学年上海高三英语二模汇编summaryWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Plasticwasteevenmakesitswayintoouroceanswith8millionpiecesofplasticpollutionperdaypollutingourwatersanddestroyingthehabitatforhundredsofspecies.Itisnowbelievedthattheremaybearound5.25trillionpiecesofplasticintheoceanweighingintotalupto269,000tons.
It’sbeencrystalclearforalongtimethatthesituationishorribleandsomethingneedstobedone,andfast.Luckily,Coca-Colasteppeduptothechallengeandcameupwithoneinnovativeandrathereffectivesolution.ThefirmisreplacingitsplasticwrappinginEuropewithanewpaperboardtechnology.
ThisnewtechiscalledtheKeelClipanditisafirstforthenon-alcoholready-to-drink(NARTD)industry.UsingKeelClips,Coca-ColaaimstoremoveallplasticwrapfromitscanmultipacksinallEuropeanUnionmarketsbytheendof2021.Thefirmisoptimisticthatthemovewillsave2,000tonsofplasticand3,000tonsofCO2annually.
“InnovationisakeyprincipleofoursustainablepackagingworkandtheapplicationofthisfullyrecyclablepaperboardKeelClip™,whichiscomposedofatopboardthatthecansclipintoandacentralcardboard‘keel’--similartoaship’skeel--that
stabilizes
thepack,isanotherexampleofhowwearedeliveringonourcommitmenttoremoveallunnecessaryandhardtorecyclesingle-useplasticfromourproducts.Wehopethiseco-friendlyinitiativeisaconsciousapproachtodealingwithplasticpollution,”saidJoeFranses,VicePresident,SustainabilityatCocaColaEuropeanPartners.
【参考答案】
Plasticpollutionhasbecomeamajorenvironmentalconcern,whichpollutesmarinewatersanddestroysthehabitatsofspecies.Respondingtoit,Coca-Colasubstitutesanewpaperboardtechnologyforitsplasticwrapping.TherecyclablepaperboardKeelClipisexpectedtodecreaseplasticuseandCO2emissions.ThecaseshowsinnovationbehindCoca-Cola’scommitmenttosustainableeco-friendlypackaging.(56words)
【解析】
1.文章第一段主要讲述塑料污染已经成为21世纪最紧迫的问题之一,几乎无处不在。
2.文章第二段主要讲述塑料垃圾对海洋水域的污染,破坏物种的栖息地。
3.文章第三段主要讲述可口可乐公司想出了一个解决方案,用一种新的纸板技术替代其塑料包装。
4.文章第四段主要讲述可口可乐公司用KeelClip替换其产品的塑料包装每年将节省3000吨塑料,减少2000吨二氧化碳的排放。
5.可口可乐副总裁乔·
弗朗斯表示创新是可持续包装工作的关键,也是纸板KeelClip应用的重要原则。
Two【黄浦区】
Doesyourmemoryfailasyouage?
I’m62yearsold.Likemanyofmyfriends,IforgetnamesthatIusedtobeabletorecalleffortlessly.Whenpackingmysuitcaseforatrip,IwalktothebedroomandbythetimeIgetthere,Idon’trememberwhatIcamefor.Andyetmylong-termmemoriesareperfect.Irememberthenamesofmythird-gradeclassmates,thefirstrecordalbumIbought,myweddingday.
Thisiswidelyunderstoodtobeaclassicproblemofaging.Buttheproblemisnotnecessarilyage-related.I’vebeenteachingundergraduatesformyentirecareerandIcanprovethateven20-year-oldsmakeshort-termmemoryerrors—loadsofthem.Theywalkintothewrongclassroom;
theyshowuptoexamswithouttherequiredNo.2pencil;
theyforgetsomethingIjustsaidtwominutesbefore.Thesearesimilartothekindsofthings70-year-oldsdo.
Therelevantdifferenceisnotagebutratherhowwedescribetheseevents,thestorieswetellourselvesaboutthem.Twenty-year-oldsdon’tthink,“Ohdear,thismustbeearly-onsetAlzheimer’s(早老性痴呆症).”Theythink,“Ireallyneedtogetmorethanfourhoursofsleep.”The70-year-oldsobservethesesameeventsandworryabouttheirbrainhealth.Thisistosaythateveryerrorofshort-termmemorydoesn’tnecessarilyindicateabiologicaldisorder.
Sohowdoweaccountforoursubjectiveexperiencethatolderadultsseemtosearchforwordsandnameswithdifficulty?
First,thereisageneralizedcognitive(认知的)slowingwithage—butgivenalittlemoretime,olderadultsperformjustfine.Second,olderadultshavetosearchthroughmorememoriesthanyoungeradultstofindthefactorpieceofinformationthey’relookingfor.Yourbrainbecomescrowdedwithmemoriesandinformation.It’snotthatyoucan’tremember—youcan—it’sjustthatthereissomuchmoreinformationtosortthrough.
Theauthorthinksthatshort-termmemoryfailure,whichbotholdandyoungsufferfrom,isn’tnecessarilyage-related,thoughdifferentagegroupsfinddifferentreasonsforit.Theoldseemtohaveapoorershort-termmemorybecauseofnaturalcognitiveslowingandtoomuchinformationtosearchfor.(47words)
本文主要通过作者自身的感受,论述了变老过程中一个非常明显的现象——遗忘。
虽然老年和青年都会面临这个问题,但是不同的年龄层对此的解释却不同。
最后作者解释了老年人为什么会出现更糟糕的记忆问题。
Three【浦东新区】
Britain’sBusesareGettingEmptier
InBritain,busesaccountformorepublic-transporttripsthantrains,tubesandtramsputtogether.Peoplelovethem,intheory:
onepollbyTransportFocus,aconsumergroup,foundthat74%ofyoungpeoplethinktheyareagoodwayofgettingaroundand85%believeitisimportantforaplacetohaveagoodbusservice.Thereisjustoneproblem.Inpractice,Britionsaretakingbuseslessandless.
