高考语法填空词性转换词复习总结.docx
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高考语法填空词性转换词复习总结
2015-2019高考语法填空词性转换总结
▲ 2019 年
2019全国I 卷
Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen 62 (poor)studied.
InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa 66 (believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.
2019全国II卷
Heryearsofhardworkhave 63 (final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.
Wearesoproudofher.It’s 70 (wonder).
2019全国III卷
Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting 66 (compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany 67 (tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere 68 (huge)popularwithtourists.
2019浙江
Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan 60 (easy)seethem.
OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno 64 (connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.
Schooluniformsare 65 (tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.
2019北京
Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand 10 (meaning)collegeexperience. ▲ 2018 年
2018全国I 卷
Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto 68 (strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways 69 (energy).
2018全国II卷
Atasteformeatis 63 (actual)behindthechange:
Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.
Thisswitchhasdecreased 66 (pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.
AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal 67 (globe)fertilizerconsumption.
2018全国III卷
MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma 66 (science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.
2018浙江卷
Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe 62 (afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.
Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein 64 (weigh)problems. ▲ 2017 年
2017全国I卷
Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack (吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be 69 (care)nottogotoextremes.
2017全国II卷
Steamengines wereused topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen 66 (fair) unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.
Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe 69 (introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost 70 (success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.
2017全国III卷
Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher 66 (educate).
Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling. Itis 70 (certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.
2017浙江卷
Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda 57 (shine)object.
▲ 2016 年
2016全国I卷
Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop 61 (attract).
Thetitlewillbe 63 (official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.
2016全国II卷
Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别) thoseof greaterandlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof 42 (achieve).
Recent studies showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks 47 (regular).
2016全国III卷
Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich 46 (gradual) turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius, wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C. influencedthe 48 (develop) ofchopsticks.
▲ 2015 年
2015全国I卷
Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit 69 (regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople livinginShanghaiandHongKong.
2015全国II卷
Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir 63 (able)to“aircondition” ahousewithout usingelectricequipment.
Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat 65 (slow)duringcoolnights.
As 69 (nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly howthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays. 答案▲ 2019 年2019全国I 卷62.poorly 66.belief2019全国II卷63.finally 70.wonderful2019全国III卷66.competition 67.traditional 68.hugely2019浙江60. easily64. connection/ connections 65. traditional2019北京10.meaningful
▲ 2018 年2018全国I 卷68.strengthen 69.energetic2018全国II卷63.actually 66.pollution 67.global2018全国III卷66.scientist2018浙江卷62.affordable 64.weight
▲ 2017 年2017全国I卷69.careful2017全国II卷66.fairly 69.introduction 70.successful2017全国III卷66.education 70.certainly2017浙江卷57.shiny/shining
▲ 2016 年2016全国I卷61.attraction 63.officially 2016全国II卷42.achievement 47.regularly 2016全国III卷46.gradually 48.development
▲ 2015 年2015全国I卷69.regularly2015全国II卷63.ability 65.slowly 69.natural
二、近五年考点分类总结
1.形容词→ 副词
poor—poorly;final—finally;huge—hugely;easy—easily;actual—actually;fair—fairly;certain—certainly;official—officially;regular—regularly;gradual—gradually;slow—slowly
2.动词 → 名词
believe—belief;compete—competition;connect—connection;pollute—pollution;weigh—weight;introduce—introduction;educate—education;attract—attraction;achieve— achievement;develop—development
3.名词 → 形容词
wonder—wonderful;tradition—traditional;meaning—meaningful;globe—global;success—successful;care—careful;nature—natural;energy—energetic
4.动词 → 形容词
afford—affordable
shine—shiny/shining;
5.形容词 → 名词
able—ability
6.名词 → 动词
strength—strengthen
7.名词 → 名词(人)
science—scientist
三、常见前缀后缀盘点
前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性;后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。
01
后缀
副词后缀
副词后缀 -ly:
absolutely,completely,exactly,extremely,frequently,obviously,particularly,similarly,suddenly
形容词后缀
-able/-ible:
reasonable,flexible,reliable,valuable,accessible,considerable
-ive:
effective,sensitive,attractive,impressive
-al/-ial:
practical, beneficial,financial,facial,mental,personal
-ate:
considerate,fortunate
-ful:
powerful,successful,wonderful,fearful,respectful,skillful,thoughtful,shameful
-ly:
likely,lively,lonely,deadly,elderly,hourly,yearly, daily
-ent:
confident,convenient,independent,different,violent
-less:
countless,homeless,useless,breathless,effortless,selfless
-y:
guilty,healthy,hungry,sleepy,tasty,thirsty,wealthy,worthy,dusty
-ic:
energetic,scientific,fantastic
-ary/-ory:
contradictory,documentary,imaginary
-ous:
obvious,various,adventurous,ambitious,courageous,disastrous,mountainous
名词后缀
-ity/-ty/-y:
curiosity,responsibility,safety,security,similarity,necessity
-ance/-ence:
appearance,performance,acceptance,confidence,preference,significance
-sion/-tion:
contribution,decision,impression,admission,concentration,discussion,donation
-th:
strength,depth,growth,length,warmth,width
-ment:
achievement,treatment,amusement,arrangement,excitement,improvement
-ure/-ture/-ature:
failure,pressure,exposure,mixture,signature
-ing:
building,suffering,understanding,warning
-al:
approval,arrival,survival
-cy:
accuracy,fluency,frequency,privacy
-ness:
awareness,coldness,weakness
动词后缀
-ate:
concentrate,accelerate,advocate,regulate
-(e)n:
broaden,fasten,frighten,sharpen,strengthen,darken,deepen,harden,lengthen
-(i)fy:
satisfy,clarify,classify,identify,qualify,simplify,terrify
-ize/ -ise:
apologize,organize,realize,recognize
名词后缀(人)
-ar/-er/-or:
conductor,director,engineer,beggar,employer,instructor,interviewer,lawyer,liar
-ist:
artist,novelist,specialist,tourist,pianist, scientist,violinist
-ant :
accountant,assistant,servant
02
前缀
anti- 反对,对抗;相反;防(止):
anti-aging,anti-anxiety,anti-virus,antifreeze
dis- 不,否定,相反:
disadvantage,discourage,dishonest,dislike,disorder
il-/im-/in-/ir- 不,非,无:
illegal,impatient,impossible,inexpensive,immoral,inconvenient,irregular
mis- 错误的;坏的;不,相反:
misfortune,misunderstand,mislead,mistrust
non- 无,不,非:
nonprofit,nonsense,nonsmoking,nonstop,non-recycling
un- 不;表示相反的动作:
unable,unexpected,unfortunate,unusual,unfair,unforgettable,unnecessary
co- 和……一起,共同:
cooperate,co-discover,co-renter,co-worker
en- 使处于……状态,使具有……特性;围住:
enable,encourage,enjoy,endanger,enlarge,enrich,ensure
extra- 在……之外,超出;非常,格外:
extraordinary, extra-large,extra-strong
inter- 在……之间,相互:
interrupt,interview, interaction,international,Internet,interval
micro- 极小的,微小的:
microbiology,microphone,microscope,microwave
mini- (同类中)特小的,微型的:
minibus,minicomputer,miniskirt
multi- 多于一的,多的:
multimedia,multinational,multitask
pre- 在……之前,预先:
predict, prejudice,prepaid,preview
re- 再,重新:
remind,remove,replace,return,review,react,reaction
tele- 远 (距离)的;电视的;使用电话的:
telephone,telescope,television,telesales
trans- 横穿,横贯;表示变化:
transform,translate,transport,transportation,transplan