论英语典故与习语的来源与翻译论文4文档格式.docx

论英语典故与习语的来源与翻译论文4文档格式.docx

《论英语典故与习语的来源与翻译论文4文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《论英语典故与习语的来源与翻译论文4文档格式.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Englishallusionandidiom;

translation;

origin;

approaches

摘要

习语和典故是语言不可缺少的一部分,是语言文化的淀积。

本文重点讨论英语典故与习语的来源以及如何把英语习语翻译成中文。

虽然英语习语的形式简单生动,但是它的来源却很广泛。

正是由于这些因素，导致了人们对英语习语理解上的困难。

本文试图通过阐述英语习语的来源来讨论他正确的翻译方法，那就是翻译者必须尽力传达英语习语的字面意思,保留其隐喻性形象和内涵意义。

本文旨在帮助人们正确理解和翻译英语习语。

关键词：

英语典故与习语；

翻译；

来源；

方法

1.Introduction

Languageisacarrierofculture,allusionandidiomplayimportantrolesinlanguageandasaspecificformoflanguage,idiomsarehabituallyusedbypeople.Idiomscontainabundantinformationofcultureandtheycanreflectculture.Theyareformedthroughalongtime,andhavetheiruniquestyleandimpliedmeaning.Duetothesecharacteristics,it’shardforustounderstandthem.InordertounderstandEnglishidiomsthoroughlyandusethemcorrectly,wehavetoknowtheiroriginsandfeatures.

IfwewanttohavearightideaofEnglishidioms,whatweshoulddoatfirstistograspwhatEnglishidiomsare.Therefore,thethesisgivesthedefinitionoftheEnglishidiomsandtheircommonfeatures,suchasstructuralfeatureandsemanticfeature.Then,sincetherearemanysourcesofEnglishallusionandidiom,thepaperlistsfourmainorigins,dailylife,Bible,mythsandtales,livingenvironmentandliteraryworks.Fromthesefoursources,manyallusionsareformed.Soallusionsaresomethingtypicalfromkindsofaspectsinourlife,theyfurtherdevelopintolinguisticidiomsgradually.ThepaperstudiesmanyEnglishidiomsfromfouroriginsofallusionswhicharegoodforunderstanding.Besides,basedontheoriginsofEnglishidioms,thepapercomesupwithsomeapproachesandadviceofEnglishidiomstranslation,forexample,equalreplacementtranslation,freetranslationandsoon.WeshoulduseliteraltranslationasfaraspossibleandkeeptheoriginalandnationalculturecharacteristicsofEnglishidioms.ThesuccessfultranslationofEnglishidiomsshouldcombinedifferentmethodsreasonablyandrespecttheiroriginalculture.

2.TheResearchBackground

BasedonthestudyofEnglishallusionandidiom,culturalfactorsinfiltratedidiomtranslation.Manyscholarsandprofessorshavemadeeffortsonthestudyofidiomtranslation.Therearemainlythreedirections.First,manyscholarshaveconductedthestudyonthemethodsofidiomtranslationwithlittleconcernaboutthedifferencesofcultures.Second,somestudiesonlyfocusontheculturalfactorsofidiomtranslation.Third,somescholarsinspectandanalyzeidiomsonlyfromonespecificaspectofculture.ThispaperbasedontheoriginsandfeaturestofindsomesuitablewaystotranslatetheEnglishidioms.

2.1ResearchesofEnglishAllusionsandIdiomsinWesternCountries

ShokoohandMohammad（2012）usedfourstrategiesfortranslatingidioms,suchasusinganidiomofsimilarmeaningandform,usinganidiomofsimilarmeaningbutdissimilarform,translationbyparaphrase,andtranslationbyomission.Theywantedtofindoutwhichstrategywasthemostfrequentlyusedstrategyandwhethertherewereanysignificantdifferencesamongtheusingofthesestrategies.Conductingadescriptivestatisticalanalysis,ithasbeen...concludedthat“paraphrase”and“usinganidiomofsimilarmeaningandform”werethemostandtheleastcommonstrategiesrespectively.Onthebasisofthefindingsofthisresearch,itisrecommendedthat,inadditionofhavingenoughknowledgeintermsofthetheoreticaltranslationissuesandthetranslationstrategiessuggestedbydifferentscholars,atranslatorshouldhaveagoodcommandoftheidiomaticexpressions.

Idiomsarethegemsofalanguage,saidChenLinli（2010）,translatingidiomsisnotaneasytaskbecausenotallEnglishidiomshaveequivalentsinChineseidiomsduetolinguistic,especiallyculturaldifferences.HeindicatesthattherearesixtranslationtacticsintranslatingEnglishidiomsintoChinese:

literaltranslation,freetranslation,compensatorytranslation,explanationaltranslation,borrowing,integratedapproach.Obviously,areasonablechoiceandthequalityoftranslationaredecidedbythetranslator’sculturalawarenessandcreativity.

