传热学专业英语词汇.docx

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传热学专业英语词汇.docx

传热学专业英语词汇

Chapter1ThermodynamicsandHeatTransfer

主要容

1.    Concepts:

heat(thermalenergy)、heattransfer、thermodynamics、totalamountofheattransfer、heattransferrate、heatflux、conduction、convection、radiation

 

2.    Equations:

1)Thefirstlawofthermodynamics(conservationofenergyprinciple)

2)Heatbalanceequation:

a)closedsystem;b)opensystem(steady-flow)

3)Fourier’slawofheatconduction

4)Newton’slawofcooling

5)Stefan-Boltzmannlaw

 

主要专业词汇

heattransfer传热、热传递、传热学thermodynamics热力学

caloric热素specificheat比热massflowrate质量流率

latentheat潜热sensibleheat显热heatflux热流密度

heattransferrate热流量totalamountofheattransfer总热量

conduction导热convection对流radiation辐射

thermalconductivity热导率thermaldiffusivity热扩散率

convection/combinedheattransfercoefficient对流/综合换热系数

emissivity发射率absorptivity吸收率

simultaneousheattransfer复合换热

Chapter2HeatConductionEquation

主要容

1.    Concepts:

temperaturefield、temperaturegradient、heatgeneration、initialcondition、boundarycondition、steady\transientheattransfer、uniform\nonuniformtemperaturedistribution 

2.    Equations:

1)Fourier’slawofheatconduction(§2-1)

2)Heatconductionequation(inrectangular\cylindrical\sphericalcoordinates)(§2-2、§2-3)

3)Boundaryconditions:

(§2-4)

a)   SpecifiedtemperatureB.C.

b)SpecifiedheatfluxB.C.[specialcase(dt/dx=0):

insulation、thermalsymmetry];

c)ConvectionB.C.

d)RadiationB.C.

e)InterfaceB.C.

4)Averagethermalconductivitykave(§2-7)

5)Solutionofone-dimensional,steadyheatconductioninplanewalls、cylindersandspheres(k=const):

a)noheatgeneration,specifiedB.C.:

T(x)orT(r)(§2-5)

Q(x)orQ(r),Q=const

b)withheatgeneration,SpecifiedB.C.orConvectionB.C.:

(§2-6)

   ∆Tmax=To-Ts=gs2/2nk;q(x)=gx/n;Ts=T∞+gs/nh

characteristiclengthS,shapefactorn:

planewalls—s=L(halfthickness),n=1

cylinders——s=ro,n=2

spheres——s=ro,n=3

 

3.    Methods:

Solveaheattransferproblem

1)Mathematicalformulation(differentialequation&B.C.)

2)Generalsolutionofequation

3)ApplicationofB.C.s

4)Uniquesolutionoftheproblem

 

主要专业词汇

temperaturefield\distribution温度场\分布temperaturegradient温度梯度

heatgeneration热生成(热源)initial\boundarycondition初始\边界条件

transientheattransfer瞬态(非稳态)传热isothermalsurface等温面

Heatconductiondifferentialequation导热微分方程

trialanderrormethod试算法iterate迭代convergence收敛

Chapter3SteadyHeatConduction

主要容

1.    Concepts:

multilayer\compositewalloverallheattransfercoefficientU

thermalresistanceRtthermalcontactresistanceRccriticalradiusofinsulationRcr

finefficiencyfineffectiveness

 

2.    Equations:

✓        Multiplayerplanewall、cylindersandspheres:

✓        Fin:

finequation——refertotheattachment.

 

1)Uniformcross-section:

refertotheattachment.

2)Varyingcross-section:

 refertotheattachment.

