国际商务课后习题参考答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Chapter1:

Globalization

1.Describetheshiftsintheworldeconomyoverthelast30years.WhataretheimplicationsoftheseshiftsforinternationalbusinessesbasedinGreatBritainNorthAmericaHongKong

Answer:

Theworldeconomyhasshifteddramaticallyoverthepast30years.Aslateasthe1960s,fourstylizedfactsdescribedthedemographicsoftheglobaleconomy.Thefirstwas.dominanceintheworldeconomyandworldtrade.Thesecondwas.dominanceintheworldforeigndirectinvestmentpicture.Relatedtothis,thethirdfactwasthedominanceoflarge,multinational.firmsintheinternationalbusinessscene.Thefourthwasthatroughlyhalfoftheglobe-thecentrallyplannedeconomiesoftheCommunistworld-wasoff-limitstoWesterninternationalbusinesses.Allofthesedemographicfactshavechanged.Althoughthe.remainstheworld'

sdominanteconomicpower,itsshareofworldoutputandworldexportshavedeclinedsignificantlysincethe1960s.Thistrenddoesnotreflecttroubleinthe.economy,butratherreflectsthegrowingindustrializationofdevelopingcountriessuchasChina,India,Indonesia,andSouthKorea.Thistrendisalsoreflectedintheworldforeigndirectinvestmentpicture.AsdepictedinFigureinthetextbook,theshareofworldoutput（orthestockofforeigndirectinvestment）generatedbydevelopingcountrieshasbeenonasteadyincreasesincethe1960s,whiletheshareofworldoutputgeneratedbyrichindustrialcountrieshasbeenonasteadydecline.Shiftsintheworldeconomycanalsobeseenthroughtheshiftingpowerofmultinationalenterprises.Sincethe1960s,therehavebeentwonotabletrendsinthedemographicsofthemultinationalenterprise.Thefirsthasbeentheriseof.multinationals,particularlyJapanesemultinationals.Thesecondhasbeentheemergenceofagrowingnumberofsmallandmedium-sizedmultinationals,calledmini-multinationals.ThefallofCommunisminEasternEuropeandtherepublicsoftheformerSovietUnionhavebroughtaboutthefinalshiftintheworldeconomy.ManyoftheformerCommunistnationsofEuropeandAsiaseemtoshareacommitmenttodemocraticpoliticsandfreemarketeconomies.SimilardevelopmentsarebeingobservedinLatinAmerica.Ifthesetrendscontinue,theopportunitiesforinternationalbusinessmaybeenormous.TheimplicationsoftheseshiftsaresimilarforNorthAmericaandBritain.TheUnitedStatesandBritainoncehadtheluxuryofbeingthedominantplayersintheworldarena,withlittlesubstantivecompetitionfromthedevelopingnationsoftheworld.Thathaschanged.Today,.andBritishmanufacturersmustcompetewithcompetitorsfromacrosstheworldtowinorders.ThechangingdemographicsoftheworldeconomyfavoracitylikeHongKong.HongKong（whichisnowunderChineserule）iswelllocatedwitheasyaccesstomarketsinJapan,SouthKorea,Indonesia,andotherAsianmarkets.HongKonghasavibrantlaborforcethatcancompeteonparwiththeindustrializednationsoftheworld.Thedeclineintheinfluenceofthe.andBritainontheglobaleconomyprovidesopportunitiesforcompaniesinHongKongtoaggressivelypursueexportmarkets.

2."

Thestudyofinternationalbusinessisfineifyouaregoingtoworkinalargemultinationalenterprise,butithasnorelevanceforindividualswhoaregoingtoworkinsmallerfirms."

Evaluatethisstatement.

Peoplewhobelieveinthisview,andthefirmsthattheyworkfor,mayfindthattheydonotachievetheirfullpotential（atbest）andmayultimatelyfailbecauseoftheirmyopia.Asbarrierstotradedecreaseandstateofthearttechnologicaldevelopmentstakeplacethroughouttheworld,newopportunitiesandthreatsexistonaworldwidebasis.Theriseofthemini-multinationalssuggeststhereareglobalopportunitiesevenforsmallfirms.Butstayingattunedtointernationalmarketsisnotonlyimportantfromtheperspectiveofseekingprofitableopportunitiesforsmallfirms;

itcanalsobecriticalforlong-termcompetitivesurvival.Firmsfromothercountriesmaybedevelopingproductsthat,ifsoldinternationally,maywipeoutsmalldomesticcompetitors.Scanninginternationalmarketsforthebestsuppliersisalsoimportantforsmallfirms,forifadomesticcompetitorisabletotapintoasuperiorsupplierfromaforeigncountry,itmaybeabletoseriouslyerodeasmallfirm'

scompetitivepositionbeforethesmallfirmunderstandsthesourceofitscompetitor'

scompetitiveadvantageandcantakeappropriatecounteractions.

