醉酒者在酒鬼身边会感觉清醒.docx

醉酒者在酒鬼身边会感觉清醒.docx

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醉酒者在酒鬼身边会感觉清醒

醉酒者在酒鬼身边会感觉清醒

ThisisScientificAmerican—60-SecondScience.I'mChristopherIntagliata.

Volunteersinscientificstudiessometimesgetcompensated.Thepaymentcanbecash,agiftcardorsomethingalmostworthless:

"It'samazingwhatpeoplewilldoforalollipop,whenthey'vehadafewdrinks."

SimonMooreisaprofessorofpublichealthresearchatCardiffUniversityintheU.K.Andthelollipopswereforpeoplewhoagreedtoblowintoabreathalyzer,whileoutonaFridayorSaturdaynightinWales—morethan1,800peopleagreedtotheexchange.Thescorescoveredawiderangeofalcoholintake."Sothatwouldgofromzeroupwards.Ithinkoneofthelargestscoreswehadwas120,whichisaneardeathexperience."

Theresearchersalsogaveasubsetofvolunteersashortsurveyaboutdrinkinghabitsandhealthrisks.Questionslike:

"Howdrunkareyourightnow?

"and"Howextremehasyourdrinkingbeentonight?

"Andtheyfoundthatevenverydrunkrespondentsfeltrelativelymoresober,iftheyweresurroundedbyevendrunkerpeople.Inotherwords:

ourperceptionofintoxication—anditsrisks—isrelative.

"Sothisisthepoint,asyouchangecontext,perceptionswillchange,althoughtheabsolutelevelofalcoholintheirsystemdoesn'tchange."ThestudyisinthejournalBMCPublicHealth.

Mooresaysonewaytousethisfindingisforbettercityzoning."IntheUnitedKingdomforexamplethere'sbeenabigpushtoputmorepremisesthatsellalcoholinthesamedistrict,inthesamearea.Andwhatthisdoesiscreateaconcentrationofdrinkers.Sowhatwemightarguefromthisis,welllet'strytobreakthatupalittlebit."Haveamixofbars,restaurants,cafesandcinemas,sodrinkerswillbearoundrelativelysoberpeople,too,insteadoffellowinebriates.Whichmightencouragedrinkerstonursetheirdrinks…andthusavoidtheER.

ThanksforlisteningforScientificAmerican—60-SecondScienceScience.I'mChristopherIntagliata.

奥巴马和特朗普为权力交接做好准备JUDYWOODRUFF:

President-electDonaldTrumpisbackinNewYorkCitytonight,afteradayoffirstmeetingsinWashington.Itwastheformallaunchofthetransitionofpower,andtherewasnosignofthebitterbroadsidesthatmarkedthecampaign.

JohnYangbeginsourcoverage.

PRESIDENTBARACKOBAMA:

Well,Ijusthadtheopportunitytohaveanexcellentconversationwithpresident-electTrump.

JOHNYANG:

PresidentObamawelcomedDonaldTrumptotheOvalOfficetoday,justdaysafterhecalledtheRepublicandangerousandunqualified,andafterMr.TrumpcalledtheObamarecordadisaster.So,howdidtheirfirstface-to-facemeetinggo?

PRESIDENTBARACKOBAMA:

Ihavebeenveryencouragedbythe,Ithink,interestinpresident-electTrump'swantingtoworkwithmyteamaroundmanyoftheissuesthatthisgreatcountryfaces.

Wenowaregoingtowanttodoeverythingwecantohelpyousucceed,because,ifyousucceed,thenthecountrysucceeds.

DONALDTRUMP（R）,President-Elect:

Ihavegreatrespect.

Themeetinglastedforalmostanhour-and-a-half.Anditcouldhave—asfarasI'mconcerned,itcouldhavegoneonforalotlonger.Wereally—wediscussedalotofdifferentsituations,somewonderfulandsomedifficulties.

AndIlookforwardtobeingwithyoumany,manymoretimesinthefuture.

JOHNYANG:

Asreportersshoutedquestions,Mr.Obamaevenofferedhissuccessorabitofadvice.

PRESIDENTBARACKOBAMA:

Here'sagoodrule.Don'tansweranyquestionswhentheyjuststartyelling.

DONALDTRUMP:

It'salwaysthelastone.

首次会见奥巴马和特朗普为权力交接做好准备

JOHNYANG:

WhiteHousePressSecretaryJoshEarnestsaidthemeetingwasalittlelessawkwardthansomehadexpected.

JOSHEARNEST,WhiteHousePressSecretary:

Ifeelconfidentintellingyouthattheydidn'tresolvealltheirdifferences.ButIalsofeelconfidentintellingyouthattheydidn'ttrytoresolvealltheirdifferences.

WhattheysoughttodowastolaythefoundationforaneffectivetransitionfromtheObamapresidencytotheTrumppresidency.

JOHNYANG:

Anotherpartofthatfoundation?

RelationswithCongress.

Whenhebecomespresident,Mr.Trumpwillpresideoveraunifiedgovernment,RepublicansinchargehereattheWhiteHouseandonCapitolHill.ThequestionishowunifiedthoseRepublicanswillbe.

Meetingwiththepresident-electthisafternoon,HouseSpeakerPaulRyan,whoserelationshipwithcandidateTrumpwassometimesrocky,pledgedtoworktogether.

REP.PAULRYAN,SpeakeroftheHouse:

We'regoingtoturnthatvictoryintoprogressfortheAmericanpeople.AndwearenowtalkingabouthowwearegoingtohitthegroundrunningtomakesurethatwecangetthiscountryturnedaroundandmakeAmericagreatagain.

