中英文文献翻译四轮转向汽车的转向特性及控制技术.docx
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中英文文献翻译四轮转向汽车的转向特性及控制技术
附 录
附录A
SteeringBehaviorandControlTechnology
0fFour—wheelSteeringAutomobiIe
ABSTRACT
Thispaperanalysesthecharacteristicsofcarfour-wheelsteeringcontrolto,summarizestheprincipleofconstructionfour-wheelsteeringcars.Introducedthefour-wheelsteeringsystemcontrolstrategy.Pointsoutthefour-wheelsteeringsystemcontroltechnologyfacesdifficulties,andprospectsthetrendofitsdevelopment.
Keywords:
four-wheelsteering;Steeringcharacteristics;Workingprinciple;Control;Development;
1.Introduction
Withmodernroadtrafficsystemandthedevelopmentofmodernautomobiletechnology,peopleonthecar'ssteeringcontrolperformanceanddrivingstabilityrequirementisincreasingdaybyday.Asthemosteffectiveimprovevehiclehandlingperformanceofakindofactivechassiscontroltechnology-four-wheelsteeringtechnology.Inthe1980sbeganincarsgetapplication,andasthemodernautomobileindustryandcontinuousdevelopment.Carfour-wheelsteeringmeansinturn,therearcarcanberelativetobodyactivesteering,thatthecarcanbeuptofourwheelsrole.Toimprovethecarturnedtomaneuverability,handlingstabilityanddrivingsafety.
2.Thecar'ssteeringfour-wheelsteering
2.14wscarsand2wssteeringprocessanalysis
Ordinarytwowheelsteeringcannotonlythefrontcararounditsownwheelrotationandrelativetobodydeflectionaroundtheprecision,thenwheelrotationandnotonlydeflection.Whenthedriverturnedthesteeringwheel,frontwheelsteering,changeddirectionsfacefronttyre,producedatransverseforce,throughthefrontwheeleffectonbody,makethebodyyawingandproducecentrifugalforce,therearwheelscornering,producedchangedirection,participateinthesportscarto.Andtherearandfrontcar4wsas,canrotationcanalsodeflection.Whenthedriverturnedthesteeringwheel,frontandrearwheels,thatcaralmostatthesametimetochangedirection,realizesteeringmovement.
Inturn,the2wscarbeforeactivesteeringwheelrotationjustmakespassivesteering.Obviously,2wscarsinsteeringprocessfromthesteeringwheelrotationtorearwheelsteeringmovementinbetweentheexistenceofcertainlagtime.Thisphaselag2wsautomobilesteeringcharacteristicsmaketheservosexbecomespoor,andthatthecarsteeringradiusincreased.Inaddition,2wscaratahighspeed,thesteeringwheelAnglerelativetocertainincremental,bodyyaw-rateandlateralaccelerationincrementalincreases,madethecaratahighspeedhandlingandstabilitybecomespoor.Andinturn,thecar4wshasdonebefore,rearwheelsteering,activeintheprocessofsteering,highsensitivity,fastresponse,effectivelyovercometheshortcomings.
2.24wsautomobilesteeringway
Accordingtothetheoryanalysisandroadtestshowedthatafour-wheelsteeringcanimprovethemaneuverabilityandsteeringcontrolstabilityofhighspeed,modern4wscarisdevelopedaccordingtotheguidingideology.Generallyspeaking,intheprocessofsteeringcarsin4ws,accordingtodifferentdrivingconditions,frontandrearwheelsteeringAngleshouldfollowcertainrulesbetween.Atpresent,thefront,reartypical4wsdeflectionrulesgenerallyaredescribedbelow:
(a)inversephasesteering
AsshowninfigureA1(a)shows,steeringwheelAngleatlowspeedsorlarger,frontandrearinversephaseshift,realizethattherearwheelswiththefrontdeflectdeflectinstead,andwiththesteeringwheelAngledeflectionAngleincreasesandincreasesinacertainrange.Thisredirectionspeedwaycanimprovethemanipulationofthecar,reduceautomobileportabilityturningradius,makingcarsmaneuverability.Easycarturnedturn,obstacleavoidanceanddriving,garageandparking.Asforcars,ifrearinversephase5°,thenturnedcanreduceminimumsteeringradiuswasabout0.5.
(b)phasewithsteering
AsshowninfigureA1(b)shows,inahigh-speedorsteeringwheelAngleislesser,frontandrearwheelswithphaseshift,realizethattherearwheelsdeflectthedeflectiondirectionwithfrontwheel.Makethecarbodyyaw-rategreatlyreduceautomobilebody,canreducethetendencyofcorneringundergodynamic,guaranteetheovertakingthehighway,elevatedhighway,inandout,intheapproachandflyoversinsufficientsteeringstate.Now,therearemany4wscarstakeimprovingvehiclehandlingperformancefocusesonmakingcarsonhigh-speedsteeringstability,withoutexcessivedemandsinlow-speeddrivingcarcourse-alteringmaneuversflexibility.Thefeaturesislowbyfrontwheelsteeringcaronlywhenonlyincarspeeds,afteruptoacertainvalue,rear,onlyparticipateinsteeringphasewithfour-wheelsteering.