3.HowhavechangesintechnologycontributedtotheglobalizationofmarketsandofproductionWouldtheglobalizationofproductionandmarketshavebeenpossiblewithoutthesetechnologicalchanges

Changesintechnologyhavecontributedtotheglobalizationofmarketsandofproductioninaverysubstantivemanner.Forinstance,improvementsintransportationtechnologyhavepavedthewayforcompanieslikeCoca-Cola,LeviStrauss,SonyandMcDonaldstomaketheirproductsavailableworldwide.Similarly,improvementsincommunicationstechnologyhavehadamajorimpact.Theabilitytonegotiateacrosscontinentshasbeenfacilitatedbyimprovedcommunicationstechnology,andtherapidlydecreasingcostofcommunicationshasloweredtheexpenseofcoordinatingandcontrollingaglobalcorporation.Finally,theimpactofinformationtechnologyhasbeenfarreaching.CompaniescannowgainworldwideexposuresimplybysettingupahomepageontheInternet.Thistechnologywasnotavailablejustafewshortyearsago.Theglobalizationofproductionandmarketsmayhavebeenpossiblewithoutimprovementsintechnology,butthepaceofglobalizationwouldhavebeenmuchslower.Thefallingcostoftechnologyhasmadeitaffordableformanydevelopingnations,whichhasbeeninstrumentalinhelpingthesenationsimprovetheirshareofworldoutputandworldexports.Theinclusionofthesenations,suchasChina,India,Thailand,andSouthKorea,hasbeeninstrumentalintheglobalizationofmarketsandproduction.Inaddition,improvementsinglobaltransportationandcommunicationhavemadeitrelativelyeasyforbusinessexecutivesfromdifferentcountriestoconversewithoneanother.Iftheseformsoftechnology,includingair-travel,faxcapability,e-mail,andovernightdeliveryofpackageswerenotavailable,itwouldbemuchmoredifficultforbusinessestoconductinternationaltrade.

4."

Ultimately,thestudyofinternationalbusinessisnodifferentfromthestudyofdomesticbusiness.Thus,thereisnopointinhavingaseparatecourseoninternationalbusiness."

Thisstatementreflectsapoorunderstandingoftheuniquechallengesinvolvedininternationalbusiness.Managinganinternationalbusinessisdifferentfrommanagingapurelydomesticbusinessforatleastfourreasons.Theseare:

（1）countriesaredifferent;

（2）therangeofproblemsconfrontedbyamanagerinaninternationalbusinessiswiderandtheproblemsthemselvesmorecomplexthanthoseconfrontedbyamanagerinadomesticbusiness;

（3）aninternationalbusinessmustfindwaystoworkwithinthelimitsimposedbygovernmentinterventionintheinternationaltradeandinvestmentsystem;

and（4）internationaltransactionsinvolveconvertingmoneyintodifferentcurrencies.Asaresultofthesedifferences,thereareamplereasonsforstudyinginternationalbusinessasaspecificfieldofstudyordiscipline.

5.HowmighttheInternetandtheassociatedWorldWideWebimpactinternationalbusinessactivityandtheglobalizationoftheworldeconomy

Accordingtothetext,theInternetandWorldWideWeb（WWW）promisetodevelopintotheinformationbackgroundoftomorrow'

sglobaleconomy.Thisimprovedtechnologywillnotonlymakeiteasierforindividualsandcompaniesindifferentcountriestoconductbusinesswithoneanother,butwillalsofurtherdecreasethecostofcommunications.Theseimprovementswillundoubtedlyhastenthealreadyrapidpaceofglobalization.AnotherdistinctattributeoftheInternetandtheWWWisthattheyactasanequalizerbetweenlarge（resourcerich）andsmall（resourcepoor）firms.Forinstance,itdoesnotcostanymoreforasmallsoftwarefirmtogainvisibilityviatheWWWthanitdoesforalargesoftwarecompanylikeMicrosoft.Asaresult,theWWWhelpssmallcompaniesreachthesizeofaudiencethatwaspreviouslyonlywithinthereachoflarge,resourcerichfirms.

6.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,Chinamayemergeastheworld'

slargesteconomyby2020.Discussthepossibleimplicationsofsuchadevelopmentfor

（1）Theworldtradingsystem.

（2）Theworldmonetarysystem.（3）Thebusinessstrategyoftoday'

sEuropeanand.basedglobalcorporations.

（4）Globalcommodityprices.

Theworldtradingsystemwouldclearlybeaffectedbysuchadevelopment.CurrentlyChinaenjoysasomewhatprivilegedstatuswithintheWorldTradeOrganizationasa“developing”country.Sucharisetoeminence,however,wouldclearlyforceittobecomeafullandequalmember,withalltherightsandresponsibilities.Chinawouldalsobeinapositiontoactivelyaffectthetermsoftradebetweenmanycountries.Onthemonetaryfront,onewouldexpectthatChinawouldhavetohavefullyconvertibleandtradingcurrency,anditcouldbecomeoneofthe“benchmark”currenciesoftheworld.FromtheperspectiveofWesternglobalfirms,Chinawouldrepresentbothahugemarket,andpotentiallythehomebaseofsomeverycapablecompetitors.Finally,commoditypriceswouldprobablyfall.

7.ReadtheCountryFocusinthischapterontheEcuadorianroseindustry,theanswerthefollowingquestions:

a）Howhasparticipationintheinternationalrosetra