AccordingtoMichael（2006）,Englishidiomscommonlyappeartoexhibitrelativelyfixedprosodicpatterns,anddeparturefromtheexpectedprosodicpatterncangiverisetohumorousandbizarreeffects.Asidiomsaregenerallysupposedtorequirephrasalentriesinthementallexicon,thereissomeinitialplausibilityintheproposalthatsuchentriesmightincludearbitraryprosodicoraccentualproperties.Variouscategoriesofidiomcanbedistinguished,accordingtowhichaspectsoftheprosodicpatternseemtobefixed,andtherelationshipthepatternbearstothosewhichwouldbeexpectedoncorrespondingliteralexpressions.

2.2ResearchesofEnglishAllusionsandIdiomsinChina

Theidiomisfixedsentencesorphrases,whichiswidelyusedbypeopleinoral,soasaspecialformoflanguage,ithasdifferentcharacteristicsfromthegeneralformofwords,suchasnationality,folkandfigurativeness,LiXin（2013）said.ThistopicwasalsotalkedboutbyShenGang（2012）,herepresentstheunityofsemanticandthestabilityofstructuraloftheEnglishidioms.

ZhouJun（2015）saidthatlanguageisacarrierofculture,EnglishidiomsreflectstheculturalcharacteristicsoftheAngloAmericancountriesintheprocessofformation.Forexample,Americanhegemonism,inclusiveculture,richreligiousvaluesandAmericandreamandsoon.ThefundamentalstrategyoftheUnitedStatestodealwiththeweakercountriesishegemonism.TheUnitedStatesisauniqueimmigrantcountry,anditsculturepresentsdiversity,openandcontainment. 

ItwasbecausethatAmericareceivedreligiouscultureandcustomsfromotherregionssuchasEurope,Africa,AsiaandLatinAmerica,throughalongtimemelting,itcreateditsownunique“newculture”.TherearealotofidiomsfromtheloanwordsinEnglish,like“tofu”,whichisliteraltranslationtotranslateChinesefood.Besides,inthemindsofAmericans,everyoneisfreeandhasequalopportunity,nomatterhowpoorapersonis,howlowsocialstatusthepersonhas,aslongasyouworkhard,thereisalwaysadaywillachievetheirambitions,evenaspresident.

TheoriginsofEnglishidiomarevarious,ShenDonghuan（2012）classifieditsoriginsfromhistoricalperspective,mythologicalperspective,religiousperspective,lifeperspectiveandliteralperspective.Andinhistoricalperspective,shefurtherclassifiedthatEnglishidiomsinfluencedbyRomanconquest,NormaninvasionandEnglishCivilWar.SosheemphasizedthatEnglishidiomsrelatedtocertainhistoricaleventsorfiguresusuallyhaveextendedmeaningfarbeyondtheiroriginalones,whicharemarkedbythetracesofhistory.Fromthemythologicalperspective,Englishidiomscamefromtwosources,oneisGreekandRomanmythologies,andtheotherisAesop’sfables.FromalltheabovetracecomeEnglishidiomsintermsofculture,shesaidthatthecharmofEnglishidiomissogreatthatitisimpossibletolearnEnglishwithoutadeepunderstandingofitshiddenmeaning.ThevariousoriginsoftheEnglishidiomcontributetoitsabundance.

InthelearningofEnglishidioms,themostimportantistranslation.JiangRuyan（2005）listedtwotypicalmistranslationsaccordingtoherteachingexperience,thefirsttypeiswordbywordtranslation,andthesecondtypeishavingwordstooliterally.DongYingwu（2012）gaveasuggestionaboutthetranslationofEnglishidiomsthattranslatorsshouldhaveagoodknowledgeofculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseidioms,suchasthedifferencesinnaturalenvironments,incustoms,inreligiousbeliefsandsoon.

InordertotranslateEnglishidiomscorrectly,SuTianlan（2012）cameupwiththreeprinciples:

first,thetranslationshouldgiveacompleteideasoftheoriginalwords,second, 

thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeconsistentwiththeoriginalwords,third,thetranslationshouldbeassmoothastheoriginalwords.What’smore,WangQian（2014）putforwardsomemethodsoftranslationaccordingtothecharacteristicsandoriginsofEnglishidioms,forinstance,equalreplacementtranslation,freetranslationandliteraltranslation.

3.TheDefinitionandFeaturesofEnglishidioms

IntheOxfordAdvancedLearner'

sDictionary（Huo,1989）,idiomisexplainedas"

phraseorsentencewhosemeaningisnotobviousthroughknowledgeoftheindividualmeaningoftheconstituentwords,butwhichmustbelearntasawhole”.AnEnglishidiom,whichisasentenceorphrase,usuallyisofaspecialmeaningdifferentfromthemeaningofitsconstituentwords.Idiomsareusuallysemanticallydifficulttounderstand.Therefore,themeaningofanidiomcannotbedefinedonlyfromtheliteralmeaningoftheconstituentwords.IfwewanttounderstandthemeaningoftheEnglishidiomsexactly,weshouldhaveagoodknowledgeofthefeaturesofthem.Ingeneral,Englishidiomscontaintwofeaturesmainly:

structuralfeatureandsemanticfeature.

3.1TheDefinitionofEnglishIdioms

AnEnglishidiom,which