WhyareLondonbusesemptier?
Onethingthathaschangedisyoungpeople’sbehavior.Theyoungareheavybususerswhentheytravel.But,increasingly,theydonottravel.AccordingtoTransportforLondon,theaverage17-to24-year-oldtook2.3transporttripsperdayintheyear2011-12butonly1.7in2018-19.TheNationalTravelSurveyconfirmsthatnogrouphascutbackharderontravelsincetheearly2000sthanteenagers.Youngpeoplearemorediligentthesedays,andstayinschoolforlonger.Theycandothethingsthatyoungpeoplelovetodoontheirphones,withoutgoingout.
Theotherbigbususersarethepoorandtheold,especiallyoutsideLondon,butbothareturningawayfrombusestocars.Lowerlendingstandardshavemadecarseasiertoacquire;
afuel-taxfreezeandfuel-savingenginesmakethemcheapertorun.Carsareevermorecomfortableandeasiertooperate,withparking-assisttechnologyandlane-driftingalertstohelpstarters.OutsideLondon,theaveragefreebuspasswasused90timesintheyear2010-11butonly74timesin2018-19,accordingtotheDepartmentforTransport.
Finallythereisthegigeconomy(零工经济).OnlineshoppingandUberprobablysubstituteofbustripsaswellasprivatecarjourneys.Andtheyputnewvehiclesontheroads,whichslowseverythingdown.Thenumberoflight-goodsvehiclesinLondonhasrisenby28%since2012.TonyTraversoftheLondonSchoolofEconomicspointsoutthatbusspeedshavefallenslightlyinthecapital,eventhoughprivatecarshavealmostbeenclearedupfromthecitycenter.TheaverageLondonbusnowtravelsat9.3milesperhour.Justaspeoplebecomelessinclinedtorunafterbuses,theyarebecomingeasiertocatch.
InBritain,busesarethemostpopulartransportation,butnowadaystheyarebecomingemptier.Thefirstreasonisthatmostpeopletakingbusesaretheyoungandtheydon’ttravelmuchbecauseofthephones.Secondly,thepoorandoldareturningtocarsbecausetheyaremucheasiertoaccess.Finally,peopledon’tneedbusesmuchowingtotheInternet.
1.本文的主旨在阐述越来越少的人乘英国公交车的三个原因,需要注意概括主旨和三个要点
2.容易出现的问题是未能抓住文章的主旨大意;
缺乏逻辑,文章整体思路混乱。
Four【长宁】
Scottishsummerssettokeepgettingwarmer,studyshows
Cold,wetsummerscouldbecomeathingofthepastinScotland,accordingtoanewstudy.ResearchersfromEdinburghandOxforduniversitiesandtheMetOffice,theUK’sofficialweatherservice,saythatsummertemperaturesof30°
Ccouldbecomecommoninthefuturebecauseofclimatechange.
Climatechangeislong-termchangesintheworld’sweatherpatterns,includingrisingtemperatures.Humanactivitiessuchasburningfossilfuels(coal,oilandnaturalgas),farmingandcuttingdownforestsareamajorcauseofchangingweatherpatternsaroundtheworld.Whenfossilfuelsareburned,forexample,theyreleasegasessuchascarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.Thesegasesarecalledgreenhousegases.Theiremissionscontributetoclimatechange.
Peopleexperiencedhotanddryconditionsduringaheatwaveinthesummerof2018.TheteamfoundthatclimatechangewouldleadtothoseconditionsbecomingmorefrequentinScotland.LeadresearcherProfessorSimonTett,fromEdinburghUniversity,saidthatcarbondioxideemissionshadtobecutaroundtheworldinordertopreventthisfromgettingworse.
Thestudyalsolookedintothedirecteffectsoftheunusualweatherin2018onpeople,animalsandlandscapesinScotland.Amongthesewereathirtypercentincreaseindemandforwater,anincreaseinharmfulinsectssuchasfliesandmosquitoes,andafallintheamountofpeas,potatoes,carrotsandonionsthatwereharvested.Thepopulationsofsometypesofbirdsdeclinedbecauseofalackofwater.Therewasalsodisturbancetotrainsbecauserailswerebentbytheheat.
Tettexplained,“Despiteitscoolclimate,Scotlandmuststarttopreparenowfortheimpactofhightemperatureextremes.Thebottomlineisthatheatwaveshavebecomemorelikelybecauseoftheclimatechangecausedbyhumanactivities.”
AstudyshowsthatScotlandisexpectedtohavehotteranddriersummersduetoglobalclimatechangeresultingfromharmfulhumanactivitieslikegreenhousegasesemission.Moreover,itrevealsthatthedrynessandhotnessof2018summerdirectlycauseddisastrousconsequencestocreatures,vegetationandtransportationinScotland.Actionsshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse(57words)
这篇文章讲的是由于温室气体排放等有害人类活动造成的全球气候变化,苏格兰预计将有更炎热和更干燥的夏季。
此外,它揭示了2018年夏天的干燥和炎热直接给苏格兰的生物、植被和交通造成了灾难性的后果。
在事态恶化之前,应该采取行动。