《新编简明英语语言学教程》学习手册word可编辑打印Word下载.docx

《新编简明英语语言学教程》学习手册word可编辑打印Word下载.docx

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（）2.[+sonarant]isonlysharedbyallthevowels.

（）3.Monophthongsanddiphthongsaretwomajortypesofvowels.

（）4.Soundswhichareproducedwithboththeupperlipandthelowerliparecalledbilabials.

（）5.Acousticphoneticsfocusesontheproductionofsoundsfromaphysiologicalperspective.

II.Choosethebestansweramonga,b,cord,andputtheletteryouchooseinthebrackets:

（）1.Thewidelyusedsymbolsforphonetictranscriptionofspeechsoundsis___________.

A.InternationalPhoneticSymbolB.InternationalPhoneticAlphabet

C.NarrowTranscriptionD.WideTranscription

（）2.Whenthetonguetouchesthealveolarridge,thesoundproducedisdescribedas__________.

A.alveolarB.palatal

C.velarD.interdental

（）3.Inmoredetailedtranscription（sometimesreferedtoasnarrowtranscription）,asoundmaybetranscribedwithasymboltowhichasmallersymbolisaddedinordertomarkthefinerdistinctions.Thesmalleroneiscalled____________.

A.segmentB.phoneticsymbol

C.markerD.diacritic

（）4.___________isthefuturefoundin[s][z]].[][з][t][dз]

A.[+continuant]B.[+sonorant]

C.[+sibilant]D.[+anterior]

（）5.________possessesthefeatures:

[+high][+back][+round][-tense]

A.[u]B[u:

]C.[ɑ:

]D.[

]

III.Writethearticulatorydescriptionofthefollowingphoneticsymbols:

1.[b]

2.[n]

3.[w]

4.[v]

5.[t]

6.[i:

]

7.[θ]

8.[u:

9.[æ

10[ə:

IV.Writethephoneticsymbolthatcorrespondstothearticulatorydescription:

1.bilabialstops[]

2.voicedalveolarstops[]

3.velarnasal[]

4.bilabialnasal[]

5.centralvowels[]

6.alveolarfricatives[]

7.highbackvowels[]

8.voicedinterdental[]

9.palatalglide[]

10voicelesspalatalaffricate[]

VII.Howareconsonantsdescribedintermsofmannersofarticulation?

第三章音位学

3.1音位学

3.2音位和音位变体

3.3音位的识别

音位学家研究语言的音位系统时，他们区分音位和音位变体的基本过程如下：

3.4区别性特征和非区别性特征

3.5音位规则

3.6音节结构

3.7音位序列

3.8超音段特征

（）1.Ifsoundsappearinthesameenvironment,theyaresaidtobeincontrastivedistribution.

（）2.InEnglish,thetwoliquids[l][r]areallophones.

（）3.Supersegmatalfeaturesarenon-distinctivefeatures.

（）4.Asyllableisnotalwayscomposedofonset,nucleusandcoda.

（）5.Toneisadistinctivefeature.

IV.Belowaresomephonologicalrulesdescribedinformulae.Rewritetherulesinwords.

1.[+voiced+consonant]→[-voiced]/[-voiced+consonant]–

2.[+consonant–voiced]→[+voiced]/[+vocalic-consonant]–[+vocalic-consonant]

3.[-voiced+stop]→[+aspirated]/#-[-consonantal+vocalic+stressed]

4.[+vocalic–consonantal]→[+nasalized]/-[+nasal]

V.Identifythedifferencebetweenahotdogandahotdog.

VI.Howdoyouunderstandthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?

第四章形态学

4.1词与词的结构

4.2词素

4.3词素的类别

4.4英语构词法

Ⅰ.Filltheblankswithnecessarywordsbeginningwiththelettergiven:

1.Thetotalnumberofwordsstoredinthebrainiscalledthel（theGreekwordfordictionary）,whichcanbeunderstoodasamentaldictionary.

2.Asthesmallestfreeunitsoflanguage,wordsunitesoundswithmeaning.Inwriting,wordsmusthaveformalrepresentation,calledo.

3.Misdefinedasthestudyoftheinternalstructureandtheformationofwords.

4.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageiscalledam.

5.Wordslikewent,whichisnotrelatedinformtoindicategrammaticalcontrastwiththeroot,arecalleds.

6.Somemorphemeslikewater,desire,work,able,andthereconstitutewordsbythemselves,Theyarefwhentheyarecomponentsofwords.

7.Somemorphemeslikede-,dis-,-ish,-ing,areneverusedindependentlyinspeechandwriting,Theyarealwaysattachedtofreemorphemestoformnewwords,Thesemorphemesarecalledb.

8.Complementarywith–erand–estaremoreandmost,whichareputbeforeadjectivesandadverbscomposedoftwoormoresyllables,-erandmore,–estandmost,area

9.Theprocessofputtingaffixestoexistingformstocreatenewwordsiscalledd.

10.Cisaprocessthatshortensapolysyllabicwordbydeletingoneormoresyllables,Bus（fromomnibus）,vet（fromveterinarian）aregoodexamples.

Ⅲ.Answerthefollowingquestions:

1.Usesomeexamplestoillustrateoneoftheformsofwordformation——compounding.

2.Illustrate“conversion”withsomeexamples.

