非谓语动词作状语.docx
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非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
1)作目的状语:
有三种形式,可互换:
todo,inordertodo,soastodo(不用于句首)
e.g.Weeattolive,butwedon’tlivetoeat.
Westartedearly(inorder/soas)toavoidbeinglate.我们一早动身,免得迟到。
(Inorder)nottowasteelectricity,weturnedthelightoff.
Checkyourcompositioncarefullysoastoavoidmistakes.(soasto只能置于主句之后)
【Exercises】
1.—Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?
—Yes.But____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.【2008北京】
A.tofindB.findC.tobefindingD.finding
2.______thiscake,you'llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.【2006广东卷】
A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making
2)作原因状语:
不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。
如:
happy,sorry,glad,sad,surprised,disappointed…不定式不放在句首。
e.g.:
Iamsorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.
Wearegreatlydelightedtohaveanativeasourguide.
有一个本地人做向导,我们真是太高兴了。
【Exercises】
1.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.【2008北京卷】
A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed
3)作结果状语:
不定式作结果状语通常表意外的结果。
e.g.Iopenedthedoortofindtheroomempty.我打开门,结果发现房间是空的。
【attention】:
①.动词不定式前可以加上only,更加强调‘意外,想不到’。
还可加never,表示‘没有再…’
e.g.Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.
他匆忙到了车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。
Theyparted,nevertoseeeachotheragain.他们分手了,从此没有再见面。
②.动词不定式作结果状语的其他几种方式:
so+adj./adv.+asto,such+n.+asto,
too…to,enoughto等。
e.g.Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?
Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.________________________________
Heworkedhardonlytofail._______________________________________
他匆匆忙忙的跑到车站,结果却发现火车已经走了。
_______________________________________________________________
2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.06陕西卷)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told
注意:
不定式做结果状语的固定搭配
①?
?
?
so…asto…
Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?
I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.
Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.
Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.
2、分词(现在分词、过去分词)可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语,就不作目的状语。
注:
表示时间、条件或让步的分词,有时可带上连词(if,unless,when,while,once(一旦)though,although)
1)现在分词作状语:
e.g.①.(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.【作时间状语】
Hearingthenews,theyalldancedforjoy.听到这个消息,他们都高兴得跳起舞来。
②.BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.作为一个团员,他总是乐于助人。
Beingstudents,wemuststudyhard.【作原因状语】
③.Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.【作伴随状语】
Shewrotehimafriendlyletter,thankinghimforhishelp.
他写了一封友好的信给他,感谢他的帮助。
④.Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.【作条件状语】
⑤.Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces【作结果状语】
Hisparentsdiedlastyear,leavinghimanorphan.
他的父母亲去年死了,使他成为了一个孤儿。
⑥.Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.【作让步状语】
Feelingtired,hewentonrunning.尽管感觉累,他还是继续跑。
2)过去分词作状语:
e.g.①.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.【作时间状语】
AcceptedbytheParty,hedecidedtodevotehislifetothecauseoftheParty.
从被党接受的那一刻起,他决定要把他的一生致力于党的事业。
②.Deeplymovedbythestory,theexcitedpeoplestoppedquarrellingwitheachother.
Encouragedbythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.
受到演讲的激励,年轻人下定决心开始进行斗争。
【作原因状语】
③.Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.【作伴随状语】
④.Givenanotherchance,hewilldobetter.【作条件状语】
⑤.Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.
虽然受伤了,但这名勇敢的战士还继续作战。
【作让步状语】
【Summary】:
分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系,用doing表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动作,用having?
done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。
如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系,则用done强调在谓语动词之前发生的动作,也可用having?
been?
done.?
【attention】:
①.不定式与现在分词引导结果状语的区别:
e.g.1.?
Hegothometolearnthathisfatherwasill.
2.Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
3.Irantotheschool,onlytobeinformedthatIwasn'tadmittedbyBeijingUniversity.
我跑到学校,却被告知我没有被北大所录取。
4.?
?
?
Itrainedheavily,causingsevereflooding.
雨下得很大,导致了非常严重的涝灾。
5.?
?
?
Hecutofftheelectricityquickly,preventinganaccident.
他快速地切断了电,避免了一场事故。
【summary】:
不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果,前可加only作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果,是意料中的结果。
分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby(因而、因此)。
(only)todo→出乎意料干某事
(thus/thereby)doing→顺理成章干某事
②.英语中有些形容词化的过去分词(短语),常省略be动词,在句中作状语。
常见的有:
belostin,befacedwith,belocatedin,bedressedin,betiredof等等。
e.g.Facedwithsomanyproblems,hefeltdepressed.
