a四课件.docx
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a四课件
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听力
第一课时
一、托福听力基本介绍
托福听力部分考试时间：
约30分钟题与题之间间隔：
12秒钟三大部分PartA:
ShortConversationsPartB:
ExtendedConversationsPartC:
Talks/Lectures
二、听力中存在的问题及解决方案
1、语音：
（1）单词不同词性的发音e.g.allergic/allergymethod/methodology/methodologically
（2）英美式发音的差异e.g.a:
—classgrassplantr—cartfocuscampusidea
2、语气语调：
e.g.A:
Ithasbeenayearsinceyourlastannualcheckup.Haveyouhadanyhealthproblems?
B:
Nonetospeakof!
B:
Notthatloosetome!
A:
Somethingjusthitthewindow.B:
What?
3、语汇：
（1）偏难词e.g.projector/hostile/eggplant
（2）特色词e.g.court/down/film/tape/cassette（3）习语/习惯表达A:
习语的发音e.g.outofitB:
信息词、信号词做题法：
e.g.Franklyspeaking,Ithinktheoddsareagainsthimatthispoint.
（4）同义替换表示好：
good/great/excellent/amazingawesome/brilliant/wonderful/gorgeousstriking表示赞同：
Icouldn'tagreewithyoumore.Wellsaid.Yousaidit.Youcansaythatagain.Youbet.
4、语感：
（1）语意meanings
（2）语序structure（3）语境situatione.g.MayIhelpyou,sir?
（4）语感feelingse.g.loser/winner/learnernotyetIdon'tknowwhyIbother?
解决方案：
语音：
跟读模仿语气语调：
跟读模仿语汇：
选择一些针对托福听力的书籍，掌握托福听力中短对话和长对话中的生词语感：
看一些美国影片、电视剧集（如Friends）
三、托福听力考试内容介绍
学生学习：
library/exam/registerforacourse/assignmenthomework/chemlab/lecture/seminar学生生活：
dormitory/roommate/rentahouse/dothelaundryhaircut/travel主线：
校园生活、学生思维、积极向上、善良正义
四、托福真题讲解
1、A:
Ican'tseemtofindmycalculator.DidIlendittoyoubyanychance?
B:
No.Butyouarewelcometousemineifyouneedit,aslongasIgetitbackbyThursday.
外国人借出东西时，通常会设定归还的deadline。
A:
Oh,I'msorry.IjustrealizedthatIforgottobringthetaperecorderyoulentme.Ileftitbackinmydorm.B:
That'sallright.Iwon'tneedituntiltonight.AslongasI'vegotitbythen.
A:
MindifIborrowyourSpanishworkbook?
B:
NotaslongasIhaveitbackintimetotaketoclassthisevening.
2、A:
Wow!
I'vealreadytakenoneofthosepillsformyheadache.Butit'sstillbotheringme.B:
Whynottakeanother?
Therecommendeddoseisoneortwodependingonbaditis.
药量不够，加大药量药效过于强烈，减小药量体质对药不敏感，要坚持服用一段时间该药，观察疗效
A:
DoctorSmith,thisisAnnCrowley.Thosestretchingexercisesyourecommendedarereallyhelpingwithmybackpain.Butthepillsyouprescribed,Ithinkthey'regivingmeaheadache.B:
Uh,it'snotunusual.Let'strycuttingitbacktojustoneaday,allright?
stretchingexercises伸展运动
A:
Doctor,thiscoughmedicinedoesn'tseemtobehelping.Canyougivemeadifferentprescription?
B:
Let'sgiveitanotherdayortwotoseehowyouaredoingthen.
A:
Ican'tbelieveIstillhavethispaininmyback.Thismedicinethedoctorgavemewassupposedtomakemefeelbetterbynow.B:
Maybeyoushouldstarttakingitthreetimesadaylikeyouweretold.
3、A：
Ican'tbelieveit!
AtthebookstoretodayIhadtounload2dozenboxesoftextbooks.Andthere'smoretodotomorrow.B:
Butit'salwaysbusyatthestartofthenewyear,isn'tit?
表示繁忙：
uptoone'sneck/nose/ears/eyebrowsbeoverwhelmedwithbeswampedwithbetiedupin
第二课时
4、A:
Iheardyouarelookingforsomeonetopickupyourmailwhileyouareawayattheconferencenextweek?
B:
Oh,couldyou?
ImeanwhatIsay,IsaywhatImean.
