毕业设计中西文化背景下的习语翻译.docx

毕业设计中西文化背景下的习语翻译.docx

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毕业设计中西文化背景下的习语翻译

河北师范大学

高等教育自学考试本科毕业论文

题目：

中西文化背景下的习语翻译

专业：

英语

考生姓名：

考生准考证号：

考生所在单位：

导师姓名：

联系电话：

完成日期：

2015年8月23日

TranslationbetweentheChineseandEnglishCultures

By

Prof .WangMiqing,tutor

SubmittedtotheB.A.CommitteeinPartial

FulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegree

ofBachelorofArtsintheEnglishDepartment

ofHebeiNormalUniversity

August23, 2015

Abstract

 Nida , afamoustranslator, says ,“Fortruelysuccessfultranslation ,itismuchmoreimportanttofamiliarizetwoculturesthantomastertwo Languages”, becausewordsareassignedmeaningsinitsparticularcultures.（backgroundinformation）Thisistosay,translationiscloselyrelatedwithnotonly Languagesbutalsocultures.StudiesoftheculturaldistinctioninidiomtranslationarestillrelativelyweakinthefieldoftranslationinChina.ExculsiveresearchonthetranslationofChineseandEnglishidiomsisstillincomplete.Inthepastyears,idiomtranslationhasmostlyemphasizedthelevelofinter-lingualcommunication,butculturaldifferenceswererarelyinvolvedinit.（indentifyproblems）.ThisthesisanalysestheculturaldifferencesinChineseandEnglishidioms , thenstudiesEnglish-Chinese/Chinese-Englishidiomtranslationmethods（researchsubject）fromtheangleofculture（method） andpointsoutsomewarningsconcerningidiomtranslation:

payattentiontocontextandchoosetherightversioninlinewiththestyleandmeaningoftheoriginalpassage（results） ;cultureisawholewayoflife,whennewcultureemerges,newidiomsalsoappearthereforeidiomtranslationshoulddevelopwiththetime.

 Key Words :

 idiom    culture    translation 

 摘要

著名翻译学家达奈指出：

“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。

”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关业余文化有关。

习语语翻译中对文化的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语的研究还不完善。

近些年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。

本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语的翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题：

联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译；文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，细语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词：

习语文化翻译

Contents

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..1

Chapter I. A comparisonbetweenEnglishandChineseidioms………………….2

ChapterII. TheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseidioms………………………………………………………………………………….7

2.1Theformationofcultureiscloselyrelatedwithnaturalgeographicalconditions……………………………………………………………….……………8

2.2Geographicalconditions…………………………………………………………8

ChapterIII.Differentcustoms……………………………………………………..11

3.1Intermsof history………………………………………………….……………11

3.2Bothcountrieshavetheirdifferentreligiousfaithwhichmaycausethedifference……………………………………………………………….……………12

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...14

Notes............................................................................................................................15

 Bibliography..............................................................................................................16

Introduction

IdiomsuniversallyexistineveryLanguage.Anidiomisawordoranexpressionthatcannotbeliterallytranslatedfromthesource LanguageintothetargetLanguagebecauseitsidiomaticmeaningcannotbeunderstoodbyliterallydefiningitscomponentparts.（background）Inabroadsense,idiomscontainsetphase, proverbs,allusions,etc.（yinlii,2007:

9）InChinese,theyalsoincludeenigmaticfolksmiles.Newmark,aBritishtranslationtheorist,inhisworkATextbookofTranslation,said,“Idefineasculturethewayoflifeandhismanifestationthatarepeculiar” toacommunitythatusesapeculiarLanguageasitsmeansofexpression.”（previousresearch）EnglishidiomsderivesfromEnglishculturesanddailylife.Inrealcontext,idiomsexplainthemselves:

ninetimesoutoftentheycarrytheirownexplainations.Ifweareunawareofthese,wewillfindourselvesinastateofconfusionsincewewillassignliteralmeaningtothem.TheChineseidioms,especiallythefour-characteridioms,havetheirownuniqueoriginswhicharecloselycorrelativetotheChinesehistoryandculture.Inviewofthedifficultiesinunderstandingidioms,weshouldpaydueattentionandeffortstounderstandtheirculturesandcustoms.ThisthesisisdesignedtodigintotheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishandthenelaboratesonthetranslationtheoriesappliedtoidioms.（subject+method）

ChapterI AcomparisonbetweenEnglishandChineseidioms

Differentpeoplefromdifferentculturesmayhavedifferentunderstandingsofthesamesentencebecausetheyknowlittleaboutthetargetcultures.WhiletheultimateaimofEnglishteachingasaforeignlanguageistocultivatestudents'competencetoapplyEnglishcorrectly,fluently,andappropriatelyincross-culturalcommunication.Idioms,apartoflanguage,aretheessenceofcultureineverycountry.Usinglanguageinsuchcommunication,weoftencomeacrosssomeidiomswithdistinctiveculturalcharacteristics,soitisaveryimportantandcomplicatedthingforustounderstandandusetheseidiomscorrectly.Therefore,inthispaper,wewilldiscusstheidiomsreflectingthedifferencesofChineseandWesternculturesinvariouslevelswithmanylively,important,andinterestingexamplesofidioms

Peopleindifferentculturalbackgroundstocommunicateismultinationcommunication.Differentcountrieshavedifferenthistoricalbackgrounds,customs,traditionscultures,therefore,thetranslatorsengagedininternationalbusinessmustunderstandtheirculturaldifferencesandexotic. Forexample,“likeafishoutofwater”.Ifyoufeellikefishoutofwater,youfeelawkwardanduncomfortablebecauseyouareinanunusualandunfamiliarsituation.

