowncars．Thosewhodowon’twasteasmuchtimepimpingthemoutordrivingaroundiustforfun．Peoplewhostilllovecarsmighthavetoseektheirthrillsinspecial“recreationparks”．wheretheycandrivemanuallyinanartificialenvironment．“IfthevehiclesofthefutureareonlyameanstogetfromAtoB，thiscarculturewouldgetlost．”hesays．

DidIjustthinkupthatideaordidanadvertiserimplantit?

Q.MultiplecontributorstoCHl2039ponderthefutureofbrainimplants．Whetheritinvolvescapturinginputfromeachofoursensesorrecordingneurons（神经元）directlyinthebrain，theyassumethatthisoneisaquestionnotofifbutwhen．Andthatcouldbringopportunities--andchallenges．

R.ShacharMaidenbaumoftheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem，Israel，envisionsdevicesthatcouldrecordourday-to-dayexperiencesandthenallowUStoshareourmemorieswithoneanother,revolutionisingcourts，classrooms，andoursocialinteractions．

S.DanielGruenofIBMResearch，meanwhile，envisionsdevicesthatcouldpromptyourmemorywhenyouforgetsomething．一withsomedarkerconsequences．“Imagineinthefuturethatyouhavesystemsthathelpyouwithmemory,”hesays．“Atwhatpointdoyoustartwondering．‘Wait．I’vehadanidea．Isthatreallymineoristhatideacomingfromsomewhereelse?

”’

So，whatistheidealnumberoffingers?

T.EverstrainyourselfswipingacrossyouriPhonescreen?

Thatproblemwouldgoawayifyoucouldhaveanextrathumbsurgically（手术地）attachedtoyourhand．

U.That’sthestartingpointforafictitiousstudyofl24peoplewhohavechosentoaugmenttheirhandswithbionic（仿生的）fingers--onaveragetheyhave13．4digits．JohannesSchfnin9，acomputerscientistatHasseltUniversityinBelgium，evencomestoanintriguingconclusion：

“Theoptimalfingercountisl2．5，withsixnormal—sizedfingersoneachhandandthedominanthandhavinganextrahalf-sizedfingerthatcanbemovedwith6degreesoffreedom．”

V.It’sentertainingstuffbutevenSchSningadmitsthat25yearsmightnotbelongenoughforthisonetoappear．

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46．Inhisarticle．MichaelMullerinvestigatestheconsequencesofArterionet’sbeingcapableofsharinginformationtosupplyextrastronghealthadvices．

47．CHIreferstotheexplorationofbettermeansforpeopletointeractwithtoday’sequipments，butduringlastweek’syearlymeetin9，participantsproposedafuturevisionofCHI．

48．ToproveifPlantasticisreallyhelpful．Tomlinsonandhiscolleaguesconductedanimaginaryresearchwhichinvestigateslofamilygardensover2plantingseasons．

49．Autonomouscarshavebecomeahottopicsincemanyyearsa90．

50．Itdeservestobetakenintoaccountthatwhatpeoplewilldototreatthehealthsecretsofferedbyorganmonitoringunits．

51．Inthepaper,Tomlinsonandhispartnersinferthattoincreasetheendurabilityofourfoodsupply,itisnecessarytoplantmorefruitsandvegetablenearourhouses．

52．BionicfingerisaninterestingstuffbutevenSchSningdoubtwhetheritcanbecreatedduringthenext25years．

53．Atthesametime．IBMresearchDanielGruenimaginessomekindofequipmentsthatCallremindyouofthingsyouforget，whichleadstobadresults,

54．Wealwaysthinkalotaboutthepast，butweseldomconsiderthe