LocatedinthecentreofLonghui,NO.1MiddleSchoolofLHisthebestschoolinthetown.
③.有时“with(without)?
+?
名词(或代词宾语)?
+?
分词”的结构,表示伴随状况。
e.g.Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.
Withsomuchworkfillingmymind,Ialmostbreakdown.
【Exercises】
(1)__________inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.【2005湖南】
A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed
(2)_____andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.【2006全国Ⅰ】
A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprising
(3)______withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.【2006四川卷】
A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface
(4).When_______help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”【2005福建】
A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered
(5).Atheendof2002,therewerearound3,000foreignprintingcompaniesinChina,__uparound2
percentofnationaltotal.
A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.havingmade
(6).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,__itthemostpopularsportsintheworld.
A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake
(7).Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
(8).Withalotofdifficultproblems______,theydecidedtotakeafewdaysoff.
A.settlingB.tosettleC.beingsettledD.settled
(9).Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise______.【05北京】
A.goingonB.doesonC.wentonD.togoon
(10).Withallthethingshe_______,hewenthomeatonce.
A.neededbuyB.neededbought
C.neededbuyingD.needbuy
(11).Facedwithabillfor$10,000,________.【06陕西卷】
A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenjohnanextrajob
C.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn
(12).Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,________.【2004上海】
A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsed
C.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists
(13).InordertoimproveEnglish,.【2001上海】
A.Jenny’sfatherboughtheralotoftapesB.Jennyboughtalotoftapesforherself
C.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJennyD.alotoftapeswereboughtbyJenny’sfather
(13).Pressedfromhisparents,and_________thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.【12福建卷】
A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized
(14).________animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.
A.BasedB.BasingC.BaseD.Tobase【12江苏】
(15).WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.【全国卷】
A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,分词前必须加上自己的主语,此结构被称为独立主格结构。
如:
Nobodytocometomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.
Somanypeopletohelphim,heissuretosucceed.
Sheranuptome,herhairflyinginthewind.
Allthetickets_________(sellout),theywentawaydisappointedly.
Time______(permit),we'lldoanothertwoexercises.
There_____(be)nobus,wehadtowalkhome.
Hishands____(tie)bythepoliceman,hisfacewentpalewithfear.
1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_______inayear.
A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed
2.Allthings_______,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoGeorge.
A.consideredB.consideringC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered
3.Theriver_______inthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.
A.toriseB.roseC.havingrisenD.beingrisen
4.Moretime_______,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.
A.togiveB.giveC.beinggivenD.given
5.Weshallplaythematchtomorrow,weather_______.
A.permitsB.permittingC.topermit?
D.permitted
6.Themonitor_______ill,we’dbetterputthemeetingoff.
A.beingB.tobeC.beenD.tohavebeen
7.Animportantlecture_______giventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.
A.tobeB.beingC.beenD.tohavebeen
8.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishands_______underhishead.
A.tocrossB.crossedC.crossingD.tobecrossing
9.Tom_______lateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.
A.havingbeen?
B.beenC.tobeD.tobeing
10.Otherthings_______equal,Iwouldbuytheblackdressnotthewhiteone.
A.beingB.tobeC.beenD.havingbeen
注意:
有些短语的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致,他们在句子中作独立成分
Totellyouthetruth/Tobefrank,Idon'tlikethewayhetalked.
★必背:
用作独立成分的不定式
totellyouthetruth/tobefrank/tobehonest/tobegin/startwith/tobebrief简言之tomakealongstoryshort长话短说tobeexact精确地说/tomakemattersworse/tosaynothingof姑且不说toconclude/tobesure诚然,固然rankly/strictly/roughly/exactlyspeaking,generallyspeaking,judgingfrom...,considering...,talkingof...,supposing...providing,seeingthat(考虑到),allowingfor(把…考虑到内),given,provided
Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.
_________________________________________________________________
告诉你实话吧,我不同意你的建议。
________________________________________________________________
令事情更加糟糕的事,我的钱包又丢了。
_________________________________________________________
考虑到距离,他快速动身了。
_______________________________________________________
非谓语作状语总结
非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态,或事情发生的原因,结果,时间,条件等。
注意,作目的状语只能是_不定式,也可用inorderto/soasto+动词