JOHNYANG:

Mr.TrumpmadeclearthatsomeoftheRepublicanHouse'sprioritiesarealsohispriorities.

DONALDTRUMP:

Whetherit'shealthcareorimmigration,somanydifferentthings,wewillbeworkingonthemveryrapidly.AndIthinkwewillbeputtingthingsupprettyquickly.

JOHNYANG:

HealsometwithSenateMajorityLeaderMitchMcConnell.

TheTrumpteamisalsobeginningthearduoustaskofbuildinganadministration.NewJerseyGovernorChrisChristie,formerHouseSpeakerNewtGingrichandformerNewYorkMayorRudyGiulianiarebeingwidelymentionedfortoppositions.

Forthe"PBSNewsHour,"I'mJohnYangattheWhiteHouse.

特朗普发表胜选演讲

"Thankyou.Thankyouverymuch,everyone.Sorrytokeepyouwaiting.Complicatedbusiness,complicated.Thankyouverymuch.

I'vejustreceivedacallfromsecretaryClinton.Shecongratulatedus.It’saboutus.Onourvictory,andIcongratulatedherandherfamilyonavery,veryhard-foughtcampaign.

Imeanshefoughtveryhard.Hillaryhasworkedverylongandveryhardoveralongperiodoftime,andweoweheramajordebtofgratitudeforherservicetoourcountry.

Imeanthatverysincerely.NowitistimeforAmericatobindthewoundsofdivision,havetogettogether,toallRepublicansandDemocratsandindependentsacrossthisnationIsayitistimeforustocometogetherasoneunitedpeople.

Itistime.IpledgetoeverycitizenofourlandthatIwillbepresidentforallofAmericans,andthisissoimportanttome.Forthosewhohavechosennottosupportmeinthepast,ofwhichtherewereafewpeople,I'mreachingouttoyouforyourguidanceandyourhelpsothatwecanworktogetherandunifyourgreatcountry.AsI'vesaidfromthebeginning,ourswasnotacampaignbutratheranincredibleandgreatmovement,madeupofmillionsofhard-workingmenandwomenwholovetheircountryandwantabetter,brighterfutureforthemselvesandfortheirfamily.

ItisamovementcomprisedofAmericansfromallraces,religions,backgroundsandbeliefs,whowantandexpectourgovernmenttoservethepeople,andservethepeopleitwill.

WorkingtogetherwewillbegintheurgenttaskofrebuildingournationandrenewingtheAmericandream.I'vespentmyentirelifeinbusiness,lookingattheuntappedpotentialinprojectsandinpeopleallovertheworld.

ThatisnowwhatIwanttodoforourcountry.Tremendouspotential.I'vegottentoknowourcountrysowell.Tremendouspotential.Itisgoingtobeabeautifulthing.EverysingleAmericanwillhavetheopportunitytorealizehisorherfullestpotential.Theforgottenmenandwomenofourcountrywillbeforgottennolonger.

Wearegoingtofixourinnercitiesandrebuildourhighways,bridges,tunnels,airports,schools,hospitals.We'regoingtorebuildourinfrastructure,whichwillbecome,bytheway,secondtonone,andwewillputmillionsofourpeopletoworkaswerebuildit.Wewillalsofinallytakecareofourgreatveteranswhohavebeensoloyal,andI'vegottentoknowsomanyoverthis18-monthjourney.

ThetimeI'vespentwiththemduringthiscampaignhasbeenamongmygreatesthonors.

Ourveteransareincrediblepeople.Wewillembarkuponaprojectofnationalgrowthandrenewal.Iwillharnessthecreativetalentsofourpeopleandwewillcalluponthebestandbrightesttoleveragetheirtremendoustalentforthebenefitofall.Itisgoingtohappen.Wehaveagreateconomicplan.Wewilldoubleourgrowthandhavethestrongesteconomyanywhereintheworld.Atthesametimewewillgetalongwithallothernations,willingtogetalongwithus.Wewillbe.Wewillhavegreatrelationships.Weexpecttohavegreat,greatrelationships.Nodreamistoobig,nochallengeistoogreat.Nothingwewantforourfutureisbeyondourreach.

Americawillnolongersettleforanythinglessthanthebest.Wemustreclaimourcountry'sdestinyanddreambigandboldanddaring.Wehavetodothat.We'regoingtodreamofthingsforourcountry,andbeautifulthingsandsuccessfulthingsonceagain.

IwanttotelltheworldcommunitythatwhilewewillalwaysputAmerica'sinterestsfirst,wewilldealfairlywitheveryone,witheveryone.

Allpeopleandallothernations.Wewillseekcommonground,nothostility,partnership,notconflict.AndnowIwouldliketotakethismomenttothanksomeofthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedmewiththis,whattheyarecallingtonightavery,veryhistoricvictory.

FirstIwanttothankmyparents,whoIknowarelookingdownonmerightnow.Greatpeople.I'velearnedsomuchfromthem.Theywerewonderfulineveryregard.Iaretrulygreatparents.Ialsowanttothankmysisters,MarianneandElizabethwhoareherewithustonight.Wherearethey?

They'reheresomeplace.They'reveryshyactually.

AndmybrotherRobert,mygreatfriend.WhereisRobert?

WhereisRobert?

MybrotherRobert,andtheyshouldbeonthisstagebutthat'sokay.They'regreat.

AndalsomylatebrotherFred,greatguy.Fantasticguy.Fantasticfamily.Iwasverylucky.

Greatbrothers,sisters,great,unbelievableparents.ToMelaniaandDonandIvanka