 Friendshipcan’tstandalwaysononeside友谊是双方的事

Afriendiseasierlostthanfound朋友易失不易得

Everymanhashisfaults人都有缺点   

Onetreedoesnotmakeaforest独木不成林

Oneflowerdoesnotmakeaspring一花独放不是春

Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer孤雁不成夏

Wherethereisunity,thereisvictory团结就是力量Twodogsstriveforabone,andathirdrunsawaywithit鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利Lovemelittle,lovemelong爱情应细水长流

Beautyisintheeyesofthebeholder情人眼里出西施

Bloodisthickerthanwater血浓于水

Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder越是不见越想念Amanis

Petteddaughtersmakesillywives宠坏的女儿会变成傻婆娘Betteragloriousdeaththanashamefullife宁为玉碎不为瓦全WheninRomedoastheRomansdo入乡随俗

Apennysavedisapennygained省一分是一分

Onefalsemovemaylosethewholegame一步走错步步错

Procrastinationisthethiefoftime拖延是时间的Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday今天能做的事情不要拖到明天做

Nosweetwithoutsweat.没有耕耘就没有收获

Oneisasoldasone’sheart.心有多老人有多老

Timehealsallsorrows.时间治愈一切创伤

Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多力量大

Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.千里之行始于足下Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.无风不起浪

Aspoorasachurchmouse.一贫如洗

Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.良药苦口

Clothesmaketheman.人靠衣装，佛靠金装

Clothesdon’tmaketheman.不能以貌取人

Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打

Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行

Toteachafishhowtoswim.班门弄斧

Self-trustisthefirstsecretofsuccess.自信是成功的秘诀

Betterlatethannever.迟做总比不做好

Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助

loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌

Romewasnotbuiltinaday.伟业非一日之功

Likefather,Likeson.有其父必有其子

Wellbegun,halfdone好的开端成功的一半

Everycloudhasasilverlining否极泰来

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成

Hastemakeswaste.欲速则不达

AllroadsleadtoRome.条条道路通罗马

Timeandtidewaitsfornoman岁月不等人

Honestyisthebestpolicy.诚实是上策

Earlytobed,earlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起使人健康富有和Anappleadaykeepsdoctoraway一日一个苹果不用看医生

Fishintheair缘木求鱼

Anoddfish怪人

Misstheboat错过机会

Trimthesailstothewind顺势前进

Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship小洞不补要沉大船

Ontheotherhand,ChinaislocatedintheAsianContinentandreputedasanagriculturalcountrywithalargepopulationofpeasant,Itisnotsurprisingtofindmanyidiomsrelevanttofarming,suchas“骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴，众人拾柴火焰高，竹篮打水一场空”等等

Chinesepeoplealsohaveamysteriousandawefeelingforsea,sotheyhaveidiomslike“天涯海角，海枯石烂，海底捞针，海市蜃楼”等等。

   Thesedifferencesininterpretationandtriedtomakeitdisappeartheprocessoftranslating inthetargetlanguage, andfindouttheexactwords,sodifferentcultures,whichisreproducedinthetargetlanguage.Languageispartofculture, alsothecarriertotheculture, whichplaysanimportantrole.languagetranslationisnotonlytheinternationalexchangeofthetwolanguages,buttwoculturesrelay.Cultureintranslationisafactorwhichshouldnotbeignored,asafamoustranslatorEugeneNita:

“toreallydoagoodtranslation,mastertwolanguages,twocultures,evenmoreimportantaspect,becausethetermsonlyusedinaparticularculturetobemeaningful.”BusinessEnglishtranslationoftheinternationalmustpayattentiontothetransmissionofculturalinformation.AccordingtotheinternationalbusinessEnglishtranslation4Esstandardsandtoensurethatculturalandotherinformationequivalent.However,inpractice, andsometimesculturalinformationisdifferenttoconveytothetargetlanguageandtheresultsofsuchstandardswillnotbefullydone.theChinesecultureemphasizetheideasof“unityisstrength”.Thiscanbesaidas“collectivism”.Onthecontrary, thewesterneremphasizethepowerofasingleindividual,thiscanbedescribedasheroism.ComparetheChinesemovie“创业”andthem AmericanTerminatorSeries,youcanseethisdifferent cover-emphasizesthesame,andtheEnglishcultureover-emphasizestheunique;theChinesevaluesthetradition,butthewesternerpaymoreattentiontothefusion;theChineseculturepayattentiontothedisposition,outstandinghumannatureinwesternculture.Cultureisanationalphenomenon.Eachcultureisunique.EnglishandChinesepeople