A:
Soyouneedsomeonetowatchyourcatswhileyouareaway?
B:
Willthatbeaproblemforyou?
5、A:
WhatdidyouthinkofthepaintingsthatTedwasshowinglastweek?
B:
Inevermadeittotheexhibit.
makeitto赶上、赶到e.g.Ididn'tmakeittothemeeting.Ididn'tmakeittomyflight.
6、A:
DoyouthinkDr.LubywillleadatheatertriptoBroadwayinNewYorkCityagainthisyear?
B:
Idon'tthinkso.Iknowso!
AndI'vealreadysignedupforit.
7、onsale/discount/goodbargain/gooddeal/goodbuy20%off
8、A:
JustonepersoninthewholeclassgotanAonthetest.You!
B:
Allright!
注意体会语气、语调。
9、A:
Well,Iamneverdoingthisagain!
Sevencoursesinonesemesterisjusttoomuch.Idon'thaveaminutetomyself!
B:
Ihatetosaythis,butItoldyouso.
A:
Gee!
Itsureishardtowakeupintimeforthat8o'clockchemistryclass.Inevershouldhavesignedupforsomethingsoearlyinthemorning.B:
Well,maybenexttimeyou'lllistentome.
B:
WhatdidItellyou?
10、A:
Areyougonnatrysomeofthischocolatepudding?
It'sincredible.B:
Well,tobehonestwithyou,I'veneverbeenabigfanofchocolate.
honestly/tobefrank/frankly/totellyouthetruth
A:
I'dliketomakeanappointmentwiththedoctorfortomorrow.B:
Unfortunatelyheiscompletelybooked.
A:
Professor,haveyougradedmytermpaperyet?
B:
Totellyouthetruth,I'vebeentiedupincommitteemeetingsallweek.
betiedupin陷在某件事情当中
A:
Ithinkourbaseballteamgotagoodchanceofwinningthechampionshipthisyear.B:
What?
Areyoukidding?
Haven'tyouseenthemplayrecently?
委婉拒绝：
I'dloveto,but/Itsoundsgreat,troubleisI'dliketo,howeverinfactasamatteroffact
11、A:
Youonlyhavewatertoserveyourguest?
B:
Thisisn'tjustwater.It'simportedmineralwater.
justThisisnotjustauniversityforme.It'sHarvard.Sheisnotjustagirlforme.Sheismydream.
12、A:
ThislookslikethewaytoSusan'shouse,butIdon'tknow.IwishIhadwrittendownthedirections.B:
Atthisratewe'llbeluckytogetthereintimefordessert.
dessert甜点appetizer开胃品、开胃酒
CanIgiveyouahandwiththosebags?
givesb.ahand帮某人的忙givesb.one'shand答应嫁给某人
Lifeislikeaboxofchocolate.Youneverknowwhatyougonnaget.
peerpressure
13、Excuseme,doyouknowwhattimethetraintoMiddletownleaves?
Excuseme,doyouknowwhenthenexttrainforPhiladelphialeaves?
A:
Iwishwehadbetterstufftoreadforourliteratureclass.Thatnovelsheassignedusissoboring!
B:
Really?
IstartedityesterdayafternoonandIcouldn'tputitdownuntilI'dfinishedit.
Really?
Areyoukidding?
A:
Howdidyouevermanagetogetthroughallonethousandpagesofthatnewspythriller?
B:
Ittookawhile.ButonceIhadstartedit,Icouldn'tputitdown.
while一段时间
A:
Istartedreadingthatbookyouloanedme.ButI'mhavingatoughtimekeepingupwiththemaincharacters.It'shardtorememberthemall.B:
Yeah,Iknow.Thefirstpartisn'teasy.AllIcansayisstaywithit.Onceyougethalfwaythroughyouwon'twanttoputitdown.
loan借给某人haveatough/hardtimedoingsth.做某事很困难havetroubledoingsth.坚持不放弃原则
A:
YouknowTimhasbeenactingreallyfunnylatelyeversincehewonthattennistournamentlastweekandgotphotographedinthelocalpaper.Well,he'skindofchanged,likeit'shardtotalktohimnow.
B:
Yeah,Iknowwhatyoumean.Iguessit'sallgonetohishead.
A:
HaveyounoticedhowJohn'schangedsincehebecamestudentgovernmentpresident?
