英国权利法案中英文对照版.docx
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英国权利法案中英文对照版
《权利法案》全文(1689)
国会两院经依法集会于西敏寺宫,为确保英国人民传统之权利与自由而制定本法律。
1.凡未经国会同意,以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力。
2.近来以国王权威擅自废除法律或法律实施之僭越权力,为非法权力。
3.设立审理宗教事务之钦差法庭之指令,以及一切其他同类指令与法庭,皆为非法而有害
4.凡未经国会准许,借口国王特权,为国王而征收,或供国王使用而征收金钱,超出国会准许之时限或方式者,皆为非法。
5.向国王请愿,乃臣民之权利,一切对此项请愿之判罪或控告,皆为非法。
6.除经国会同意外,平时在本王国内征募或维持常备军,皆属违法。
7.凡臣民系新教徒者,为防卫起见,得酌量情形,并在法律许可范围内,置备武器。
8.国会议员之选举应是自由的。
9.国会内之演说自由、辩论或议事之自由,不应在国会以外之任何法院或任何地方,受到弹劾或讯问。
10.不应要求过多的保释金,亦不应强课过分之罚款,更不应滥施残酷非常之刑罚。
11.陪审官应予正式记名列表并陈报之,凡审理叛国犯案件之陪审官应为自由世袭地领有人。
12.定罪前,特定人的一切让与及对罚金与没收财产所做的一切承诺,皆属非法而无效。
13.为申雪一切诉冤,并为修正、加强与维护法律起见,国会应时常集会。
彼等(即灵俗两界贵族与众议员等)并主张、要求与坚持上述各条为彼等无可置疑之权利与自由;凡上开各条中有损人民之任何宣告、判决、行为或诉讼程序,今后断不应据之以为结论或先例。
BILLOFRIGHTS
1689
AnActDeclaringtheRightsandLibertiesoftheSubjectandSettlingtheSuccessionoftheCrown
WhereastheLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommonsassembledatWestminster,lawfully,fullyandfreelyrepresentingalltheestatesofthepeopleofthisrealm,diduponthethirteenthdayofFebruaryintheyearofourLordonethousandsixhundredeighty-eight[oldstyledate]presentuntotheirMajesties,thencalledandknownbythenamesandstyleofWilliamandMary,princeandprincessofOrange,beingpresentintheirproperpersons,acertaindeclarationinwritingmadebythesaidLordsandCommonsinthewordsfollowing,viz.:
WhereasthelateKingJamestheSecond,bytheassistanceofdiversevilcounsellors,judgesandministersemployedbyhim,didendeavourtosubvertandextirpatetheProtestantreligionandthelawsandlibertiesofthiskingdom;
ByassumingandexercisingapowerofdispensingwithandsuspendingoflawsandtheexecutionoflawswithoutconsentofParliament;
Bycommittingandprosecutingdiversworthyprelatesforhumblypetitioningtobeexcusedfromconcurringtothesaidassumedpower;
ByissuingandcausingtobeexecutedacommissionunderthegreatsealforerectingacourtcalledtheCourtofCommissionersforEcclesiasticalCauses;
BylevyingmoneyforandtotheuseoftheCrownbypretenceofprerogativeforothertimeandinothermannerthanthesamewasgrantedbyParliament;
ByraisingandkeepingastandingarmywithinthiskingdomintimeofpeacewithoutconsentofParliament,andquarteringsoldierscontrarytolaw;
BycausingseveralgoodsubjectsbeingProtestantstobedisarmedatthesametimewhenpapistswerebotharmedandemployedcontrarytolaw;
ByviolatingthefreedomofelectionofmemberstoserveinParliament;
ByprosecutionsintheCourtofKing'sBenchformattersandcausescognizableonlyinParliament,andbydiversotherarbitraryandillegalcourses;
Andwhereasoflateyearspartialcorruptandunqualifiedpersonshavebeenreturnedandservedonjuriesintrials,andparticularlydiversjurorsintrialsforhightreasonwhichwerenotfreeholders;
Andexcessivebailhathbeenrequiredofpersonscommittedincriminalcasestoeludethebenefitofthelawsmadeforthelibertyofthesubjects;
Andexcessivefineshavebeenimposed;
Andillegalandcruelpunishmentsinflicted;
Andseveralgrantsandpromisesmadeoffinesandforfeituresbeforeanyconvictionorjudgmentagainstthepersonsuponwhomthesameweretobelevied;
Allwhichareutterlyanddirectlycontrarytotheknownlawsandstatutesandfreedomofthisrealm;
AndwhereasthesaidlateKingJamestheSecondhavingabdicatedthegovernmentandthethronebeingtherebyvacant,hisHighnesstheprinceofOrange(whomithathpleasedAlmightyGodtomakethegloriousinstrumentofdeliveringthiskingdomfrompoperyandarbitrarypower)did(bytheadviceoftheLordsSpiritualandTemporalanddiversprincipalpersonsoftheCommons)causeletterstobewrittentotheLordsSpiritualandTemporalbeingProtestants,andotherletterstotheseveralcounties,cities,universities,boroughsandcinqueports,forthechoosingofsuchpersonstorepresentthemaswereofrighttobesenttoParliament,tomeetandsitatWestminsteruponthetwoandtwentiethdayofJanuaryinthisyearonethousandsixhundredeightyandeight[oldstyledate],inordertosuchanestablishmentasthattheirreligion,lawsandlibertiesmightnotagainbeindangerofbeingsubverted,uponwhichletterselectionshavingbeenaccordinglymade;
AndthereuponthesaidLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommons,pursuanttotheirrespectivelettersandelections,beingnowassembledinafullandfreerepresentativeofthisnation,takingintotheirmostseriousconsiderationthebestmeansforattainingtheendsaforesaid,dointhefirstplace(astheirancestorsinlikecasehaveusually
done)forthevindicatingandassertingtheirancientrightsandlibertiesdeclare:
ThatthepretendedpowerofsuspendingthelawsortheexecutionoflawsbyregalauthoritywithoutconsentofParliamentisillegal;
