旋涡隧道溢洪道及液压操作条件外文翻译.docx

旋涡隧道溢洪道及液压操作条件外文翻译.docx

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旋涡隧道溢洪道及液压操作条件外文翻译

VORTEX-TUNNELSPILLWAYSANDHYDRAULICOPERATINGCONDITIONS

M.A.Galant,B.A.Zhivotovskii,V.B.Rodionov,andN.N.Rozanova

ExecutiveSummary

  Spillwaytunneliswidelyusedinhigh-pressurehydraulicengineering.Therefore,thistypeofspillwaythisstudyisanimportantandurgenttasktohelpintheuseofthesetypesofhydraulicconstructionofspillwaycanhelpdevelopthebestandreliablespillwaystructure.Thisisconfirmedbyvortexspillwaytunnelinthedesignofapressurefluctuationandintensityofturbulentenergydissipationprocess

Keywords:

vortexspillwayenergydissipation

Tunnelspillwaysarewidelyusedinmedium-andhigh-pressurehydraulicworks.Itisthereforeanimportantandpressingtasktoimprovetheconstructionsusedinthesetypesofspillwaysandtodevelopoptimalandreliablespillwaystructures.Withthisinmind,wewouldliketoturnthereader'sattentiontoessentiallynovel（i.e.,intermsofconfigurationandoperatingconditions）vortexspillwayswhichutilizevortex-typeflows.Ontheonehand,thesetypesofspillwaysmakepossiblelarge-scaledissipationofthekineticenergyoftheflowontheinitiallegofthetailracesegment,and,asaconsequence,flowratesofslightlyvortex-typeandaxialflowsthroughthesubsequentlegsthatdonotproducecavitationdamage.Ontheotherhand,thedangerouseffectofhighflowratesonthestreamlinedsurfacedecreasesoverthelengthoftheinitialtailracelegasaconsequenceoftheincreasedpressureonthewallcausedbytheeffectofcentrifugalforces.AnumberofstructuralstudiesoftunnelspillwaysforhydraulicworkssuchastheRogunskii,Teri,Tel'mamskii,andTupolangskiihydraulicworksbasedondifferentoperatingprincipleshavenowbeencompleted.Theseconstructionsmaybedividedintothefollowingbasicgroups:

-vortex-type（orso-calledsingle-vortextype）spillwayswithsmoothdissipationoftheflowenergythroughoutthelengthofthetunnelwhenLr>（60--80）hTor（60--80）dT（wheredTandhTarethediameterandheightofthetunnel）,whilethecross-sectionofthetunneliseithercircularornear-circularthroughoutitslength.-vortex-typespillwayswithincreasinglygreaterdissipationoftheenergyofthevortex-typeflowoverashorterlengthLr-<（60--80）hTofanoncircularsectionriverdiversiontunnel（horseshoe-shaped,square,triangular）whichisconnectedtotheeddychambereitherbymeansofanenergy-dissipation（expansion）orbymeansofasmoothtransitionleg;-spillwayswithtwoormoreinteractingvortex-typeflowsinenergy-dissipationdischargechambersorinspecialenergydissipatorsthathavebeentermed"counter-vortexenergydissipators".Theterminalportionofthetailracetunnelofavortexspillwaymaybeconstructedintheformofaski-jumpbucket,astillingbasin,orspecialstructuresdependingontheflowrateattheexitfromthetunnelandontheconditionsinthechanneldownstream.Thehydraulicsystemusedtolinktheflowtothetailracecanalmayinvolvetheuseofeitheroverflowtypeorfree-falltypestructures.Vortexspillwayswithsmoothoraccelerateddissipationofenergyovertheentirelengthofthewaterconduitrepresentthesimplestandmostpromisingtypesofhydraulicstructures.Techniquesofdesigningvortexspillwayshavenowbeendevelopedandpublishedinnumerousstudies;inparticular,techniquesarenowavailableforcalculatingthehydraulicresistanceofindividuallegsofarouteandtheflowratesandpressuresinvortex-typeflow.However,foreachactualhydraulicprojectadesignedstructuremustalsobeevaluatedbymeansofmodelinvestigations,sinceitisstillnotpossibletoevaluatealltheelementsoftheoperationofaspillwaybymeansofcalculations.Thus,letusturnourattentiontoanumberoftheoreticallyimportantproblems.Afamiliaritywiththesetopicswillbeofassistanceinthedesignandinvestigationofvortexspillways.

EvaluationoftheDesignandGeometricDimensionsoftheElementsofaSpillway.Theselectionofaparticulartypeofspillwaydependsonanumberoffactors,suchastheeffectivehead,themagnitudeoftheescapagedischarge,theconfigurationofthehydraulicproject（forexample,theuseofariverdiversiontunnelduringtheoperationalperiodorofthewaterconduitsofhydroelectricpowerplantsintheconstructionperiod）,conditionsinthedischargeoftheflowintothetailracechannel,topographicandgeologicalfeatures（inparticular,thepossiblelengthofthetailraceleg）,andthetechnicalandeconomiccharacteristics.Inlet（entrysegmentintheformofsurfaceorsubsurfaceofftake）.Theinletisdesignedonthebasisofstandardtechniquestomaintainitsconveyancecapacitywhenfunctioninginthefree-fallregime.Shafts（verticalorinclined）.Thediameteroftheshaftismadenearlyequaltothediameterofthetail