B:
Ithinkthewholething'sgonetohishead,andheusedtobesosociableandopen.
sociable善于社交的
五、托福段落部分提高方法—精听
1、词汇基础
2、背景知识a、历年来听力中已经考察过的段落部分b、阅读文章c、国外讲课的录音、录像、教科书
3、句型结构4、听写练习听写段落a、不能太长（一分钟左右）b、不能太难c、采用段落部分
步骤a、总听全文a）明确主题b）确定难度b、细听每句
第三课时
c、反复、琢磨d、总结
5、信息定位a、导语加首尾原则b、解释原则c、强调原则d、比较原则e.g.original新鲜的；起先的、最初的
e、转折原则f、因果关系g、建议句型h、举例强调i、重复原则j、数字原则
六、听力实力提高的方法—泛听
1、原则：
随时随地创造条件泛听2、材料选择：
FriendsMoviesa、近期电影（九十年代以后）b、把握好题材生活、法律、政治c、声音的辨别朱丽亚•罗伯茨、梅格•瑞恩、卡梅隆•迪亚兹汤姆•克鲁斯、汤姆•汉克斯《当哈里遇到赛丽》、《美国总统》
CrazyEnglishCNN/VOANewConceptEnglishEnglish900DiscoveryNationalGeographicStepbyStepListentothis
七、用托福听力练口语的方法
1、学托福考托福的目的出国、进外企、建立自信
2、用听力练口语的具体方法和外国人在电话里练口语自己练a、对着镜子练roleplayparaphraseb、录下自己的声音听
词汇
第一课时
托福词汇精选
一、why?
——词汇在托福中的作用
1、阅读能力的提高
2、语法的使用
3、听力词汇
4、作文词汇
二、what?
——托福有哪些词汇？
1677词表；Longman2000
Oxford3000
GSL2283
1677
CET4:
作文和听力基础词汇
CET6：
阅读基础词汇
CET6－TOEFL:
专业的科技名词、较难的动词和形容词
主动词汇：
可以被正确使用的词汇
作文词汇、口语词汇
被动词汇：
可以被正确认知的词汇
听力词汇、阅读词汇
被动词汇
I听力词汇：
从认知到熟练
反复的听
day
dead
deal
dear
death
decide
decision
declare
deep
defeat
defend
defense
II阅读词汇：
在句子中理解、例句
在英文释义中理解、
不要求听懂只要求认识II阅读词汇：
在句子中理解、例句
在英文释义中理解、
不要求听懂只要求认识
hippopotamus
pp
popo
主动词汇
I、口语词汇：
深挖小词：
theticket’speriodofvalidityis3days、
theticketwillbeexpiredin3days、
theticketisgoodfor3days、
dystrophiamalnutritionill-fed
uncultivatedill-bred
discourteousill–manner
II、作文词汇：
词群：
一组有共同目的单词
a）万能理由词群：
efficient\convenient\time-saving\traditional\economical
b）闪光词：
important：
significantessential等
better:
admirablecommendablesuperioreminentoptimal等
great:
magnificentbrilliantremarkabledesirable等
c）闪光人物：
名言
Some people choose friends who are different from themselves、 Others choose friends
who aresimilar to themselves、 Compare the advantages of having
friends who are different from you withthe advantages of having friends who are similar to you、
efficient\convenient\time-saving\traditional\economical
High schools should allow students to study the courses that students want to study、
Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion
efficient\convenient\time-saving\traditional\economical
Some people think governments should spend as much money as possible exploring oute
space （for example, traveling to the Moon and to other planets）、 Other people disagree and thinkgovernments should spend this money for our basic needs on Earth、
efficient\convenient\time-saving\traditional\economical
听
说
阅读
写
一阶
（1677）
√
√
√
√
二阶
（四级）
√
√
√
三阶
√
三、how
———怎么背单词？
1、战略：
制定一个背单词的时间策划
什么时候
背什么单词
背到什么程度
1677–CET4–词根\词缀--词汇书
1677词表：
熟词僻义
watertheflowerairtheroom、airthenews
board
press
读音问题:
presentdesertlead
1－2周
4周
词根词缀：
4周
词汇书：
4周（陌生单词库的准备）
考前一周总复习关注不认识单词
参考书
《Merriam-Webster》韦小宝
《TOEFL词汇词根词缀及联想记忆》俞敏洪
《英文字根字典》刘毅
《21天托福词汇》李笑来
《托福词汇》王玉梅
《托福词汇精选》张红岩
韦氏字典的电子版
金山词
升级会员 