Thatthepretendedpowerofdispensingwithlawsortheexecutionoflawsbyregalauthority,asithathbeenassumedandexercisedoflate,isillegal;
ThatthecommissionforerectingthelateCourtofCommissionersforEcclesiasticalCauses,andallothercommissionsandcourtsoflikenature,areillegalandpernicious;
ThatlevyingmoneyforortotheuseoftheCrownbypretenceofprerogative,withoutgrantofParliament,forlongertime,orinothermannerthanthesameisorshallbegranted,isillegal;
Thatitistherightofthesubjectstopetitiontheking,andallcommitmentsandprosecutionsforsuchpetitioningareillegal;
Thattheraisingorkeepingastandingarmywithinthekingdomintimeofpeace,unlessitbewithconsentofParliament,isagainstlaw;
ThatthesubjectswhichareProtestantsmayhavearmsfortheirdefencesuitabletotheirconditionsandasallowedbylaw;
ThatelectionofmembersofParliamentoughttobefree;
ThatthefreedomofspeechanddebatesorproceedingsinParliamentoughtnottobeimpeachedorquestionedinanycourtorplaceoutofParliament;
Thatexcessivebailoughtnottoberequired,norexcessivefinesimposed,norcruelandunusualpunishmentsinflicted;
Thatjurorsoughttobedulyimpanelledandreturned,andjurorswhichpassuponmenintrialsforhightreasonoughttobefreeholders;
Thatallgrantsandpromisesoffinesandforfeituresofparticularpersonsbeforeconvictionareillegalandvoid;
Andthatforredressofallgrievances,andfortheamending,strengtheningandpreservingofthelaws,Parliamentsoughttobeheldfrequently.
Andtheydoclaim,demandandinsistuponallandsingularthepremisesastheirundoubtedrightsandliberties,andthatnodeclarations,judgments,doingsorproceedingstotheprejudiceofthepeopleinanyofthesaidpremisesoughtinanywisetobedrawnhereafterintoconsequenceorexample;towhichdemandoftheirrightstheyareparticularlyencouragedbythedeclarationofhisHighnesstheprinceof
Orangeasbeingtheonlymeansforobtainingafullredressandremedytherein.
HavingthereforeanentireconfidencethathissaidHighnesstheprinceofOrangewillperfectthedeliverancesofaradvancedbyhim,andwillstillpreservethemfromtheviolationoftheirrightswhichtheyhavehereasserted,andfromallotherattemptsupontheirreligion,rightsandliberties,thesaidLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommonsassembledatWestminsterdoresolvethatWilliamandMary,princeandprincessofOrange,beandbedeclaredkingandqueenofEngland,FranceandIrelandandthedominionsthereuntobelonging,toholdthecrownandroyaldignityofthesaidkingdomsanddominionstothem,thesaidprinceandprincess,duringtheirlivesandthelifeofthesurvivortothem,andthatthesoleandfullexerciseoftheregalpowerbeonlyinandexecutedbythesaidprinceofOrangeinthenamesofthesaidprinceandprincessduringtheirjointlives,andaftertheirdeceasesthesaidcrownandroyaldignityofthesamekingdomsanddominionstobetotheheirsofthebodyofthesaidprincess,andfordefaultofsuchissuetothePrincessAnneofDenmarkandtheheirsofherbody,andfordefaultofsuchissuetotheheirsofthebodyofthesaidprinceofOrange.AndtheLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommonsdopraythesaidprinceandprincesstoacceptthesameaccordingly.
Andthattheoathshereaftermentionedbetakenbyallpersonsofwhomtheoathshaveallegianceandsupremacymightberequiredbylaw, insteadofthem;andthatthesaidoathsofallegianceandsupremacybeabrogated.
"I,A.B.,dosincerelypromiseandswearthatIwillbefaithfulandbeartrueallegiancetotheirMajestiesKingWilliamandQueenMary.SohelpmeGod."
"I,A.B.,doswearthatIdofrommyheartabhor,detestandabjureasimpiousandhereticalthisdamnabledoctrineandposition,thatprincesexcommunicatedordeprivedbythePopeoranyauthorityoftheseeofRomemaybedeposedormurderedbytheirsubjectsoranyotherwhatsoever.AndIdodeclarethatnoforeignprince,person,prelate,stateorpotentatehathoroughttohaveanyjurisdiction,power,superiority,pre-eminenceorauthority,ecclesiasticalorspiritual,withinthisrealm.SohelpmeGod."
UponwhichtheirsaidMajestiesdidacceptthecrownandroyaldignityofthekingdomsofEngland,FranceandIreland,andthedominionsthereuntobelonging,accordingtotheresolutionanddesireofthesaidLordsandCommonscontainedinthesaiddeclaration.
AndthereupontheirMajestieswerepleasedthatthesaidLordsSpiritualandTemporalandCommons,beingthetwoHousesofParliament,should continuetosit,andwiththeirMajesties'royalconcurrencemake effectualprovisionforthesettlementofthereligion,lawsandlibertiesofthiskingdom,sothatthesameforthefuturemightnotbeindangeragainofbeingsubverted,towhichthesaidLordsSpiritualandTemporala