大学物理双语练习题doc.docx

大学物理双语练习题doc.docx

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大学物理双语练习题doc

Chapter1ParticleKinematics

I）Chooseonecorrectansweramongfollowingchoices

1.Anobjectismovingalongthex-axiswithpositionasafunctionoftimegivenbyx=x（t）.PointOisatx=0.TheobjectisdefinitelymovingtowardOwhen

A.

B.

C.

D.

2.Anobjectstartsfromrestatx=0whent=0.Theobjectmovesinthexdirectionwithpositivevelocityaftert=0.Theinstantaneousvelocityandaveragevelocityarerelatedby

A.

B.

C.

D.

canbelargerthan,smallerthan,orequalto

3.Anobjectismovinginthexdirectionwithvelocity

and

isnonzeroconstant.With

whent=0,thenfort>0thequantity

is

A.Negative.B.Zero.C.Positive.

D.Notdeterminedfromtheinformationgiven.

4.Anobjectismovingonthexy-planewithpositionasafunctionoftimegivenbyr=at2i+bt2j（aandbareconstant）.Whichiscorrect?

A.Theobjectismovingalongastraightlinewithconstantspeed.

B.Theobjectismovingalongastraightlinewithvariablespeed.

C.Theobjectismovingalongacurvedpathwithconstantspeed.

D.Theobjectismovingalongacurvedpathwithvariablespeed.

5.Anobjectisthrownintotheairwithaninitialvelocity

m/s.Ignoretheairresistance（空气阻力）.Atthehighestpointthemagnitudeofthevelocityis（）

（A）0（B）4.9m/s（C）9.8m/s（D）

m/s

6.Twobodiesarefallingwithnegligibleairresistance,sidebyside,aboveahorizontalplane.Ifoneofthebodiesisgivenanadditionalhorizontalaccelerationduringitsdescent,it

A.strikestheplaneatthesametimeastheotherbody.

B.strikestheplaneearlierthantheotherbody.

C.hastheverticalcomponentofitsvelocityaltered.

D.hastheverticalcomponentofitsaccelerationaltered.

7.Atoyracingcarmoveswithconstantspeedaroundthecircleshownbelow.WhenitisatpointAitscoordinatesarex=0,y=3manditsvelocityis6m/s

.WhenitisatpointBitsvelocityandaccelerationare:

A.-6m/s

and12m/s2

respectively.B.6m/s

and-12m/s2

respectively.

C.6m/s

and12m/s2

respectively.D.6m/s

and2m/s2

respectively.

8.Astoneistiedtoa0.50-mstringandwhirledataconstantspeedof4.0m/sinaverticalcircle.Itsaccelerationatthebottomofthecircleis:

A.9.8m/s2,upB.9.8m/s2,downC.8.0m/s2,upD.32m/s2,up

9.Aboatisabletomovethroughstillwaterat20m/s.Itmakesaroundtriptoatown3.0kmupstream.Iftheriverflowsat5m/s,thetimerequiredforthisroundtripis:

A.120sB.150sC.200sD.320s

II）Fillintheemptyspacewithcorrectanswer

1.Aparticlegoesfromx=-2m,y=3m,z=1mtox=3m,y=-1m,z=4m.Itsdisplacementis:

.

2.Thex-componentofthepositionvectorofaparticleisshowninthegraphinFigureasafunctionoftime.

（a）Thevelocitycomponentvxattheinstant3.0sis.

（b）Whenisthevelocitycomponentzero?

Thetimeis.

（c）Istheparticlealwaysmovinginthesamedirectionalongthex-axis?

.

3.Theangleturnedthroughbyawheelisgivenbyθ＝at+bt2,whereaandbareconstants.Itsangularvelocityω＝,anditsangularaccelerationβ＝.

4.Whenaradiowaveimpingesontheantennaofyourcar,electronsintheantennamovebackandforthalongtheantennawithavelocitycomponentvxasshownschematicallyinFigure.Roughlysketchthesamegraphandindicatethetimeinstantswhen

（a）Thevelocitycomponentvxiszero;

（b）Theaccelerationcomponentaxiszero;

（c）Theaccelerationhasitsmaximummagnitude.

5.Acaristravelingaroundabanked,circularcurveofradius150monatesttrack.Attheinstantwhent=0s,thecarismovingnorth,anditsspeedis30.0m/sbutdecreasinguniformly,sothatafter5.0sitsangularspeedwillbe3/4thatitwaswhent=0s.Theangularspeedofthecarwhent=0sis,theangularspeed5.0slateris,themagnitudeofthecentripetalaccelerationofthecarwhent=0sis,themagnitudeofthecentripetalaccelerationofthecarwhent=5.00sis,themagnitudeoftheangularaccelerationis,themagnitudeofthetangentialaccelerationis.

6.Aprojectileislaunchedatspeedv0atanangleθ（withthehorizontal）fromthebottomofahillofconstantslopeβasshowninFigure.Therangeoftheprojectileuptheslopeis.

III）CalculateFollowingProblems:

1.Anobjectwithmassminitiallyatrestisactedbyaforce

wherek1andk2areconstants.Calculatethevelocityoftheobjectasafunctionoftime.

2.Youareoperatingaradio-controlledmodelcaronavacanttenniscourt.Yourpositionistheoriginofcoordinates,andthesurfaceofthecourtliesinthexy-plane.Thecar,whichwerepresentasapoint,hasx-andy-cooridnatesthatvarywithtimeaccordingtox=2.0m-（0.25m/s2）t2,y=（1.0m/s）t+（0.025m/s3）t3.

a.Findthecar’sinstantaneousvelocityatt=2.0s.

b.Findtheinstantaneousaccelerationatt=4.0s.

