大学英语六级分类模拟题318电子教案Word下载.docx

大学英语六级分类模拟题318电子教案Word下载.docx

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Thesecondargumentismoresubtle.Talentedexecutivesneedmentors（导师）tohelpthemclimbtheladder. 

Maledirectorsmentoryoungmenbutarereluctanttogetfriendlywithyoungwomen,lesttherelationshipbemisinterpreted.Quotaswillbreakthisviciouscyclebyputtinglotsofwomenatthetop,whocanthenoffertheirsistersalegup.

Theremaybesomethinginbotharguments,butinmostrichcountriessexismisnolongerthemainobstacletowomen'

scareers.Childrenare.Mostwomentakecareerbreakstolookafterthem.Manycareforelderlyrelatives,too.Onestudyfoundthattwo-thirdsofAmericanwomenhadatsomepointswitchedfromfull-timeworktopart-timeorflexibletimetobalanceworkandfamily.Suchchoicesmakeitharderforwomentogaintheexperiencenecessarytomakeittotheverytop.

Whatismore,bigcompaniesareincreasinglyglobal.Manywantabosswhohasworkedinmorethanonecountry.Suchforeignpostingsdisruptfamilies;

manywomenturnthemdown.Andmany,anticipatingacareerbreakatsomepointinthefuture,enterfieldswheretheirskillswillnotquicklybecomeoutdated,suchaslaworhumanresources.Somelawyersmakegoodchiefexecutives.Butfirmsoftenwantpeoplewithfinancialoroperationalexperienceforthetopjobs,andthesefieldsarestillmale-dominated.

Quotasaretoobluntatoolforsuchatangledproblem.Thewomencompaniesarecompelledtoputonboardsareunlikelytobeasusefulasthosetheyplacetherevoluntarily.Quotasforcefirmseithertopadtheirboardswithtokennon-executivedirectors,ortoallocaterealpoweronthebasisofsexratherthanmerit. 

Enforcingquotasforwomenhasledtolargenumbersofinexperiencedwomenbeingappointedtoboards,andseriouslydamagedthosefirms'

performance.

1、Whatwillhappentoacompanyifmendominateitsexecutiveboard?

A.Itstalentpoolwilldryoutsooner.

B.Itscompetitivenesswillbeweakened.

C.Itswomenemployeeswillcomplain.

D.Itisboundtomakeunwisedecisions.

2、Whatseemstopreventwomenfrombecomingboardmembersapartfromsexism?

A.Manyofthemlackthecouragetofacethechallengeintheboardroom.

B.Maledirectorsareafraidofwomen'

spotentialthreattotheirauthority.

C.Fewofthemhavethetrainingandqualificationsneededforexecutiveduties.

D.Maledirectorsrefrainfromgivingthemguidancetoavoidmisunderstanding.

3、Whatdoestheauthorsayistherealbarriertowomen'

scareers?

A.Anapparentlackofnecessarylegislation.

B.Fiercecompetitionfrommalecolleagues.

C.Theburdenoftakingcareoftheirfamily.

D.Thewidespreadsexismintheworkplace.

4、Whydomanywomenchoosetoentersuchfieldsaslaworhumanresources?

A.Theyallowwomencareerbreaksifneedbe.

B.Theycanbringawoman'

stalentintofullplay.

C.Theyofferhighsalariesandattractivebenefits.

D．TheypavethewayforwomentobecomeCEOs.

5、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepracticeofenforcingquotasforwomenexecutives?

A．Itisasimplesolutiontoatangledproblem.

B．Itisaneffectivetooltocombatsexism.

C．Ithelpsfilltheexecutiveboardwithtalents.

D．Itadverselyaffectsafirm'

sperformance.

Internationalgovernments'

inactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbuttheproactive（主动出击的）approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesareencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&

SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.

DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationsby50%by2015.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.

CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarenotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegood-nessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealizationthattheenviron-mentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&

Slaunchedits"

PlanA"

sustainabilityprogrammein2007,itwasbelievedthatitwouldcostover$200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated$105millionby2011/12.

Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesavemoney,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhuge"

quickwin"

opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.

However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepace.Therearefartoomanycompaniesstilldelayingcreatingaleanandgreenbusinesssystem,arguingthatitwillcostmoneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestment.Theyremainstuckinthe"

environmentiscost"

mentality.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.

Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenviron-mentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebig-gestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous.The3%ReportrecentlypublishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsintheUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020.Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordeliveringthisopportunityis"

increasedefficiencythroughmanagementandbehaviouralchange"

—inotherwords,leanandgreenmanagement.

Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycosting$1.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.

6、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?

A.Theyoperateinaccordancewithgovernmentpolicies.

B.Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.

C.Theyarekeydriversintheirnations'

economicgrowth.

D.Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.

7、WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?

A.Thegoodnessoftheirhearts. 

B.Astrongsenseofresponsibility.

C.Thedesiretogenerateprofits. 

D.Pressurefromenvironmentalists.

8、Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?

A.Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.

B.Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.

C.Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.

D.Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.

9、Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?

A.Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.

B．Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.

C．Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.

D．Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.

10、Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?

A．Theyhavegreatlyenhancedtheirsenseofsocialresponsibility.

B．Theydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenues.

C．Theyhaveabandonedalltheout-datedequipmentandtechnology.

D．Theymakegreatercontributionstohumanprogressthantheirrivals.

Ifyouaskedmetodescribetherisingphilosophyoftheday,I'

dsayitisdata-ism.Wenowhavetheabilitytogatherhugeamountsofdata.Thisabilityseemstocarrywithitcertainculturalassumptions—thateverythingthatcanbemeasuredshouldbemeasured;

thatdataisatransparentandreliablelensthatallowsustofilteroutemotionalismandideology;

thatdatawillhelpusdoremark-ablethings—likeforetellthefuture.

Overthenextyear,I'

mhopingtogetabettergriponsomeofthequestionsraisedbythedatarevolution:

inwhatsituationsshouldwerelyonintuitivepatternrecognitionandinwhichsituationsshouldweignoreintuitionandfollowthedata?

Whatkindsofeventsarepredictableusingstatisticalanalysisandwhatsortsofeventsarenot?

IconfessIenterthisinaskepticalframeofmindbelievingthatwetendtogetcarriedawayinourdesiretoreduceeverythingtothequantifiable.Butattheoutsetletmecelebratetwothingsdatadoesreallywell.

First,it'

sreallygoodatexposingwhenourintuitiveviewofrealityiswrong.Forexample,nearlyeverypersonwhorunsforpoliticalofficehasanintuitivese