浙江高考英语阅读理解细节理解精讲精练附答案.docx
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浙江高考英语阅读理解细节理解精讲精练附答案
浙江2017高考英语阅读理解(细节理解)精讲精练(附答案)
高考英语阅读理解常考点分析
阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型:
1.考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题);
2.考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题);
3.考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题);
4.考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。
【细节理解题】
Ⅰ.细节理解题一般可分为:
直接信息题、间接信息题和信息综合题。
1.直接信息题:
先看题干,以便在阅读的过程中更快找出相关事实细节。
2.间接信息题:
需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。
3.信息综合题:
涉及文章中的几句话,而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方,因此要把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
Ⅱ.正确答案的特点:
与原文信息表达手法不同,但所表达的意思相同。
Ⅲ.干扰项的特点:
1.是原文信息,但与题目要求不符;
2.符合常识,但不符合原文内容;
3.与原文信息极为相似,只是在程度上有些不同;
4.选项中所提供的信息部分正确,部分错误;
5.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
【真题回放一】
HowdidMr.Plowrightletpeopleknowwhathewasdoing?
Why,headvertised,ofcourse.Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.Thatsignmayhavebeennomorethanaplowcarvedintoapieceofwoodandasimplearrowpointingtotheshopdoor.ItwasprobablyalltheinformationpeopleneededtofindMr.Plowrightandhisreallygoodplows.(2013浙江卷阅读理解A篇)
42.Toadvertisehisplows,Mr.Plowright.
A.praisedhisplowsinpublic
B.placedasignoutsidetheshop
C.hunganarrowpointingtotheshop
D.showedhisproductstothecustomers
42.B。
这是一道直接信息题。
该段摘自原文第四段,根据该段中的Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers可知,为了推销自己的犁,Mr.Plowright在商店外面放了一个牌子。
【讲解配题】
2016高考英语阅读理解集训。
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。
Coffeeisoneofthemostpopulardrinksthroughouttheworldtoday.Infact,accordingtosomeestimates,over30%ofalladultsintheworlddrinkcoffeeatleastonceadayontheaverage.Coffeecontainsakindofdrugcalledcaffeine.Caffeineisachemicalthatstimulates(刺激)thenervesofthebody.Drinkingcoffeetendstomakepeoplealittlebitmoreawake―atleastforashorttime―becauseofthisstimulatingeffectonthenervoussystem.Acupofcoffeehas,ontheaverage,about3%caffeineinit.
Onestoryofthediscoveryofthecoffeeplantrelatestothiseffectofcaffeine.Accordingtothestory,coffeewasdiscoveredinEastAfrica.ThestorysaysthatcoffeewasfirstfoundbyagoatfarmernamedKaldi.Thiswasabouttheyear850.Kaldiwasleadinghisanimalsthroughthemountainsandthegoatswerestoppingrepeatedlytoeattheplantsnearthepath.Suddenly,someofthegoatsstartedjumpingupanddowninaverystrangeway.Kaldifiguredoutthatthegoatswereactingthiswaybecauseoftheplantstheywereeating.Kaldihimselftriedeatingsomeofthegreenbeans(豆荚)thatthegoatshadbeeneating.He,too,feltthestimulatingeffectofthebeans.Kaldiwantedtoprovewhathadhappened,sohepickedsomeofthebeansandtookthembacktothevillage,wherehetoldhisstory.
Thegreenbeangotthename"Kaffa"andlater"coffee"becausethebeanswerediscoveredinaplacecalledKaffainAfrica.Thenforyears,peopleusedtoeatafewofthegreenKaffabeanswhentheywereinthemountainsandneededextraenergytodotheirwork.Itwaslaterfoundthatthecoffeebeanscouldbepickedandthendrieduntiltheyturnedbrown,andthentheycouldbestored.Ifthebeansweredriedandstored,theycouldbeusedatanytime.
1.Whatisthepurposeofdrinkingcoffee?
A.Tobecomemoreawake.B.Tobecomemorehealthy.
C.Tobecomemorehappy.D.Tobecomemoreclever.
