人教版英语必修五笔记.docx
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人教版英语必修五笔记
Unit1Greatscientists
教学目的和要求(Teachingaimsanddemands)
类别
课程标准要求掌握的项目
话题
Howtoorganizescientificresearch;contributionofscientists
词汇
enginecharacteristicradiumtheoryscientificexaminerepeat
concludeconclusionanalysedefeatattendexposecureabsorb
controlseverevaluablepumppubblameimmediatelyaddition
handlelinkannounceinstructvirusconstructioncontribute
positivestrictmovementgodGodbackwardcompletecautious
spinenthusiasticrejectview
词组、短语
steamengineputforwarddrawaconclusioninaddition
link...to...apartfrom(be)strictwithmakesense
pointofviewleadto
功能
描述人物(Describingpeople:
characteristicsandqualities)
HowwillIrecognizeyou?
Youcanrecognizemebecause...
Whatwillyouwear?
Iwillweara...
Whatdoyoulooklike?
Whatspecialfeaturesdoyouhave?
I’mtall/short,fat/thin,young/old...HowwillIknowyou?
Ihavelarge/small,brown/green/blackeyeswith...
语法
过去分词作定语和表语(ThePastParticipleastheAttributeandthePredicative)
Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied.(Attribute)
Buthebecameinspiredwhenhe...(Predicative)
随堂练习
1、Fillinthefollowingfromaccordingtothehistory.
Inventionsordiscoveries
Inventorsordiscoverers
1.Whoinventedthefirst
modernsteamengine?
JamesWatt,British(1736-1819)
2.Whodiscoveredradium?
MarieCurie,PolishandFrench(1867-1934)
3.Whoinventedalamptokeep
minerssafeunderground?
ThomasEdison,American(1874-1931)
4.Whoinventedtheearliest
instrumenttotellpeople
whereearthquakeshappened?
ZhangHeng,Chinese(87-139)
5.Whoinventedpaper?
CaiLun(Chinese)
2、Fillinthechartafterreadingthepassage.
ScientificReportbyJohnSnow
Theproblem
Nobodyknewthecauseoftheseriousdiseaseofcholera.
Thecause
Idea1:
strangecloudintheairthatattackedvictims.
Idea2:
peopleabsorbedthediseasewiththeirmeals.
Themethod
Collectdatafromthenextcholeraattacktotest
theories.Trytoprovewhichmethodwascorrect.
Theresults
Hefoundthecauseofcholerawasthepollutedwater.
Idea1or2?
Why?
Idea2becausethedatashowedaconnectionwiththe
water.
Theconclusion
JohnSnowwasabletodefeatcholeraonceitscausewas
known.
2、Readthepassageagainandanswerthesequestions.
①Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilarto
choleratoday?
Why?
Twodiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARSandAIDSbecausetheyareboth
veryserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.
②JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?
JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatclearly
relatedcholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidethe
areatothepollutedwater.
③DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwithoutthemap?
Give
areason.
No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythose
householdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.He
identifiedthosethathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.
Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.
课堂笔记
1、JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon—sofamous,indeed,thatheattended
QueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确太盛名了,以至于维多利亚女王生孩子时,
都是他去照料,使女王顺利分娩。
easevt.&vi.使(痛苦忧虑)减轻;缓和,减轻n.安逸;轻松
atease轻松的;自由自在地(=relaxedly)withease轻易地(=easily)
①Thenewsthathersonpassedtheexameasedhermind.(vt.)
她听到儿子通过考试的消息便安心了。
②Hesaysthattheheadachehaseased.(vi.)
他说头痛减轻了。
③Heansweredthequestionwithgreatease.(n.)
他轻易地回答了那个问题。
(问题简单)
④Heansweredthequestionatgreatease.
他轻松自如地回答了那个问题。
(放松的状态)
2、Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedto
cholera.
但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通老百姓,就感到很振奋。
exposedto暴露;受到风险或威胁exposevt.使……暴露
①Don’texposeyourselftothesuntoolong,oryou’llgetsunburned.
别在太阳下晒得太久,否则你会被晒伤的。
②Thebicyclewasexposedtothewindandrain.
那辆自行车任由风吹雨打。
③Thenewspaperexposedtheofficerasaspy.
报纸将那军官的间谍身份揭发了出来。
3、Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheairwithoutreason.
第一种看法是霍乱在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着。
suggest有两个意思,“建议”或“暗示,表明,意味着”。
当“建议”讲时,从句的
谓语是should+动词原形,should可以省略。
①Hesuggestedthatwe(should)domorereadinginoursparetime.
他建议我们在业余时间多读书。
②Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedhewasverypleasedwithmyanswer.
他脸上的笑容表明他对我的回答很满意。
suggest当“建议”讲时,另一个用法是:
suggestsbdoingsth
以上的第一个例句可改为:
Hesuggestedusdoingmorereadinginoursparetime.
4、Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswith
theirmeals.
第二种看法是人们在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
absorb...in/into...吸收;吸引
①Hewasabsorbedinthebookandnoticednothingaround.
他全神贯注于书本,对周围的事全然不知。
②Thebigcompanygraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsown
organization.
这家大公司渐渐地把一些小公司吞并了。
③Thiskindofpaperabsorbsinkeasily.
这种纸容易吸墨水。
5、Itseemedthewaterwastoblame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
be+动词不定式表示“预定、义务、可能、命令”的意思。
①TheFrenchPresidentistovisitJapan.(=beabouttodo)
法国总统将到日本访问。
②Youaretobebackby9o’clock.(=should/oughtto/must)
你必须在9点以前回家。
③Youbroketheyoungtree.Youaretoblame.(=must)
你把这棵小树弄断了,该你负责。
6、Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove,youhavealsolearnedthefollowing
phrases.
除了上面提到的结构,你们还学过以下的一些短语。
apartfrom“除……之外”,这个介词短语有两个意思,一方面它相当besides,in
additionto;另外还有except或exceptfor的意思。
①WhatdoyoulearnapartfromEnglish?
(=besides)
除英语外,你还学什么?
②Inaddition,hefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartofLondon.(=besides)
此外,他还发现伦敦另一个地区有两个死亡病例。
③AllthechildrenlikemusicapartfromBobby.(=except)
除了博比之外所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。
④Apartfromafewspellingmistakes,thiscompositionisgood.(=exceptfor)
这篇作文还不错,只不过有几个拼写错误。
7、Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsledto
thesameconclusion:
thattheearthwasnotthecenterofsolarsystem.
虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字,然而他所有的数学计算都得出同样一个结论:
地区
不是太阳系的中心。
leadto引起;导致;造成。
其后要接名词。
①Hiswisdomandhardworkledtohissuccess.
他的智慧与勤劳导致他的成功。
②AllroadsleadtoRome.
条条大路通罗马。
(谚语)
相关链接(后接名词或v.-ing):
lookforwardto盼望;期待payattentionto注意beusedto习惯
devoteto贡献;奉献getdownto着手referto参阅;指的是
stickto坚持objectto反对belongto属于
语法:
ThePastParticiple
(1)asthePredicative&Attribute(过去分词作表语或定
语)
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成,不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构
成规则。
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。
过去分词在句子中可以用作定语、表
语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语。
过去分词的用法
用法
例句
定语:
过去分词
如单用,一般放
在名词的前面;
如是分词短语,
要放在名词的
后面。
1.Manythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimethere
wasanoutbreak.
2.Pollutedairandwaterareharmfultopeople’shealth.
3.Thisisoneofthehousesbuiltlastyear.
4.Weweregivenprintedquestionpapers.
表语
1.Hegotinterestedinthetwotheoriesexplaininghow
cholerakilledpeople.
2.Youshouldn’ttrytostandupifyouarebadlyhurt.
3.Hebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinary
people.
练习
1、Lookatthefollowingsentenceswherethepastparticipleisused.
EXAMPLE:
Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied.(Attribute)
Nowfindtwomoreexamplesinthereadingpassage.
1DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.
2JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet.
EXAMPLE:
Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.
(Predicative)
Nowfindtwomoreexamplesinthereadingpassage.
1Hegotinterestedinthetwotheories.
2Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.
2、Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.
PastParticipleastheAttribute
PastParticipleasthePredicative
1terrifiedpeople
1peoplewhoareterrified
2reservedseats
2seatswhicharereserved
3pollutedwater
3waterthatispolluted
4acrowdedroom
4aroomthatiscrowded
5apleasedwinner
5awinnerwhoispleased
6astonishedchildren
6childrenwholookastonished
7abrokenvase
7avasethatisbroken
8acloseddoor
8adoorthatisclosed
9thetiredaudience
9theaudiencewhofeeltired
10atrappedanimal
10ananimalthatistrapped
3、Completethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative.
①Hegotblamedaboutlosingthemoney.
②Whydoyoualwayslooksotired?
Doyousleepwellthesedays?
③IwasdisappointedwiththefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedit
tobebetter.
④Everybodywasshocked/depressedtohearthedeathofthefamousfilm
star.
⑤Thechildrenarereallyexcitedaboutgoingtothezoo.
⑥Hiswoundbecameinfectedwithanewvirus.
重点词汇
1、putforward提出;把……往前拔
①Itissaidthattheywillputforwardanewplanatthemeeting.
据说他们将在会议上提出新的计划。
②Mywatchlostfiveminutes.Ihavetoputitforward.
我的手表慢了5分钟,我只好往前拨。
2、analyzevt.分析
Youshouldanalyzethecauseofyourfailuresothatyoucansucceednexttime.
你应该分析你失败的原因,以便下次成功。
3、severeadj.严重的;严厉的;严格的
①Myfatherisveryseverewith/onme.(=strict)
我父亲对我很严格。
②Theyaresufferingfromasevereshortageofwater.(=serious)
他们苦于严重缺水。
4、handlen.柄;把手vt.处理;操纵
①Shehandledadifficultargumentskillfully.(=dealwith)
她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。
②Handlechildrenkindly,ifyouwantthemtotrustyou.
假如你要孩子们信任你,就要对他们和气些。
③Thismotorcarhandleswell.
这辆摩托车很好驾驶(操作)。
5、makesense有意义;讲得通
①Thissentencedoesn’tmakeanysense.
这个句子讲不通。
②Whathesaidatthemeetingdoesn’tmakeanysense.
他在会上的讲话没什么意义。
6、cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的
cautionn.小心;谨慎vt.警告
①Hewascautiouswhenhewasridingthebicycle.(=becareful)
当他骑自行车的时候,他很小心。
②Theschoolboyaremorecautiousnottomakeanymistakesinspellingthanever
before.
男学生们在拼写时比以前更加小心,以避免发生错误。
③Thepolicemancautionedtheprisonersnottoplayanytricks.(=warn)
警察正式告诫罪犯不要耍花招。
Unit2TheUnitedKingdom
教学目的和要求(Teachingaimsanddemands)
类别
课程标准要求掌握的项目
话题
CountriesoftheUnitedKingdom;UnionJack;famoussitesinLondon
词汇
unitekingdomconsistdividepuzzledebateclarifyrela