(a)Reverseasteering(b)Coincidentalasteering
FigureA1four-wheelsteeringthefrontofthecar,reardeflectionrule
3.Four-wheelsteeringcarcomponentsandworkingcharacteristics
4wscarisinfrontwheelsteeringsystem,andonthebasisofsuspensionincarsoninstallasetofrearwheelsteeringsystem,boththroughcertainquestionsofcontact,makingcarsinfrontwheelsteeringalsoparticipateinthemeanwhile,rearwheelsteering.Afterdecadesofresearchanddevelopment,havemolding4wscartypehasavarietyof,composition,structureisdifferent,workingprincipleandcontrolmethodsvary.Thetypicalelectric4wssystemmainlybythefrontwheelsteeringsystem,sensors,ECU,rearwheelsteeringactuatorsandrearwheelsteeringtransmissionmechanismetc.thesensorwillfrontwheelsteeringmotorsportsthesignalandthesignalintoECUwereanalyzedandcalculated,willprocessafterthedrivesignaltorearwheelsteeringactuators,rearwheelsteeringactuatorsaction,throughtherearwheelsteeringtransmissionmechanism,rearwheeldeflection.Meanwhile,ECUwhencarriedoutmonitoringcaroperationcondition,calculatetargetsteeringAngleandrearreal-timesteeringAngle,thedifferenceinvaluebetweenreal-timeadjustmenttorearwheelscorner.Such,canaccordingtotheactualsportscar,torealizethestatecarfour-wheelsteering.General4wscarsequippedwithtwoturningmode,canenter4wsstate,alsocankeepthetraditional2wsstate,driverscanpassthedrivingindoorsteeringmodeswitchselection.When4wscarinthecourseofdrivingtheelectroniccontrolsystemmalfunction,rearwheelautomaticbackintothemiddle,theautomaticintothefrontwheelsteeringstate,ensurelikeordinaryfrontwheelsteeringcardrivingsafelyasautomobiles.Meanwhile,dashboard"4ws"indicator,warningdrivers,storedonECUfaultconditionofwarranty,sothatbyyards.
4.Four-wheelsteeringcontrolofthecar
4wssystemnotonlytorealizetheneedforautomotivesteeringmovement,andguaranteethevehiclesteeringtravelingstability.Atpresent,intheresearchanddevelopmentofautomobile4wscenteredonimprovingcar,thetransientmanipulationstabilityasastartingpoint,exploreduetorearbroughtcarinresponsetochanges,andadoptsvariousrearwheelcontrolstrategyandproducedifferenteffect.Autofour-wheelsteeringcontroldependsontireswerelateralforce,four-wheelsteeringcanmakecarsinturn,thereardirectlyinvolvedinforcaryawingmovementandlateralizingcontrol.Throughtimely,accuratecontroloftherearwheelsteeringAngle,notonlycanshortentheprocessofsteeringthetransientresponse,andcanactivelycontrolcarsthetrajectoryandattitude.Inturn,thatthecarduringitslongitudinaldirectioncenterlineofthedirection,evenwiththedirectionofthecarhorndecreasesoverlap,attitudeAngleofsteeringbodyworkcornering,improvesthelateralstabilitycar.
4.1controlgoals
ThatcarinturntobasickeepPianJiaozerogravitysidecar.Socangreatlyimprovethecartothesteeringwheelinputdynamicresponsecharacteristics,largelyimprovedyaw-rateandlateralaccelerationoftransientperformanceindicators,lowerthebodyposturechange.FromthePianJiaozerotargetstart.Accordingtocertaincontrolprogramistorealizetherearwheelstofunctionisderivedbasedfour-wheelsteering.Ofcourse,themodern4wscarsalsohavesomeothercontrolgoalrequest.
4.2controlstrategymodelbased
Thegeneralsituationofthestudiesare4wssystembasedonasimpledofvehiclemodeloflinear.Thisisjustakindofutopianmathematicalmodel,whenmodelingoverlookedinsomeofthedynamicparametersofthecarwithoutconsideringchanges,automobiledrivingproducesintheprocessofmanyoftherandomuncertaintiesandnotveryaccurate.Early4wscontrollerdesignarebasedonlineardynamicequationwiththehypothesis,butduetotheabovereasons,makethedesignofcontrolsystemdoesn'tmeetpracticalneeds,thereisnoguaranteethatthevehiclesteeringcontrolstability.
4.3controlmethod
Differentcarsdrivingperformancerequirementsofsteeringanddifferentmodelsofthecarwheelsdeflection4wslawisnotthesame.Thus,different4wsvehicleUSEScontrolmethodisendlessandsame,variouscontrolmethodhasitsemphasesrespectively.Atpresent,insomemolding4wswithcaronthecontrolmethodbasicallyhas:
(a).Thesetthansimplysteeringsystem4ws.
(b).Thanbefore,rearwheelsteeringfront-wheelcornerfunction4wssystem.
(c).Thanbefore,rearwheelsteeringjspeedfunction4wssystemis.
(d).The4wswithfirst-orderlaggingsystem.
(e).Withreversed-phasecharacteristics4wssystem
(f).Withoptimalcontrolcharacteristicsof4wssystem.
(g).Hassincelearning,whitetheabilitytoadjustthe4wssystem.
Formerfivekindsofcontrolsystembelongtoclassicalcontroltheorycategory,onlytosatisfycarundercertainconditions,butalsocan'tadapttotheneedofmotorsportsofrandomchanges,al