高中英语宾语从句重点语法讲解及精练.docx
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高中英语宾语从句重点语法讲解及精练
宾语从句
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。
它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。
现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:
一,引导词
A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
例:
Itoldhimthathewaswrong.
l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
例:
Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
例:
Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。
例:
Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.
Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例:
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。
l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.
例:
Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例:
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。
连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。
例:
Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?
(which做定语)
Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)
二,宾语从句的语序,
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例:
Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.
HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.
Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.
二,宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,
既:
主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例:
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.
Couldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
例:
CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?
一、高中宾语从句要点之时态的呼应
1.如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。
例如:
Ihearsheisheretoday(shewashereyesterday/shewillbeheretomorrow.)
2.如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。
例如:
HesaidhewaswatchingTV(hehadsweptthefloor/hewouldplayfootballafterschool)。
3.如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。
例如:
Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.二、高中宾语从句要点之引导词的使用
1.当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。
例如:
LinTaothought(that)theTVplaywasveryboring.
2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。
例如:
Davidaskedhismotherif/whethershelikedthedinnerlastnight.
3.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who,whose,what,which)或连接副词(如when,where,why,how),引导宾语从句。
例如:
Doyouknowwhatwecandoontheisland?
Idon’tknowwhyJanewaslateforschoolthismorning.三、高中宾语从句要点之语序的陈述化宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。
例如:
Whendidheleave?
Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknowwhenheleft.
Doestheshopcloseatsixeveryday?
Doyouknow?
→Doyouknowif/whethertheshopclosesatsixeveryday?
四、高中宾语从句要点之否定转移当主句的谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。
例如:
Idon’tbelieveheishereontime,ishe?
Idon’tthinkTomisthebeststudentinhisclass,ishe?
4.Canyoutellme_________sheiswaitingfor?
A.why B.whose C.whom D.which
5.—Becareful!
Don'tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear____Isaid,Jim?
—Yes,mum.(2002陕西)
A.what B.that C.why D.if
6—Idon'tknow____MrGreenwillcometoseeus.
—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.(2002杭州)
A.why B.when C.how D.where
7.-Doyouknow____MissGaowillleave?
—Tomorrowmorning.(2000济南)
A.when B.what C.who D.where
KEY:
4.C5.A6.A7.A
技巧点拨:
解以上这类题目时,可采用逆推法,即根据答语来选择疑问词。
如第7道题,根据答语Tomorrowmorning可知对其提问应用when。
高中英语语法 英语宾语从句练习题
I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1.Idon'tknow______hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,I'lltellyou.
A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecome B.howwillhecome
C.ifhecomes D.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?
A.what B.how C.whether D.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemend B.whatdidhemend C.howhemended D.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________. A.whomisshelookingafter B.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelooking D.whomsheislookingaft 6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helives B.doeshelive C.helived D.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleave B.doesthetrainleave C.willthetrainleave D.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareold B.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowold D.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsin B.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsin D.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_________.
A.whatdoesChristmasmean B.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoes D.whatChristmasmeans
II.按要求转换句型。
1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus?
(改写句子)
→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?
2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?
”heaskedme.(变为复合句)
→Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp.
3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.(合并为一个句子)
_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.
4.Whendoesthetrainleave?
Iwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.
5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not...until改写)
They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.
6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?
LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.
宾语从句专项训练参考答案:
I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBDII.1.if/whether;enjoys 2.if/whether;needed 3.Neither;nor 4.when;leaves
1.Canyousee________?
A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereading
C.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat
2.DoesJackcomefromJapan?
Doyouknow?
(合并成一个句子)
Doyouknow_____Jack_____fromJapan?
3._Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?
_Hetoldmethathe___theDisneywouldthenextday
A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit
4.Hedidn’tknow__________
A.what’sthematterB.whatthematteris
C.whatwasthematterD.whatthematterwas
5.Somebodycalledyoujustnow,butIdidn’tknow____
A.whoweretheyB.whotheywere
C.whowasitD.whoitwas
6.Iwanttoknow_____
A.whatishisnameB.what’shisname
C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis
7.---Couldyoutellme___sheislookingfor?
---Hercousin,susan.
A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which
8.---WhatareyousearchingtheInternetfor?
---I’mtryingtofindout____.
A.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSARSandBIRDFLU
B.HowmanypersonshavediedinIraq
C.Howtoprotectourenvironment
D.WhyisourChineseteambeabletobeatKorea
9.Doyouknow___________?
(谁正在唱歌)
10.Doyouknow___________?
(她正在和谁谈话)
11.Doyouknow___________?
(昨天发生了什么事)
Thekeys:
1A.2if,comes.3D.4C.5D.6D.7C.8B
9whoissinging
10whosheistalkingwith
11whathappenedyesterday
一. 选择正确的答案.
( )1.Idon’tknow___________________.
A.whatdoeshelikebest B.whathelikebestC.whathedoeslikebest D.whathelikesbest
( )2.Canyoutellme______________________?
A.whereshelives B.wheredoesshelive C.sheliveswhere D.whereshelive
( )3.Heaskedme_______________________________.
A.whattimeisit B.whattimeitis C.whattimewasit D.whattimeitwas
( )4.Doyouknow_______________________?
A.howmuchdiditcost B.howmuchitdidcost
C.howmuchitcost D.howmuchdoesitcost
( )5.Themanaskedher_______________________.
A.whydidshedoit B.whyshedidit C.whyshedoes D.whydoesshedoit
( )6.Nobodyknows_________________________.
A.whenwillshecomeback B.whenshecomeback
C.whenshewillcomeback D.whendoesshecomeback
( )7.Mumasked_______________________________.
A.wherehewas B.wherewashe C.whereheis D.whereishe
( )8.Doyouknow_______________________________?
A.whattheyarelookingfor B.whataretheylookingfor
C,theyarelookingforwhat D.whatdotheylookfor
( )9.Theteacherasked________________________________.
A,whocananswerthisquestion B.whocouldanswerthequestion
C.whatquestiondidsheask D.sheansweredthisquestion
( )10.Iaskedher______________________________.
A.whetherhehasbeentoAustralia B.whetherhashebeentoAustralia
C.whetherhehadbeentoAustralia D.whetherhegoestoAustralia
( )11.Theteachertoldus________________________________.
A. thatlighttraveledfasterthansound B.iflighttraveledfasterthansound.
C.thatlighttravelsfasterthansound D.iflighttravelsfasterthansound
( )12.Hesaidthat__________________________________.
A.heisdoinghishomework B.hedoeshishomework
C.hewasdoinghishomework D.hedohishomework
( )13.Iaskedhim_________________________.
A.wheredidhego B.wherehewent C.wheredoeshego D.wherehedidgo
( )14.--Excuseme,couldyoutellme_____gettotheplane?
--Certainly.Gostraightalonehere.
A.howcanwe B.howwecan C.whencanwe D.whenwecan
( )15.Doyouknow___________hewillridehereat8tomorrowmorning?
A.when B.where C.whether D.how