93阅读及答案文档格式.docx

93阅读及答案文档格式.docx

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ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsaboutl,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.

Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern"

toy-bear"

.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.

Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling（咿呀学语）,graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.

21.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperimentwas_________

[A]toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytospeak

[B]todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech

[C]tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak

[D]toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage

22.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostprobablythat_________

[A]theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly

[B]theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce

[C]theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak

[D]theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem

23.Whatisexceptionallyremarkableaboutachildisthat__________

[A]heisbornwiththecapacitytospeak

[B]hehasabrainmorecomplexthanananimal’s

[C]hecanproducehisownsentences

[D]heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing

24.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?

[A]Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.

[B]Encouragementisanythingbutessentialtoachildinlanguagelearning.

[C]Thechild’sbrainishighlyselective.

[D]Mostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.

25.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,hewill________

[A]haveahighIQ 

[B]belessintelligent

[C]beinsensitivetoverbalsignals 

[D]notnecessarilybebackward

Passage2

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主义的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"

human-relations"

experts;

yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;

theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain---bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"

freeenterprise"

capitalism?

Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities----thoseofloveandofreason----aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

26.By"

awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"

theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis 

______

[A]anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

[B]workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

[C]anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

[D]ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

27.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat_____

[A]theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

[B]theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

[C]theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

[D]theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

28.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

[A]whoareatthebottomofthesociety

[B]whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

[C]whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

[D]whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

29.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

[A]resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

[B]offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

[C]enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

[D]takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof________

[A]approval 

[B]dissatisfaction 

[C]suspicion 

　[D]tolerance

Passage3

Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:

hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.

Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly（垄断）andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiodterminates.

Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthelifespanofapatentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

ThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;

his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent’snormallifetherewasnocolorTVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheinvention.

Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothepatentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyonetouseand,ifolderthanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor’srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherformpermanentlyinvalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.

Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost"

new"

ideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,thatmakesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindtelevis