实用文档之语言学教程测试题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is
__________.
A.interrogative(疑问)
B.directive
C.informative
D.performative
4.
InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎(岁岁)平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?
A.Interpersonal
B.Emotive
C.Performative√
D.Recreational
5.
Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?
A.Transferability
B.Duality
C.Displacement
D.Arbitrariness
6.
Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?
—Aniceday,isn’tit?
—Right!
Ireallyenjoythesunlight.
A.Emotive
B.Phatic
C.Performative
D.Interpersonal
7.
__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’s
knowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.
A.Performance
B.Competence
C.Langue
D.Parole
8.
Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.
A.culturaltransmission
B.productivity
C.displacement
D.duality
9.
__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.
A.Psycholinguistics
B.Anthropologicallinguistics
C.Sociolinguistics
D.Appliedlinguistics
10.
__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.
A.Linguistictheory
B.Practicallinguistics
C.Appliedlinguistics
D.Comparativelinguistics
II.
Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.
Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.F
12.
Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.TF?
?
13.
Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.FT?
14.
Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.F
15.
Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.F
16.
Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.F
17.
F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.FSwiss
18.
AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.F
19.
Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.F
20.
Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.F
III.
Fillintheblanks.(10%)
21.
Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__verbal_communication.
22.
Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__creativity________.
23.
Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis___metalingualfunction_______.
24.
Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__yo-he-ho________theory.
25.
Linguisticsisthe_scientific_________studyoflanguage.
26.
Modernlinguisticsis_descriptive_________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.
27.
Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof___speech_______overwriting.
28.
Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa_diachronic_linguistic________study.
29.
Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts._langue_________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.
30.
LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__competence________.
IV.
Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
31.
Designfeature
Designfeature:
Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.
32.
Displacement
Displacement:
Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication.
33.
Competence
Competence:
Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;
thatis,ofitssoundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelofcompetence.
34.
Synchroniclinguistics
Synchroniclinguistics:
Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthepresentoraparticularpointinthepast;
synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.
V.
Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)
35.
Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?
(南开大学,2004)
Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelements–forinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,e.g.words,whicharedistinctinmeaning.
36.
Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?
(北京第二外国语大学,2004)
Itisdifficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthatcoverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirownspecialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.
VI.
Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)
37.
Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?
(青岛海洋大学,1999)
Itshouldbeguidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:
exhaustiveness,consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollowthescientificprocedure:
formhypothesis–collectdata–checkagainsttheobservablefacts–cometoaconclusion.
I.
1~5BACCC
6~10BACAC
II.
11~15FFTFF
16~20FFFFF
III.
21.verbal
22.productivity/creativity
23.metalingualfunction
24.yo-he-ho
25.scientific
26.descriptive
27.speech
28.diachroniclinguistic
29.langue
30.competence
Chapter2
SpeechSounds
Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.
A.intonation
B.tone
C.pronunciation
D.voice
Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//).
A.allophone
B.phone
[]
C.phoneme
//
D.morpheme
Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.
A.analogues
B.tagmemes
C.morphemes
D.allophones
Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas
__________.
A.glottis
声门
B.vocalcavity
C.pharynx
D.uvula
Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.?
A.wide
B.closing
C.narrow
D.centering
Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.
A.minimalpairs
B.allomorphs
C.phones
D.allophones
Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.Acousticphonetics
B.Articulatoryphonetics
C.Auditoryphonetics
D.Noneoftheabove
Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
A.[n]
B.[m]
C.[b]
D.[p]
Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
A.[i:
]
B.[u]
C.[e]
D.[i]
Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
A.Voiceless
B.Voiced
C.Glottalstop
D.Consonant