英语写作Types of Sentences文档格式.docx

英语写作Types of Sentences文档格式.docx

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SIMPLESENTENCE

Asimplesentence,alsocalledanindependentclause,containsasubjectandaverb,anditexpressesacompletethought.Inthefollowingsimplesentences,subjectsareinyellow,andverbsareingreen. 

A.Somestudentsliketostudyinthemornings.

B.JuanandArturoplayfootballeveryafternoon.

C.Aliciagoestothelibraryandstudieseveryday.

Thethreeexamplesaboveareallsimplesentences. 

NotethatsentenceBcontainsacompoundsubject,andsentenceCcontainsacompoundverb. 

Simplesentences,therefore,containasubjectandverbandexpressacompletethought,buttheycanalsocontainacompoundsubjectsorverbs. 

COMPOUNDSENTENCE

Acompoundsentencecontainstwoindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinator.Thecoordinatorsareasfollows:

for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so.（Helpfulhint:

ThefirstletterofeachofthecoordinatorsspellsFANBOYS.）Exceptforveryshortsentences,coordinatorsarealwaysprecededbyacomma.Inthefollowingcompoundsentences,subjectsareinyellow,verbsareingreen,andthecoordinatorsandthecommasthatprecedethemareinred. 

A. 

ItriedtospeakSpanish,andmyfriendtriedtospeakEnglish. 

B. 

Alejandroplayedfootball,soMariawentshopping. 

C. 

Alejandroplayedfootball,forMariawentshopping.

Theabovethreesentencesarecompoundsentences. 

Eachsentencecontainstwoindependentclauses,andtheyarejoinedbyacoordinatorwithacommaprecedingit. 

Notehowtheconscioususeofcoordinatorscanchangetherelationshipbetweentheclauses. 

SentencesBandC,forexample,areidenticalexceptforthecoordinators. 

InsentenceB,whichactionoccurredfirst?

Obviously,"

Alejandroplayedfootball"

first,andasaconsequence,"

Mariawentshopping. 

InsentenceC,"

Mariawentshopping"

first. 

because,possibly,hedidn'

thaveanythingelsetodo,fororbecause"

Mariawentshopping."

Howcantheuseofothercoordinatorschangetherelationshipbetweenthetwoclauses?

Whatimplicationswouldtheuseof"

yet"

or"

but"

haveonthemeaningofthesentence?

COMPLEXSENTENCE

Acomplexsentencehasanindependentclausejoinedbyoneormoredependentclauses.Acomplexsentencealwayshasasubordinatorsuchasbecause,since,after,although,orwhenorarelativepronounsuchasthat,who,orwhich.Inthefollowingcomplexsentences,subjectsareinyellow,verbsareingreen,andthesubordinatorsandtheircommas（whenrequired）areinred.

A.Whenhehandedinhishomework,heforgottogivetheteacherthelastpage. 

B.Theteacherreturnedthehomeworkaftershenoticedtheerror. 

C.Thestudentsarestudyingbecausetheyhaveatesttomorrow.

D.Aftertheyfinishedstudying,JuanandMariawenttothemovies. 

E.JuanandMariawenttothemoviesaftertheyfinishedstudying.

WhenacomplexsentencebeginswithasubordinatorsuchassentencesAandD,acommaisrequiredattheendofthedependentclause.WhentheindependentclausebeginsthesentencewithsubordinatorsinthemiddleasinsentencesB,C,andE,nocommaisrequired.IfacommaisplacedbeforethesubordinatorsinsentencesB,C,andE,itiswrong.

NotethatsentencesDandEarethesameexceptsentenceDbeginswiththedependentclausewhichisfollowedbyacomma,andsentenceEbeginswiththeindependentclausewhichcontainsnocomma. 

ThecommaafterthedependentclauseinsentenceDisrequired,andexperiencedlistenersofEnglishwilloftenhearaslightpausethere. 

InsentenceE,however,therewillbenopausewhentheindependentclausebeginsthesentence. 

COMPLEXSENTENCES/ADJECTIVECLAUSES

Finally,sentencescontainingadjectiveclauses（ordependentclauses）arealsocomplexbecausetheycontainanindependentclauseandadependentclause. 

Thesubjects,verbs,andsubordinatorsaremarkedthesameasintheprevioussentences,andinthesesentences,theindependentclausesarealsounderlined. 

A.Thewomanwho（m）mymomtalkedtosellscosmetics.

B.ThebookthatJonathanreadisontheshelf.

C.ThehousewhichAbrahAM 

Lincolnwasborninisstillstanding.

D.ThetownwhereIgrewupisintheUnitedStates.

AdjectiveClausesarestudiedinthissiteseparately,butfornowitisimportanttoknowthatsentencescontainingadjectiveclausesarecomplex.

"

sentenceidentification"

quizzes

1:

HelenKellerwasborninTuscumbia,Alabama,in1880anddiedin1968.

Simple

Compound

Complex

2:

Untilshewas19monthsofage,hersightandhearingwerenormal.

3:

Attheageof19months,asevereillnessleftherdeafandblind.

4:

Whenshewasseven,shebeganhereducationinreadingandwritingwithAnneSullivanofthePerkinsInstitutefortheBlind.

5:

Throughpersistenceandstubbornness,AnnebreaksthroughHelen'

swallsofsilenceanddarknessandteacheshertocommunicate.

6:

HelenKellerlearnedtoreadbytheBraillesystem,andshelearnedtowritebyusingaspeciallyconstructedtypewriter.

7:

Later,sheenteredRadcliffeCollegeandgraduatedwithhonorsin1904.

8:

HelenKeller'

sstoryneededtobetold,soin1962,abeautifulmoviewasmadeaboutherlife.

9:

"

Iftherewereonlyjoyintheworld,wecouldneverlearntobebraveandpatient."

--HelenKeller

10:

Lifeiseitheradaringadventure,oritisnothing."

textbook:

p37P38exercise.

3.ReadtextbookP39-40.

Whataretheeffectsofloose,periodic,andbalancedsentences?

p41exercise.

4.Shortsentences&

Longsentences

Read4discoursesinourtextbookP42-43.

Whataretheeffectsofshortsentences&

longsentences?