3.Anobjectmovesinthexy-plane.Itsaccelerationhascomponentsax=2.50t2anday=9.00-1.40t.Att=0itisattheoriginandhasvelocity

.

Calculatethevelocityandpositionvectorsasfunctionsoftime.

4.Anautomobilewhosespeedisincreasingatarateof0.600m/s2travelsalongacircularroadofradius20.0m.Whentheinstantaneousspeedoftheautomobileis4.00m/s,find（a）thetangentialaccelerationcomponent,（b）theradialaccelerationcomponent,and（c）themagnitudeanddirectionofthetotalacceleration.

5.HeatherinherCorvetteacceleratesattherateof（3.00

-2.00

）m/s2,whileJillinherJaguaracceleratesat（1.00

+3.00

）m/s2.Theybothstartfromrestattheoriginofanxycoordinatesystem.After5.00s,（a）whatisHeather’sspeedwithrespecttoJill,（b）howfarapartarethey,and（c）whatisHeather’saccelerationrelativetoJill?

Chapter2Newton’slawsofmotion

I）Chooseonecorrectansweramongfollowingchoices

1.IntheSI,thebaseunits（基本单位）forlength,mass,timeare（）

（A）meters,grams,seconds.（B）kilometers,kilograms,seconds.

（C）centimeters,kilograms,seconds.（D）meters,kilograms,seconds.

2.Whichoneofthefollowinghasthesamedimension（量纲）astime（）

（A）

（B）

（C）

（D）

3.Whichofthefollowingquantitiesareindependent（无关）ofthechoiceofinertialframe（惯性系）?

（A）

（B）

（C）

（D）W

4.SupposethenetforceFonanobjectisanonzeroconstant.Whichofthefollowingcouldalsobeconstant?

A.Position.B.Speed.C.Velocity.D.Acceleration.

5.Anobjectmoveswithaconstantacceleration

.Whichofthefollowingexpressionisalsoconstant?

（）

（A）

（B）

（C）

（D）

6.Anobjectmovingatconstantvelocityinaninertialframemust:

A.haveanetforceonit.B.eventuallystopduetogravity.

C.nothaveanyforceofgravityonit.D.havezeronetforceonit.

7.Aheavyballissuspendedasshown.Aquickjerkonthelowerstringwillbreakthatstringbutaslowpullonthelowerstringwillbreaktheupperstring.Thefirstresultoccursbecause:

A.theforceistoosmalltomovetheball

B.actionandreactionisoperating

C.theballhasinertia

D.airfrictionholdstheballback

8.Aconstantforceof8.0Nisexertedfor4.0sona16-kgobjectinitiallyatrest.Thechangeinspeedofthisobjectwillbe:

A.0.5m/sB.2m/sC.4m/sD.8m/s

θ

9.Awedgerestsonafrictionlesshorizontaltabletop.Anobjectwithmassmistiedtothefrictionlessinclineofthewedgeasshowninfigure.Thestringisparalleltotheincline.Ifthewedgeacceleratestotheleft,whentheobjectleavestheincline,themagnitudeofitsaccelerationis

A.gsinθB.gcosθ

C.gtanθD.gcotθ

10.Acraneoperatorlowersa16,000-Nsteelballwithadownwardaccelerationof3m/s2.Thetensionforceofthecableis:

A.4900NB.11,000NC.16,000ND.21,000N

11.A1-Npendulumbobisheldatanangleθfromtheverticalbya2-NhorizontalforceFasshown.Thetensioninthestringsupportingthependulumbob（innewtons）is:

A.cosθB.2/cosθC.

D.1

12.Acarmoveshorizontallywithaconstantaccelerationof3m/s2.Aballissuspendedbyastringfromtheceilingofthecar.Theballdoesnotswing,beingatrestwithrespecttothecar.Whatangledoesthestringmakewiththevertical?

A.17◦B.35◦C.52◦D.73◦

13.A32-Nforce,paralleltotheincline,isrequiredtopushacertaincrateatconstantvelocityupafrictionlessinclinethatis30◦abovethehorizontal.Themassofthecrateis:

A.3.3kgB.3.8kgC.5.7kgD.6.5kg

II）Fillintheemptyspacewithcorrectanswer

1.A2.5kgsystemhasanacceleration

.Therearetwoforcesactingonthesystem,andOneoftheforcesis

.Theotherforceis.

2.Twomasses,m1andm2,hangoveranidealpulleyandthesystemisfreetomove.Themagnitudeoftheacceleration

ofthesystemoftwomassesis.Themagnitudeofthetensioninthecordis.

3.Youareswingingamassmatspeedvaroundonastringincircleofradiusrwhoseplaneis1.00mabovethegroundasshowninFigure.Thestringmakesanangleθwiththeverticaldirection.

（a）ApplyNewton’ssecondlawtothehorizontalandverticaldirectiontocalculatetheangleθis.

（b）Iftheangleθ=47.4°andtheradiusofthecircleis1.50m,thespeedofthemassis.

（c）Ifthemassis1.50kg,themagnitudeofthetensioninthestringis.

（d）Thestringbreaksunexpectedlywhenthemassismovingexactlyeastward.Thelocationthemasswillhitthegroundis.

III）CalculateFollowingProblems:

1.AwedgewithmassMrestsonafrictionlesshorizontaltabletop.Ablockwithmassmisplacedonthewedge,andahorizontalforceFisappliedtothewedge.WhatmustbethemagnitudeofFiftheblockistoremainataconstantheightabovethet