 

主要专业词汇

thermalresistance热阻parallel并联inseries串联

thermalcontactresistance接触热阻compositewall复合壁面

thermalgrease热脂cross-section横截面temperatureexecess过余温度

hyperbolic双曲线的exponent指数

fin肋(翅)片finbase肋基fintip肋端

finefficiency肋效率fineffectiveness肋片有效度

Chapter4TransientHeatConduction

 

主要容

1.    Concepts:

lumpedsystemanalysischaracteristiclength(Lc=V/A)

Biotnumber(Bi=hLc/k)Fouriernumber(τ=at/L)   

2.    Equations:

 

●       Bi≤0,lumpedsystemanalysis(§4-1)

 

●       Bi>0,Heisler/GroberchartsORanalyticalexpressions

✓           1-D:

a)infinitelargeplanewalls,longcylindersandspheres(§4-2)

   b)semi-infinitesolids(§4-3)

✓           multidimensional:

productsolution(§4-4)

 

 

主要专业词汇

lumpedsystemanalysis集总参数法characteristiclength特征长度(尺寸)

dimension量纲nondimensionalize无量纲化dimensionlessquantity无量纲量

semi-infinitesolid半无限大固体complementaryerrorfunction误差余函数

series级数productionsolution乘积解

Chapter5NumericalMethodsinHeatConduction

 

主要容

1.    Concepts:

controlvolume(energybalance)method、finitedifferencemethod、

discretization、node、spacestep、timestep、

meshBiotnumber、meshFouriernumber、mirrorimageconcept、

explicit/implicitmethod、stabilitycriterion(primarycoefficients≥0)

Numericalerror:

1)discretization/truncationerror;2)round-offerror

 

2.    Methods:

Numericalsolution:

1)Discretizationinspaceandtime(∆x,∆t);

2)Buildallnodes’finitedifferenceformulations(includinginteriorandboundarynodes);

                                                              i.   Finitedifferencemethod

                                                            ii.   Energybalancemethod(i.e.ControlVolumemethod)

3)Solutionofnodaldifferenceeqs.ofheatconduction;

i.          Directmethod:

GaussianElimination

ii.        Iterativemethod:

Gauss-Seideliteration

 

主要专业词汇

controlvolume控制容积finitedifference有限差分

Taylorseriesexpression泰勒级数展开式

mirrorimageconcept镜像法Eliminationmethod消元法

direct/iterativemethod直接/迭代方法explicit/implicitmethod显式/隐式格式

stabilitycriterion稳定性条件primarycoefficients主系数

unconditionally无条件地algebraiceq.代数方程

discretization/truncationerror离散/截断误差round-offerror舍入误差

Chapter6、7ForcedConvectionandNaturalConvection

 

主要容

1.    Concepts:

Nu、Re、Gr、Pr

Force/naturalconvection、external/internalflow、velocity/thermalboundarylayer

flowregimes、laminar/turbulentflow

hydrodynamic/thermalentryregion、fullydevelopedregion

CriticalReynoldsNumber(Rec)、hydraulicdiameter(Dh)、

filmtemperature(Tf)、bulkmeanfluidtemperature(Tb)

logarithmicmeantemperaturedifference(∆Tln)

volumeexpansioncoefficient(β=1/T)

effectivethermalconductivity(Keff=KNu)

 

2.    Equations:

Dragforce:

FD=CfAρV2/2

Heattransferrate:

Q=hA(Ts-T∞)

 

3.TypicalConvectionPhenomena:

1)Forcedconvection:

externalflow——flowoverflatplates(§6-4)

                          ——flowacrosscylindersandspheres(§6-5)

                                      internalflow——flowintubes(§6-6)

2)Naturalconvection:

flowoversurfaces(§7-2)

                                 flowinsideenclosures(§7-3)

 

主要专业词汇

Force/naturalconvection自然/强制对流laminar/turbulentflow层/湍流

boundarylayer边界层laminarsublayer层流底层bufferlayer缓冲层

transitionregion过渡区flowregimes流态

inertia/viscousforce惯性/粘性力shearstress剪切应力

friction/dragcoefficient摩擦/阻力系数frictionfactor摩擦因子

dynamic/kinematicviscous动力/运动粘度

wake尾流stagnationpoint滞止点flowseparation流体分离

vortex漩涡rotationalmotion环流velocityfluctuation速度脉动

hydrodynamic水动力学的hydraulicdiameter水力直径

fullydevelopedregion充分发展段volumeflowrate体积流量

arithmetic/logarithmicmeantemperaturedifference算术/对数平均温差

volumeexpansioncoefficient体积膨胀系数

interferometer干涉仪asymptotic渐近线的

effectivethermalconductivity有效热导率

analogicalmethod类比法integralapproach积分近似法

orderofmagnitudeanalysis数量级分析法similarityprinciple相似原理

 