2.Howdidthegoatsreactaftereatingtheplants?
A.Theyfellasleep.B.Theycouldnotfindtheirwayhome.
C.Theystartedjumpingupanddown.D.Theywantedtoeatmore.
3.Whydidthegreenbeangetthename"Kaffa"?
A.BecauseKaldilovedhishomevillageverymuch.
B.BecauseKaldi'sgoatslovedthegreenbeanverymuch.
C.Becausethebeanswerediscoveredinaplacebythisname.
D.Becausethebeanscouldbepickedanddried.
【参考答案】1.A2.C3.C
【解析】
试题分析:
本文为我们介绍了咖啡豆。
通过一个牧羊人的故事为我们讲述了咖啡豆名字的起源及其产地和作用。
1.理解题。
从第一段中“Drinkingcoffeetendstomakepeoplealittlebitmoreawake”中可以看出咖啡豆的作用是使人变得清醒,故选A。
2.细节理解题。
从文中第二段中“Suddenly,someofthegoatsstartedjumpingupanddowninaverystrangeway.”可以看出吃了这种植物后,一些羊开始以很奇怪的方式的跳上跳下,故选C。
3.细节理解题。
从最后一段第一句“Thegreenbeangotthename"Kaffa"andlater"coffee"becausethebeanswerediscoveredinaplacecalledKaffainAfrica.”可知,这种青豆开始叫“Kaffa”后来变为“咖啡”是因为它是在非洲一个叫Kaffa的地方被发现的,故选C。
考点:
事物说明类阅读
【真题回放二】
IncollegeIhadbeentaughtthatasuccessfuleducatorshouldignorebadbehavior.SoIdid,confidentthat,asthetextbookhadsaid,thebadbehaviorwoulddisappearasIgavemystudentspositiveattention.Itsoundsreasonable,butthetextevidentlyignoredthefactthathumans,particularlyteenagers,rarelyseemreasonable.(2013浙江卷阅读理解D篇)
56.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostprobablythewriter’sproblemasanewteacher?
A.Shehadblindtrustinwhatshelearntatcollege.
B.Shedidn’taskexperiencedteachersforadvice.
C.Shetooktoomuchtimeofftoeatandsleep.
D.Shedidn’tliketeachingEnglishliterature.
56.A。
这是一道间接信息题。
该段摘自原文第四段的部分内容,根据SoIdid,confidentthat,asthetextbookhadsaid,thebadbehaviorwoulddisappearasIgavemystudentspositiveattention可知,作者特别相信从书本上学到的东西,这种盲目的相信让她在实际教学中遇到了困难。
【讲解配题】
阅读理解。
Ishallneverforgetthedaywhentheearthquaketookplace.Thetimewasabout5o’clockintheafternoonandIwasdrivingalongtheroadtotakemydaughterfromschool.Ourplanwastogoswimmingtogether.Ihadfinishedmyworkat4o’clockandthengonetothePostOffice.ThenIstoppedoffatashopinordertogetsomefreshfruit.Welikedtohavesomefruittoeatafterourswim.
Iwasdrivingalongahighroadonmywaytomydaughter’sschool.Overmyroadwasanotherroadwhichwasbuiltlikeabridgeforcarscomingtotheotherway.IwashungrysoIputthebagofapplesintheseatbesidemeandstartedtoeatone.
SuddenlyIsawthecarsinfrontofmestarttomovefromsidetoside.Thenmycarstartedtoshake!
Ididn’tknowwhatwashappening.Perhapssomethinghadgonewrongwithmycar.IdrovealittlemoreslowlyandthenIstoppedthecarandatthesamemomenttheroadfellontothecarinfrontofme.
Ifoundmyselfinthedark.Icouldn’tmove.ThebottompartsofbothofmylegsandmyfeetwerehurtingbadlyandIcouldn’tmovethem.Allaroundmewasquiet.ButabovemeIcouldhearshoutsandalotofnoise.ThenImemorized(记起)whathadhappened.Ihadbeeninanearthquake.