第五章句法

5.1语法性

5.2句子结构知识

5.3研究句法的不同方式

5.4转换

Ⅰ.Filltheblankswiththeappropriatewordsbeginningwiththelettergiven..

1.Structuralgrammarischaracterizedbyatop-downprocessofanalysis.Asentenceisseenasaconstituentstructure.Allthecomponentsofthesentenceareitsconstituents.Asentencecanbecutintosectioncanbecutintosections.Eachsectionisitsimmediateconstituent.Theneachsectioncanbefurthercutintoconstituents.Thison-goingcuttingistermedica.

2.SistheanalysisofSentenceStructure.

3.Ascisaclassofexpressionsthatsubstituteforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticality.Forexample,inthesentenceAnaughtyboybrokethewindow,anaughtyboycanbereplacedbyhe,aman,John,themanwhohasjustleft,andsoon.AllthesebelongtothesamesyntacticcategorycalledNounPhrase.（abbreviatedasNP）.

4.Theprocessofputtingwordsofthesamelexicalcategoryintosmallerclassesaccordingtotheirsyntacticcharacteristicsiscalleds.

5.Somematerialprocessesalsoinvolves,whichessentiallyencodesthebackgroundofaction,includingtime,location,manner,cause,reason,accompaniment,etc.

6.Modalitycanbecategorizedintomandmaccordingtothedistinctionofspeechroles.

Ⅱ.Drawtwotreediagramsofthefollowingambiguoussentence:

Theycanfish.

Ⅲ.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowhowsyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences:

1.Smokingcigarscanbenauseating.

2.Afterathree-daydebate,theyfinallydecidedontheplane.

Ⅳ.Tellwhetherpolarityormodalityisexpressedinthefollowingsentences,ifmodality,thenidentifythetype（modalizationormodulation）:

1.Heoftengoestothesupermarket.

2.Ihardlyheardthenoiseoutside.

3.Yououghttogivehimthepresent.

4.Ihavenotbeentothatcity.

Ⅴ.Identifythetypeoftransitivityprocessineachofthefollowingsentences:

1.Tomcookedthedinner.

2.Maryownsthehouse.

3.Johnlikesthebook.

4.Tinaisplayingthegame.

5.Lisatoldhimthesecret.

6.Thereisagardeninfrontofmygrandma’shouse.

第六章语义学

6.1意义研究

6.2指称和意义

6.3词汇意义的分类

6.4词汇意义关系

Ⅰ.Filltheblankswithnecessarywordsbeginningwiththelettergiven：

1．Sisdefinedasthestudyofmeaning.

2．A,miswhatiscommunicatedofthefeelingorattitudeofthespeaker/writertowardwhatisreferredto.Statesmaniscommendinginsensewhilepoliticianisderogatory.

3．Sarewordswhichhavedifferentformbutsimilarmeaning.

4．Synonymsofdifferentrarewordssimilarinmeaningbutusedindifferentspheres.

5．Intraditionalterminology,aarewordswhichareoppositeinmeaning.

6．Gaarepairsofwordsoppositetoeachother,butthepositiveofoneworddoesnotnecessarilyimplythenegativeoftheother,orviceversa.

7．Harewordswhichhavethesameform,butdifferentmeaning.

8．Apisawordwhichhasseveralrelatedsenses.

9．Hisarelationofinclusion.Tiger,lion,elephantarehyponymsofthewordanimal.Wordslikeanimalarecalleds.

10．Theapproachthatanalyzeswordmeaningbydecomposingitintoitsatomicfeaturesiscalledca.

Ⅲ.Thefollowingpairsofwordsorphrasesaresimilarinmeaning.Trytotellthedifferencebetweenthetwowordsorexpressionsinlightofclassificationoflexicalmeaning：

1.choir/chorus2.enshroud/cover3.passaway/die4.mail/post5.fetid/badsmell6.beauty/siren7.assassinate/murder

Ⅳ.Therearethreekindsofantonymy.BywritingC,G,orRinthebank,indicatewhetherthepairiscomplementary,gradable,orreversalopposites：

1.rich/poor2.male/female3.dead/alive4.husband/wife5.come/go6.ascend/descend

Ⅴ.Indicatethestatementstrueorfalse.PutTfortrueandFforfalseinthebrackets：

（）1.Prototypereferstotheprocessbywhichpeopleuselanguagetoclassifytheworldaroundandinsidethem.

（）2.ThetheoryofprototypesproposedbyEleanorRosch,solvesthelogicalproblembyanotionofdegreeofmembership.

（）3.Componentialanalysiscanbeappliedtotheanalysisofalllexicons.

（）4.Referencerelatesthesigntowhatitdenotesintheword.Conceptrelatesthesigntothemind.

（）5.Apolysemeisawordwhichhasseveralrelatedsenses.

（）6.Hyponymyisarelationofinclusion.Tiger,lionanddogarehyponymsoftheworldanimal.

（）7.Reflectedmeaningistheassociatedmeaningawordacquiresinlinewiththemeaningofwordswhichtendtoco-occurwithit.

第七章语用学

7.1意义的语用研究

7.2指示语和指称

.

7.3言语行为

7.4合作原则与会话含意

7.5礼貌原则（ThePolitenessPrinciple）

7.6关联理论

7.7会话结构

I．Dataanalysis:

1.Whatkindofpre-sequenceisA’sfirstutteranceineachofthefollowingdiscourses?

1）A:

Areyoudoin