Chapter9RadiationHeatTransfer

 

主要容

1.    Concepts:

blackbody、graybody、diffusesurface、emissivepower(E)

emissivity(ε)、absorptivity(α)、reflectivity(ρ)、transmissivity(τ)

irradiation(G)、radiosity(J)、reradiating(adiabatic)surface

viewfactor(Fij)、radiationnetwork、spaceresistance、surfaceresistance

radiationshield

gasradiation、transparentmediumtoradiation、absorbingandtransmittingmedium

 

2.    Laws:

Blackbody:

(1)Plank’slaw

(2)Stefan-Boltzmann’slaw

(3)Wien’sdisplacementlaw

Graybody:

(4)Kirchhoff’slaw

Actualbody:

E(T)=εEb(T)=εσT4W/m2

Gas:

(5)Beer’slaw

 

3.Calculation:

1)Viewfactor:

reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetryRule

crossed-stringsmethod

2)Radiationheattransfer:

Radiationnetwork

Opensystem:

betweentwosurface(e.g.twolargeparallelplates)

Enclosure:

2-surfaceenclosure;3-surfaceenclosure

Radiationshield

 

主要专业词汇

thermalradiation热辐射、quantumtheory量子理论、indexofrefraction折射系数

electromagneticwave/spectrum电磁波/波谱、ultraviolet(UV)rays紫外线、infrared(IR)rays红外线

absorptivity吸收率、reflectivity反射率、transmissivity透射率、emissivity(ε)发射率(黑度)、specular/diffusereflection镜反射/漫反射

irradiation(incidentradiation)投入辐射、radiosity有效辐射

spectral/directional/totalemissivepower单色/定向/总辐射力

fractionofradiationenergy辐射能量份额(辐射比)、blackbodyradiationfunction黑体辐射函数

viewfactor辐射角系数、crossed-stringsmethod交叉线法、

reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetryRule相互/完整/和分/对称性

netradiationheattransfer净辐射热流量

radiationnetwork辐射网络图、space/surfaceradiationresistance空间/表面辐射热阻、

reradiatingsurface重辐射面、adiabatic绝热的

radiationshield遮热板

transparentmediumtoradiation辐射透热体、absorbingandtransmittingmedium吸收-透过性介质

Chapter10HeatExchangers

 

主要容

1.    Concepts:

heatexchangertype----double-pipe、compact、shell-and-tube、plate-and-frame、regenerativeheatexchanger

parallel/counter/cross/multipassflow

overallheattransfercoefficient(U)foulingfactor(Rf)

heatcapacityratecapacityration

logmeantemperaturedifference(ΔTlm)

heattransfereffectiveness(ε)

numberoftransferunits(NTU)

 

2.    Equations:

1)heatbalanceeq.:

Q=Ch(Th,in-Th,out)=Cc(Tc,out-Tc,in)

2)heattransfereq.:

Q=UAΔTlm(LMTDmethod)

orQ=εQmax=εCmin(Th,in?

CTc,in)(ε-NTUmethod)

 

3.Methods:

1)LMTDMethod:

selectaheatexchanger

Known:

Ch、Cc、3‘T’

Predict:

1‘T’、Q、A

2)ε-NTUMethod:

evaluatetheperformanceofaspecifiedheatexchanger

Known:

Ch、Cc、UA、Th,in、Tc,in

Predict:

Q、Th,out、Tc,out

 

主要专业词汇

double-pipe/compact/shell-and-tube/plate-and-frame/regenerativeheatexchanger

套管式/紧凑式/壳管式/板式/蓄热(再生)式换热器

parallel/counter/cross/multipassflow顺流/逆流/叉流/多程流

areadensity面积密度tube/shellpass管程/壳程static/dynamictype静/动态型

baffle挡板header封头nozzle管嘴guidebar导向杆porthole孔口

gasket垫圈lateral侧面的/横向的

foulingfactor污垢因子heatcapacityrate水当量

heattransfereffectiveness(ε)传热有效度

n

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