Forabouttwohoursnobodycame.LuckilyIcouldreachthebagofapples,soatleastIhadplentytoeat.ThenIheardpeopleclimbingtowardsme.Ateamofpeoplehadcometoseeifanyonewasunderthebrokenroad.Icalledout,“I’mhere!
”Iheardashout.Soonastrangerclimbedtothesideoftheroadnearmycar.“Howareyoudoing?
”heasked.
“Nottoobad,”Isaid,“Butmyfeetandlegsfeelasifthey’rebroken.”“We’llhaveyououtoftherejustassoonaswecan.”Theydidn’tgetmeoutuntilthenextmorning.Ihadbeeninmycarforfourteenhours.
1.Whentheearthquaketookplace,thewriterwas________.
A.onhiswaytothePostOfficeB.stoppingoffatashop
C.doingsomeshoppingD.underaroadbuiltlikeabridge
解析:
从第二段最后一句话可知,当地震发生时,作者正开车行驶在一条像桥一样的路的下面。
这条路塌了下来,砸在了他的车上。
答案:
D
2.Thewriter’scarbegantomovefromsidetosidebecause________.
A.therewassomethingwrongwithhiscar
B.heateapplesashedrove
C.anearthquakebegantohappen
D.hedrovetoofast
解析:
feel是系动词,后面跟有表语,我们知道当tire成tiring和tired时,才起到形容词的作用。
答案:
C
3.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Whentheearthquakehappened,thewriterwaswithhisdaughtertogether.
B.Thewriter’slegsandfeetwerebadlywoundedintheearthquake.
C.Thewriterwassavedassoonasthestrangerclimbeduptheroad.
D.Thewriterwassofrightenedthatheforgoteverythingthathappenedaroundhim.
解析:
从短文的内容可知,作者在接他女儿之前发生了地震。
因此,在地震发生时,他并没有和他女儿在一起。
又从最后一段可知,他被救出时,已经到了第二天上午。
因此,也不是在那位陌生人一看到他就把他救了出来。
再从他被砸在路下面后不久,他就记起了所发生的事,所以,他并没有吓得什么也想不起来。
只有他的腿和脚被严重砸伤是真实的。
答案:
B
4.Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofwhathappenedtothewriter?
a—Astrangerclimbedtothesideofroadnearhiscarandaskedhowhewasgoing.
b—Thewriterfinishedhiswork.
c—Hefelthiscarshakingonhiswaytohisdaughter’sschool.
d—Heboughtsomefreshfruitinashop.
e—Hewassavedthenextmorning.
f—Thewriterfoundhimselfinthedark.
g—HewenttothePostOffice.
A.b,g,d,c,f,a,eB.b,d,c,g,f,a,e
C.d,b,c,f,g,a,eD.c,a,f,g,b,d,e
解析:
通读全文,我们可知,正确的顺序是:
作者下班后,先去了邮局,又把车停在一家商店前,下车买了一些水果。
在接他女儿的路上他感觉他的车子晃动,上面的公路塌了下来,将他砸在了路下面。
他感觉自己处在黑暗之中,一位陌生人发现了他,第二天上午他被救了出来。
答案:
A
5.Fromthepassagewe’resurethatthewriterwas________.
A.ateacherofaschoolB.amanagerofashop
C.afatherofagirlD.aworkerofaPostOffice
解析:
通过短文我们可以确切地知道作者是一位女孩的父亲,而无法确定作者是一位学校的教师,一家商店的经理或一家邮局的工人。
答案:
C。
【冲向高考】
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。
Tworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwaytoinfluencebehavior.
Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesandtheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinSwedendidthestudy.
TheyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegameknownasthePrisoner’sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetension(紧张气氛)betweentheinterests(利益)ofanindividualandagroup.Thestudentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthegroup,sotheywouldallgainequally.Buteachplayercouldalsorewardorpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayers,atacosttothepunisher.
HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobecooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.Andthemoreagrouppunisheditself,theloweritsearningswere.Thegroupwiththemostpunishmentearnedtwenty-fivepercentlessthanthegroupwiththeleastpunishment